高考英语语法非谓语动词讲解及习题附答案.docx
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高考英语语法非谓语动词讲解及习题附答案
非谓语动词
非谓语动词：
包括不定式todo，动名词doing，过去分词done及现在分词doing.
动词不定式：
1.作主语或表语。
1）Itishard_____ahighmountain.（climb）
（不定式作主语，常用it作形式主语。
）
2）Theonlywaytoreachtheedgeofthe
forest___thenarrowdirtpathinfrontofus.
A.wastotakeB.wastotaking
C.willtakeD.wastaken
（不定式作表语，常用来说明主语内容。
）
2.某些动词后须跟不定式todo作宾语：
e.g.afford,agree,decide,demand,offer,determine,hope,expect,wish,happen,fail,manage,desire,
long（渴望）,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,intend,seem;…
3.某些动词后须用不定式作宾补v.+n.+todo
e.g.advise,allow,permit,forbid,ask,beg,cause,choose,drive（驱使）,enable,encourage,expect,wish,
force,get,invite,prefer,tell,think,want,warn,order,require,callon,dependon…
4.动词let,have,make,notice,watch,observe,
feel,hear,see,后用动词原形作宾补.如改为被动语态，省掉的to要还原。
e.g.IheardMarysinglastnight.
Marywasheardtosinglastnight.
5.某些结构后面要用省to的不定式（即动词原形）：
would/hadrather,wouldyouplease,
hadbetter,ratherthan（而不是）…
6.不定式作定语时，与其修饰的名词有主谓关系或动宾关系。
e.g.1）Ihaven’tdecidedwhichhotel______.
A.tostayB.tobestayedat
C.tostayatD.forstaying
2）Theoldscientisthasbeeninvitedtoa
party_____nextMondayevening.
A.holdingB.heldC.tobeheldD.beingheld
3）LittleBettyfound__________.
A.withnoonetoplayB.noonetoplaywith
C.noonetobeplayedwithD.noonetoplay
4）a.MrSmithistheverydoctor______.
b.MrSmithistheverydoctorforyou__.
A.tobesentforB.tosendfor
C.sendingforD.tobesent
7.疑问词+不定式todo：
相当于一个名词从句，常用来作主语，表语，宾语或状语。
e.g.Hedoesn’tknow____tostayornot.
A.ifB.eitherC.whetherD.ifhewill
LastsummerItookacourseon_____.
A.howtomakedresses
B.howdressesbemade
C.howtobemadedresses
D.howaredressesmade
不定式的省略：
---Didyourbrothergototheparty?
---No,buthe_______.
A.planneditB.plannedto
C.plannedsoD.planned
形容词easy,difficult,hard,fit后的动词不定式用主动形式表被动意义。
e.g.IfoundtheGermanLanguagehard_____.
A.tobelearnedB.tolearn
C.learnedD.learning
动名词doing的用法:
1.作主语：
动名词表一种抽象的和泛指的概念，而不定式表一次性的，具体的动作。
e.g.Swimmingisagoodexercise.
ToswimacrossthatriverispossiblesomedaywhenIgrowup.
用在Itisnouse（good,awasteoftime,notaneasytask）…和therebeno（nouse）…结构中。
e.g.Itisnogood_____thestabledoorwhen
thehorseisstolen.
A.closingB.toshutC.lockingD.tolock
Thereisnouse______himatthishour.
A.tocallB.calledC.toringD.calling
2.作宾语：
某些动词后只跟动名词作宾语。
admit,appreciate,avoid,can’thelp,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,fancy（爱好）,suggest,excuse（原谅）,
finish,mind,miss,practise,allow，risk（冒险）,advise,giveup…
3.有些动词后即可接不定式，又可接动名词，但意义不一样：
e.g.remember,forget,regret+todo动作未发生
+doing动作已发生
e.g.Iremembertoposttheletter.
Irememberpostingtheletter.
trytodo尽力做trydoing尝试做
stoptodostopdoing
meantodo打算做meandoingsth.意味着做
4..need,require,want+doing某事需要被
e.g.Thebikeneedsrepairing.
=Thebikeneedstoberepaired.
Thisplaceisworthtravelinghundredsof
milestosee.
5.动名词复合结构：
（动名词带上自己的逻辑主语）
e.g.His/John’scomingmadeushappy.（作主语）
Doyoumindmy/me/Mary’s/Marygoing
toyourparty?
（作宾语）
6.动名词完成式与被动形式：
e.g.Hedidn’tmentionhavingmetme.
Iapologizefornothavingkeptmypromise.
Beingkilledbysharkswasacommonthinghere.
过去分词常表完成的被动动作，而现在分词常表正在进行的主动动作。
●现在分词
一、现在分词的基本特征:
表主动的，进行的，表特征
二、现在分词的用法
①现在分词作表语，表示主语的特征或和连系动词连用构成进行时态。
Thebookisinteresting.
Thepresentsituationismoreencouragingthaneverbefore.
Thegirliswateringthetrees.
现在分词作表语一般可以译成“使、令…的”
②现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的特征，或修饰名词所做的动作。
单个的现在分词作定语必须前置；现在分词短语则后置。
现在分词短语作定语，相当于一个定语从句，都可以变成一个相应的定语从句。
现在分词作定语所修饰的名词有主谓关系。
Heisapromisingyoungman.他是个大有前途的年轻人。
IhaveafriendlivinginLondon. （=IhaveafriendwholivesinLondon.）
③现在分词作状语，多用来表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。
现在分词作状语它的逻辑主语是主句的主语。
如果分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，并且已经完成，用现在分词的完成形式。
Theystoodbytheroad,readingbooks.
