Grammar 冠词.docx
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Grammar冠词
冠词
一.冠词概述
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义
冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。
不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。
定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”,“那”,“这些”,“那些”的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用
二.a和an的区别
不定冠词有a和an两种形式,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前,an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。
例如:
aboy,auniversity,aEuropeancountry;
anhour,anhonour,anisland,anelephant,anumbrella
三.不定冠词的用法
1.泛指某一类人、事或物;相当于any,这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。
2.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。
3.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。
4.表示“每一”,相当于every.例如,Igotoschoolfivedaysaweek.我一周上五天课。
5.用在序数词前,表示“又一”,“再一”。
例如,Ihavethreebooks.Iwanttobuyafourthone.我已经有三本书,我想买第四本。
6.用在某些固定词组中:
alot(of)许多,大量;afterawhile过一会儿
四.定冠词的用法
1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法。
2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。
例如:
Openthewindow,please.请打开窗户。
3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。
例如:
Ihaveacar.Thecarisred.我有一辆小汽车,它是红色的。
4.指世界上独一无二的事物。
例如:
Whichisbigger,thesunortheearth?
哪一个大,太阳还是地球?
5.用在序数词,形容词最高级前。
例如:
Thefirstlessonistheeasiestoneinthisbook.第一课是这本书最简单的一课。
6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。
例如,theGreatWall长城,theUnitedStates美国
7.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。
例如:
thepoor穷人,theblind盲人
8用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。
例如:
theGreens格林一家或格林夫妻俩
9.用在方位词前。
例如:
ontheleft在左边,inthemiddleof在中间
10.用在乐器名称前。
例如:
Sheplaysthepianoeveryday.她每天弹钢琴。
11.用在表示海洋,河流,山脉,群岛及国家和党派等名词前。
例如:
theBlackSea黑海,theYangziRiver长江
12.用在某些固定词组中:
allthesame仍然;allthetime一直;atthemoment此刻;atthesametime同时;bytheway顺便说;dotheshopping/washing买东西/洗衣服;inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上;intheopenair在户外,在野外
五.零冠词的用法
1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。
例如,ClassTwo二班,Tian’anMenSquare天安门广场,water水
2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my,your,his,her等)、指示代词(this/these,that/those)、不定代词(some,any等)及所有格限制时。
例如mybook(正);mythebook(误)
3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。
例如,Theyareteachers.他们是老师。
Tigerslikemeat.老虎喜欢吃肉
4.在星期,月份,季节,节日前。
例如:
onSunday在周日,inMarch在三月,inspring在春天,onWomen’sDay在妇女节
(特例:
如果月份,季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时,则要加定冠词:
HejoinedtheArmyinthespringof1982.他在1982年春季参军。
)
5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。
例如:
Tom汤姆,Mum妈妈
6.在学科名称,三餐饭和球类运动名称前。
例如:
Ihavelunchatschooleveryday.
特例:
当football,basketball指具体的某个球时,其前可以用冠词:
Icanseeafootball.我可以看到一只足球。
Where’sthefootball?
那只足球在哪儿?
