首字母填空学生版 中考暑假班教材.docx

首字母填空学生版 中考暑假班教材.docx

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首字母填空学生版中考暑假班教材

中考首字母填空

课堂讲义

首字母填空是考察学生包括语法知识、词汇运用、上下文理解以及主旨把握在内的综合能力，对大部分学生来说，这也是出错率最高的一道题目。

中考首字母填空共考查7个题目，每空2分，考查各种词性的单词。

要求所填单词在意义和语法上都要正确，即写对单词，也要写对单词的形式。

请同学们一定要重视动词的时态和语态，名词的单复数形式和代词不同的格。

首字母填空解题思路和技巧：

第一步：

通读全文，初步理解大意。

第二步：

词性分析

（一）概述：

考查实词（动词、名词、形容词和副词）为主，虚词（连词和介词）为辅。

所考单词为教育考试院词汇手册范围内，不会超纲，也无侮辱性词汇。

（二）词性判断方法：

1、句子缺动词：

每个句子（包括从句及并列句）都应该有且仅有一个动词。

Hobbiescanr_____pressure.

2、句子缺形容词：

一般出现在系动词后或者名词（代词）前。

UsingiPadsisespeciallyh_______tostudentswhoarelearningalanguageatdifferentpaces.

3、句子缺名词/代词：

动词前（主语）及动词后／介词后（宾语）位置。

Twiceayearparentsareinvitedtohaveat_________ofthefood.

Theymakepromisestot________tomakechangesintheirlivesoverthecomingyear,suchastoloseweight,tostopsmoking,togetanewjob…….

4、句子缺副词：

句子主要成分完整，且语义上修饰动词/形容词。

一般出现在句首，句尾或者是句中实义动词前/助动词后。

Manystudentsbringfoodfromhome,u________sandwiches.

5、句子缺介词：

一般出现在名词前或者是动词后。

IrealizedI’veseentheworldinadifferentlightt________mydarling’seyes.

6、句子缺连词：

句子中出现了两个谓语动词。

Peoplecandownloada1GBmoviewithin6minutesinSouthKorea,b_____inChinaitwouldtakehalfanhour.

练习时间：

判断下面空格缺单词的词性。

Itwas3:

21a.m.whenten-year-oldGlennCreamerwaswokenupbythesmellofburning.Exceptforthecracking（爆裂声）offlamessomewherebelow,therewasnotasoundinthetwo-floorhouse.Buthe1.________atoncewhatwashappening.

2.______hisfatherwasawayonnightdutyatalocalfactory,Glennwasworriedaboutthesafetyofhisother,his14-year-oldsisterKarenandhis12-year-oldbrotherTodd.Herandownstairsthroughthesmoke-filledhousetopushandpullatKarenandTodduntiltheysatup.Thenhehelpedthem3._______thesafetyofthegarden.There,hissisterandbrother,takingshortandquickbreathsandcoughing,couldn’tmoveanymore.

Theten-year-oldracedbackintothehouseandupstairsintohismother’sroom.Hefoundit4._________towakeherupandtherewasnobodytohelpGlenncarryhertothegarden.Buttheboykeptcalm.Asafiremansaidlater,“Heactedwithalltheself-controlofatrainedadult.”

Onthebedroomtelephone,luckilystillworking,Glenncalled5._______father.AfterGlennmadesurehisfatherwouldtelephonethefiremenandambulanceservice,hegotonwiththetask6.______savinghismother.

Firsthefilled7.______bucketwithwaterfromthebathroomandthrewwateroverhismotherandherbed.Inthisway,shewouldbekeptawayfromthefirebeforethefiremenarrived.Then,withawetclotharoundhisheadhewentbacktothegarden.

Hecouldhearthefireenginecomingup,buthowwouldthefiremenfindhismother8.______thesmoke-filledhousewherefirehadalmostcoveredthegroundfloor?

Fetchingaballofstring（绳）fromthegarage,Glennracedbackintothehouse9._______rushedupstairstohismother’sroom.Hetiedoneendofthestringtoherhand.Thenhebegantorunback.Helaidoutthestringashewentthroughthehallandbackoutintothegarden.

MinuteslaterhewastellingfireChiefJohnCoughlan,“Thestringwilllead10.________tomother/canhelpyoufindmother.”Mrs.Creamerwascarriedtosafetyastheflameswerebreakingthroughherbedroomfloor.

第三步：

词意判断

（一）概述：

根据上下文逻辑（包括句内逻辑、句间逻辑以及篇章逻辑）、重点词汇来判断词意。

常见逻辑关系词---句间逻辑：

类型

常考逻辑关系词

对立关系

让步：

although,though,eventhough,evenif,despite,inspiteof

“虽然，尽管，即使，即便，不管”

转折：

but,however,yet,while，insteadof,not…..but“然而，但是”

并列递进

并列：

and,andalso,or,similarly,aswellas,neither……nor,either……or,notonly……butalso,thesame……as;ononehand……ontheotherhand,foronething……foranother,one……another,some……others……stillothers“和／或／也,一方面……另一方面”

递进：

also,then,besides,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,what’smore

“还，甚至，并且，另外”

因果

因为：

because,for,since,as,dueto,thanksto,becauseof,nowthat,forthisreason“因为，由于”

所以：

thus,therefore,so,so…..that,such…..that,asaresult“所以”

条件

if,unless,aslongas“如果，除非，只要，要是”

举例

suchas,forexample,forinstance,of（these,those,them）,among（these,those,them）“例如，比如”

时间

when，whenever，before，after，since，as，while，until／till，assoonas，atthesametime，everytime，bythetime

目的

inorderthat,sothat，soasto，inorderto“为了，以便，以致于”