Havingsteppedintothecave,Crusoelitafire.
④现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行，动作是宾语发出的，主动的，多用于使役动词或感官动词之后。
Wesawalightburninginthewindow.
Ican'tgettheclockgoingagain.
现在分词的完成式，否定式，被动形式：
e.g.a.Havingworkedamongtheworkersfor
manyyears,heknewthemverywell.
b.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecided
towriteanotherlettertothem.
c.Canyouseethebuildingbeingbuilt?
d.Havingbeenputintoprison,hefelthopeless.
●过去分词
一、过去分词的基本特征 表被动的、完成的、表状态
二、过去分词的用法
①过去分词作表语，和连系动词一起表示主语的状态或表示被动语态（动词应是及物动词）。
Theglassisbroken.
Sheisquitepleased.
TheglasswasbrokenbyLiHua.
②过去分词作定语多表示被动意义和完成意义。
动作发生在谓语动词之前。
其前置和特征与现在分词相同。
过去分词作定语所修饰的名词有被动关系或系表关系。
Heisamanlovedbyall.
Ihatetoreadletterswritteninpencil.
③过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语一样，可以表示伴随、时间、原因、方式等。
过去分词作状语必须注意它表示的动作是该句主语发不出来的或表示主语的状态，
但其逻辑上的主语应是主句的主语。
When（wateris）heated,waterchangesintosteam.
④过去分词作宾补，多表示宾语的状态或被动意义。
动作是宾语发不来的。
多用于使役动词、感官动词和like,want,wish,order等表示“希望”“要求”等意义的动词后面。
特别注意“have＋宾语＋过去分词”这一结构的用法。
Ihavetohavemyhaircut.
Youshouldmakeyourselfunderstoodbyall.
独立主格结构：
在用分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语一般必须与句子主语一致。
如不一致，分词须带上自己的逻辑主语。
常表伴随的动作或情况。
e.g.a.Herushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.
b.Weatherpermitting,we’llhaveanoutingtomorrow.
c.Somanyteachersbeingabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.
d.Hisworkfinished,hepreparedtoreturntohishome.
e.Thereare180competitorstotakepartin
thisgame,theyoungestbeingaboyof10.
1.Iwouldlove________tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.
A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegone
2.TheOlympicGames,_________in776B.C.,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.
A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayed
C.firstplayingD.tobefirstplaying
3.Weagreed________herebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.
A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet
4.Howaboutthetwoofus_________awalkdownthegarden?
A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking
5.––Imustapologizefor________aheadoftime.––That'sallright.
A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknow
C.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow
6.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered________thefirstcomputer.
A.toinventB.inventing
C.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented
7.––Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.
––Well,nowIregret_________that.
A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone
8.Iwouldappreciate_______backthisafternoon.
A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you'recalling
9.Thecomputercentre,__________lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsthisschool.
A.openB.openedC.openingD.having
10.Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught__________andleftheroff.
A.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealing
11.Ratherthan_______onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers________abicycle.
A.ride;torideB.riding;rideC.ride;rideD.toride;riding
12.Thefirsttextbooks________forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.
A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written
13.Themissingboyswerelastseen_________neartheriver.
A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay
14.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade__________.Healwaysworkshard.
A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning
15.Thevisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,_______thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.
A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added
16.Thepatientwaswarned________oilyfoodaftertheoperation.
A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating
17.________inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.
A.LosingB.LostC.ToloseD.Havinglost
18._______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.
A.NotreceivingB.Receivingnot
C.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived
19.––Canyousparemesometime?
––I'mafraidnot.Ihavelotsofletters________.
A.doingwithB.todoforC.todealD.todealwith
20.––Whomshouldthismessagebesentto?
––Myfatheristheone_________.
A.tosentittoB.tosenditC.tobesenttoD.forsendingit
21.Ican'tunderstand________atthatpoorchild.
A.youtolaughB.youlaughingC.youlaughD.whylaugh
22.Iregret________heradvicebefore.
A.havingnottakenB.nottotake
C.nothavingtakenD.haven'ttaken
23.I'llneverforget_______mybrotherinParislastyear.
A.toseeB.tohaveseenC.seeingD.havingbeenseen
24.Wemustsetabout________ourlessonforthemid––termexamination.
A.reviewingB.reviewedC.toreviewD.tobereviewing
25.IfoundJohn______thedesk,______hishomeworkcarefully.
A.seatedat;todoB.sittingat;doing
C.satat;doesD.takinghisseatat;todo
26.________,hesuddenlyfoundtheshophewaslookingfor.
A.WhenheturnsroundB.Toturntheleft
C.TurnedbackwardD.Turningtotheleft
27._______,themeetingbegan.
A.AftersingasongB.Aftertheysangasong
C.SingingasongD.Havingsungason
28.Isthisthewatchyouwish_________?
A.tohaverepairedB.torepairit
C.tohaveitrepairedD.willberepaired
29.______someofficers,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.
A.FollowedbyB.Beingfollowed
C.FollowedD.Havingbeenfollowedby
30.Withherhusband________her,Mariewassureofhersuccess.
A.helpsB.helpedC.helpingD.washelping
31._______manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.
A.HavingbeentoldB.Thoughhehadbeentold
C.HewastoldD.Havingtold
32.Theybrokeeverythingintheshopintopieces,_________nothing.
A.leavedB.leavingC.leftD.toleaving
33.Isawsomeone________thecupboardandtakeoutthebooks.
A.openingB.openedC.opens
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