(指足球,并非“球类运动”)
7.在表特定的公园,街道,车站,桥,学校等之前。
例如:
No.25MiddleSchool
8.某些固定词组中不用冠词。
(1)与by连用的交通工具名称前:
bybus乘公共汽车;bycar乘汽车;bybike骑/坐自行车;bytrain乘火车;byair/plane乘飞机;bysea/ship乘船,但takeabus,inaboat,onthebike前需用冠词
(2)名词词组:
dayandnight日日夜夜;brotherandsister兄弟姐妹;hourafterhour时时刻刻;hereandthere到处
(3)介词词组:
athome在家;insurprise惊奇地;atnoon在中午;onfoot步行;atnight在晚上;onduty值日;atwork在工作;ontime准时;forexample例如;inclass在上课;onshow展览;inbed在床上
(4)go短语:
gohome回家;gotobed上床睡觉;gotoschool去上学;gotowork去上班;goshopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼
六.用与不用冠词的差异
inhospital住院/inthehospital在医院里
gotosea出海/gotothesea去海边
onearth究竟/ontheearth在地球上,在世上
infrontof在……(外部的)前面/inthefrontof在……(内部的)前面
takeplace发生/taketheplace(of)代替
attable进餐/atthetable在桌子旁
bysea乘船/bythesea在海边
infuture从今以后,将来/inthefuture未来
gotoschool(church…)上学(做礼拜…)/gototheschool(church…)到学校(教堂…)去
onhorseback骑着马/onthehorseback在马背上
twoofus我们当中的两人/thetwoofus我们两人(共计两人)
outofquestion毫无疑问/outofthequestion不可能的,办不到的
nextyear明年/thenextyear第二年
ateacherandwriter一位教师兼作家(一个人)/ateacherandawriter一位教师和一位作家(两个人)
语法专项之冠词习题及答案
1.Johnspenttoomuchtimetalkingon____phonewhilewewereallbusyat____work.
A.the;/B.a;/C./;/D.the;the
2.Youcanhave____secondtryifyoufail____firsttime.
A.the;/B./;aC.the;aD.a;the
3.Ididn’ttellhim____newsatoncebecauseIwantedtogivehim____surprise.
A.a;aB.the;theC.the;aD./;the
4.—WhoisyourEnglishteacher?
—Mr.White,____Europeanworkingin____NanjingUniversity.
A.an;theB.a;theC.an;/D.a;/
5.Whenwestudyaglobe,wecansee____isthelargestoceanand____thelargestcontinent.
A.thePacific;AsiaB.Pacific;theAsiaC.thePacific;theAsiaD.Pacific;Asia
6.Thesoldierwaswoundedin____,buthecaughttheenemyofficerby____.
A.theknee;thearmB.hisknee;hisarmC.hisknee;thearmD.theknee;hisarm
7.Accordingtotherecentreports,oneoftherareanimals,____crocodile,isin____dangerofdyingout.
A.the;theB.the;/C./;/D./;the
8.Idon’tknowwhoinvented____telescope,butIthinkitis____mostusefulinvention.
A.the;theB.the;aC.a;theD.a;a
9.Thingsof____kindcometogether;peopleofamindfallinto____samegroup.
A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.the;a
10.Wemustpayspecialattentiontotheidiomsof____Englishlanguage.
A.theB.someC.anD./
11.MybrotherandIwantedtoseethenewplay,butweweren’tabletogettheticketsfor____twoofus.
A./B.theC.amongD.between
12.—Tinalooksespeciallyprettytonight.
—Yes,shealwayslooksherbestin____ofthatcolor.
A.dressB.adressC.thatdressD.thedress
13.WeelectedTom____monitorofourclassfor____secondtime.
A./;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;a
14.Child,don’tworrytoomuchabout____mistakes.They’re____naturalpartoflearningsomething.
A.the;theB./;theC.the;/D./;a
15.—Where’sKate?
—Isupposeshe’sstillin____bed,butshemightjustbein____dining-room.
A./;theB./;/C.the;/D.the;the
16.Judgingfrom____numberofcars,only____smallnumberofpeoplehavecometotheconference.
A.a;theB.a;aC.the;theD.the;a
17.—WhatwasMaryonce?
—Shewas____professorofmedicinebeforesheturned____writer.
A.a;theB.a;/C.the;/D.the;the
18.—Iheartheworkersinhisfactoryarepaidby____week.
—Correct,andmostofthemgetabout400Yuan____week.
A.the;aB.a;theC./;aD.the;/
19.Couldyoudome____favortoturnonthelight?
A.aB.theC./D.some
20.Shearrivedhereby____wayofHongKong.In____wayherhealthismuchimproved,butshestilldoesn’tfeelwell.