类型

常考逻辑关系词

对立

让步：

although,though,eventhough,evenif,despite,inspiteof

“虽然，尽管，即使，即便，不管”

转折：

but,however,yet,while，insteadof,not…..but“然而，但是”

并列

递进

并列：

and,andalso,or,similarly,aswellas,neither……nor,either……or,notonly……butalso,thesame……as;ononehand……ontheotherhand,foronething……foranother,one……another,some……others……stillothers“和／或／也,一方面……另一方面”

递进：

also,then,besides,inaddition,furthermore,moreover,what’smore

“还，甚至，并且，另外”

总分

suchas,forexample,forinstance,of（these,those,them）,among（these,those,them）“例如，比如”

第四步：

验证语法。

1、名词的形式（复数，所有格）

AndthatdayIthoughtalotaboutmakingsomec_______inmylife,asIlistenedtoherinnocent（天真的）wordsthatcutmelikeaknife.

Butasthenationpaysmoreattentiontoc______health,healthierfoodshavestartedtfindtheirwayontoschoolmenus.

2、动词的形式（时态和语态即三单、过去时、现在分词、过去分词）

Itusuallyf__________witharesponseof“I’mgood,andyou?

”or“I’mwell,andyou?

”

Mydaughterc_______her“conversation”,asIsatdownonthefloor.

3、形容词/副词的形式（原级、比较级、最高级）

IfastudentspendsmoretimewatchingvideosonaniPad,hewillhavef_______opportunitiestohaveface-to-facecommunicationwithothers.

4、代词的形式（格、单复数、反身代词）

Thewindcomingfromthefanwillblowawaytheemptyboxesandleavetheothero_______withsoap.

课堂练习

Passage1★★★★★（17年宝山一模）

Attimesweallgetangrywhenwearedriving.Itmightbebecausewearestuckinatrafficjamorstuckbehindaverys81driver.Itmightbebecausewethinkanotherdriverhasdonesomethingverystupidanddangerous.Whateverthereason,itseemsthatgettingangryinacarissomethingwhichhappensmoreandmoreoftenandthereisnowaspecialtermf82it:

'roadrage'（路怒症）.Someexpertseventhinkthatroadrageisakindofmentalillness!

Howcanwerecognizethis'illness'ofroadrage?

Therearetwokindsofroadrage:

aggressive（攻击性的）drivingandaggressivereactionstothewayotherpeoplearedriving.Aggressivedrivingcantakedifferentf83:

Drivingmuchfasterthanthespeedlimit.

Increasingyourspeedveryquickly.

Drivingveryclosebehindthecarinfrontandsoundingthehorn（喇叭）orflashingtheheadlights.

Changinglanesverysuddenlyandb84anothercar.

Movingintoaparkingspacewhereanothercaristryingtopark.

Therearealsodifferentreactionstothewayotherpeoplearedriving.Theseinclude:

Makingrudesignsatpeople.

Shoutingatpeopleandthreateningthem.

Deliberately（蓄意地）drivingintoanotherperson'scar.

Hittingsomebody.

Usingaweaponsuchasabaseballbat,orevenagunoraknife.

Roadrageisc85notajoke.Therehavebeenincidents（事件）ofroadragewhichhaveledtoseriousinjuriesandevenmurder.Expertsthinkthatonereasonforroadrageasthatfilmsshowalotofexamplesoffastandaggressivedrivingsuchascarchaseswherethiskindofdrivingseemstobepositive.Expertsalsothinkthatthepunishmentsfordangerousdrivingarenotseriouse86.Experienceshowsthatdrivingproblemscanbecontrolled,butittakesalongtime.IntheUKinthelast30years,thepolicehavebeenquitesuccessfulinr87thenumberofpeoplewhodrinkanddrive.Theyarenowworkingtostoppeopleusingmobilephoneswhentheyaredriving.Let'shopetheycanhavethesamesuccesswithroadrage.

IntensiveReadingandTranslationfromEnglishtoChinese:

1.Itmightbebecausewethinkanotherdriverhasdonesomethingverystupidanddangerous.

Translation:

Languagepoints:

表语从句；

Moreexamples:

（TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese）

1.Myideaisthatweshouldstartmakingpreparationsrightnow.

____________________________________________________________________

2.Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.

____________________________________________________________________

3.WhatIwanttoknowiswhichroadweshouldtake.

____________________________________________________________________

2.Whateverthereason,itseemsthatgettingangryinacarissomethingwhichhappensmoreandmoreoftenandthereisnowaspecialtermf82it:

'roadrage'（路怒症）.

Translation:

Languagepoints:

动名词做主语；

定语从句；

Moreexamples:

（TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese）

1.Collectinginformationaboutchildren’shealthishisjob.

_____________________________________________________________________

2.FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.

_____________________________________________________________________

3.Haveyougotanythingthatbelongstome?

_____________________________________________________________________

4.Theyaretalkingoftheheroinesandtheirdeedsthatinterestthem.

_____________________________________________________________________

3.Therearetwokindsofroadrage:

aggressive（攻击性的）drivingandaggressivereactionstothewayotherpeoplearedriving.

Translation:

Languagepoints:

way的定语从句；

reactionto…对…的反应

Moreexamples:

（TranslationfromEnglishtoChinese）

1.Iwasimpressedbythewayinwhichshedidit.

_____________________________________________________________________

2.Shewaspleasedwiththewayinwhichhehadacceptedhercriticism.

_____________________________________________________________________

3.Yourreactiontothingsissortofahabitandapartofyourpersonality.

_____________________________________________________________________

4.People'sreactiontothefilmhasvariedgreatly.

_____________________________________________________________________

Wordlist:

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