A./;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;the
21.Irememberthewriterlivesin____west,soweshouldhead____west.
A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/
22.Youhavemissed____“n”inyourspellingof____word“government”.
A.an;aB.an;theC.a;theD.the;/
23.Aliceisfondofplaying____pianowhileHerryisinterestedinlisteningto_____music.
A./,the B./,/ C.the,/ D.the,the
24.Beyond_____stars,theastronautsawnothingbut_______space.
A.the,/ B./,the C./,/ D.the,the
25.AlexanderGrahamBellinvented_____telephonein1876.
A./ B.a C.the D.one
26.Hesawthroughthelittleboy’stricks______.
A.atglanceB.attheglanceC.atsomeglanceD.ataglance
27.Manypeoplearestillin_______habitofwritingsillythingsin______publicplaces.
A.the,the B./,/ C.the,/ D./,the
28.Sheis__________newcomerto________chemistry,butshehasalreadymadesomeimportant
discoveries.
A.the,the B.the,/ C.a,/ D.a,the
29.—-I’dlike____informationaboutthemanagementofyouhotel,please.
--Well,youcouldhave____wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.
A.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,a
30.Manypeopleagreethat_______knowledgeofEnglishisamustin_______internationaltradetoday.
A.a;不填B.the;anC.the;theD.不填;the
31.-Haveyouseen_______pen?
Ileftitherethismorning.
-Isit_______blackone?
IthinkIsawitsomewhere.
A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a
32.Papermoneywasin_________useinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryinthirteenthcentury.
A.the;不填B.the;theC.不填;theD.不填;不填
33.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwith______animalsof_____differentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.
A.the;aB.不填;aC.the;theD.不填:
the
34.Thewarmthof______sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof_____woolused.
A.the;theB.the;不填C.不填;theD.不填;不填
35.Jumpingoutof_____airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite______excitingexperience.
A.不填;theB.不填;anC.an;anD.the;the
36.Thesignreads“Incaseof_______fire,breaktheglassandpush_____redbutton.”
A.不填;a B.不填;theC.the;theD.a;a
37.Summersin____southofFrancearefor______mostpartdryandsunny.
A./;aB.the;/C./;/D.the;the
38.Mr.Smith,there’samanat______frontdoorwhosayshehas______newsforyouofgreatimportance.
A.the;不填B.the;theC.不填;不填D.不填;the
39Idon’tliketalkingon______telephone;Ipreferwriting______letters.
A.a;the B.the;不填C.the;theD.a;不填
40.There’s______dictionaryon_______deskbyyourside.
A.a;the B.a;aC.the;aD.the;the
41.Onewaytounderstandthousandsofnewwordsistogain_________goodknowledgeofbasicwordformation.
A.不填 B.theC.aD.one
42.Thecakesaredelicious.He’dliketohave______thirdonebecause_______secondoneisrathertoosmall.
A.a;a B.the;theC.a;theD.the;a
43.Iearn10dollars_______houras_______supermarketcashieronSaturdays.
A.a;an B.the;aC.an;aD.an;the
44.Anaccidenthappenedat_______crossroadsafewmetersawayfrom______bank.
A.a;a B.不填;aC.不填;theD.the;不填
45.On______newstoday,therewere______reportsofheavysnowinthatarea.
A.the;the B.the;不填C.不填;不填D.不填;the
46.Themostimportantthingaboutcottoninhistoryis_____partthatitplayedin______IndustrialRevolution.
A.不填;不填 B.the;不填C.the;theD.a;the
47.Itis______worldofwonders,______worldwhereanythingcanhappen.
A.a;the B.a;aC.the;aD.不填;不填
48.Tomowns______largercollectionof______booksthananyotherstudentinourclass.
A.the;不填 B.a;不填C.a;theD.不填;the
49.Whenyoucomehereforyourholidaynexttime,don’tgoto______hotel;Icanfi