Grammar 冠词.docx

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Grammar 冠词.docx

Grammar冠词

冠词

  一.冠词概述

  冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义

  冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。

不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面,表示“一”的意义,但不强调数目观念,只表示名词为不特定者。

  定冠词则表示名词为特定者,表示“这”,“那”,“这些”,“那些”的意思,在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用

  二.a和an的区别

  不定冠词有a和an两种形式,a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前,an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。

  例如:

aboy,auniversity,aEuropeancountry;

  anhour,anhonour,anisland,anelephant,anumbrella

  三.不定冠词的用法

  1.泛指某一类人、事或物;相当于any,这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。

  2.泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。

  3.表示数量,有“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。

  4.表示“每一”,相当于every.例如,Igotoschoolfivedaysaweek.我一周上五天课。

  5.用在序数词前,表示“又一”,“再一”。

例如,Ihavethreebooks.Iwanttobuyafourthone.我已经有三本书,我想买第四本。

  6.用在某些固定词组中:

alot(of)许多,大量;afterawhile过一会儿

  四.定冠词的用法

  1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物,这是定冠词的基本用法。

  2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。

例如:

Openthewindow,please.请打开窗户。

  3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。

例如:

Ihaveacar.Thecarisred.我有一辆小汽车,它是红色的。

  4.指世界上独一无二的事物。

例如:

Whichisbigger,thesunortheearth?

哪一个大,太阳还是地球?

  5.用在序数词,形容词最高级前。

例如:

Thefirstlessonistheeasiestoneinthisbook.第一课是这本书最简单的一课。

  6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。

例如,theGreatWall长城,theUnitedStates美国

  7.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。

例如:

thepoor穷人,theblind盲人

  8用在姓氏复数形式前,表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。

例如:

theGreens格林一家或格林夫妻俩

  9.用在方位词前。

例如:

ontheleft在左边,inthemiddleof在中间

  10.用在乐器名称前。

例如:

Sheplaysthepianoeveryday.她每天弹钢琴。

  11.用在表示海洋,河流,山脉,群岛及国家和党派等名词前。

  例如:

theBlackSea黑海,theYangziRiver长江

  12.用在某些固定词组中:

allthesame仍然;allthetime一直;atthemoment此刻;atthesametime同时;bytheway顺便说;dotheshopping/washing买东西/洗衣服;inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上;intheopenair在户外,在野外

  五.零冠词的用法

  1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。

例如,ClassTwo二班,Tian’anMenSquare天安门广场,water水

  2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my,your,his,her等)、指示代词(this/these,that/those)、不定代词(some,any等)及所有格限制时。

  例如mybook(正);mythebook(误)

  3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。

  例如,Theyareteachers.他们是老师。

  Tigerslikemeat.老虎喜欢吃肉

  4.在星期,月份,季节,节日前。

例如:

onSunday在周日,inMarch在三月,inspring在春天,onWomen’sDay在妇女节

  (特例:

如果月份,季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时,则要加定冠词:

HejoinedtheArmyinthespringof1982.他在1982年春季参军。

  5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。

例如:

Tom汤姆,Mum妈妈

  6.在学科名称,三餐饭和球类运动名称前。

例如:

Ihavelunchatschooleveryday.

  特例:

当football,basketball指具体的某个球时,其前可以用冠词:

Icanseeafootball.我可以看到一只足球。

Where’sthefootball?

那只足球在哪儿?

(指足球,并非“球类运动”)

  7.在表特定的公园,街道,车站,桥,学校等之前。

例如:

No.25MiddleSchool

  8.某些固定词组中不用冠词。

  

(1)与by连用的交通工具名称前:

bybus乘公共汽车;bycar乘汽车;bybike骑/坐自行车;bytrain乘火车;byair/plane乘飞机;bysea/ship乘船,但takeabus,inaboat,onthebike前需用冠词

  

(2)名词词组:

dayandnight日日夜夜;brotherandsister兄弟姐妹;hourafterhour时时刻刻;hereandthere到处

  (3)介词词组:

athome在家;insurprise惊奇地;atnoon在中午;onfoot步行;atnight在晚上;onduty值日;atwork在工作;ontime准时;forexample例如;inclass在上课;onshow展览;inbed在床上

  (4)go短语:

gohome回家;gotobed上床睡觉;gotoschool去上学;gotowork去上班;goshopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼

  六.用与不用冠词的差异

  inhospital住院/inthehospital在医院里

  gotosea出海/gotothesea去海边

  onearth究竟/ontheearth在地球上,在世上

  infrontof在……(外部的)前面/inthefrontof在……(内部的)前面

  takeplace发生/taketheplace(of)代替

  attable进餐/atthetable在桌子旁

  bysea乘船/bythesea在海边

  infuture从今以后,将来/inthefuture未来

  gotoschool(church…)上学(做礼拜…)/gototheschool(church…)到学校(教堂…)去

  onhorseback骑着马/onthehorseback在马背上

  twoofus我们当中的两人/thetwoofus我们两人(共计两人)

  outofquestion毫无疑问/outofthequestion不可能的,办不到的

  nextyear明年/thenextyear第二年

  ateacherandwriter一位教师兼作家(一个人)/ateacherandawriter一位教师和一位作家(两个人)

语法专项之冠词习题及答案

1.Johnspenttoomuchtimetalkingon____phonewhilewewereallbusyat____work.

A.the;/B.a;/C./;/D.the;the

2.Youcanhave____secondtryifyoufail____firsttime.

A.the;/B./;aC.the;aD.a;the

3.Ididn’ttellhim____newsatoncebecauseIwantedtogivehim____surprise.

A.a;aB.the;theC.the;aD./;the

4.—WhoisyourEnglishteacher?

—Mr.White,____Europeanworkingin____NanjingUniversity.

A.an;theB.a;theC.an;/D.a;/

5.Whenwestudyaglobe,wecansee____isthelargestoceanand____thelargestcontinent.

A.thePacific;AsiaB.Pacific;theAsiaC.thePacific;theAsiaD.Pacific;Asia

6.Thesoldierwaswoundedin____,buthecaughttheenemyofficerby____.

A.theknee;thearmB.hisknee;hisarmC.hisknee;thearmD.theknee;hisarm

7.Accordingtotherecentreports,oneoftherareanimals,____crocodile,isin____dangerofdyingout.

A.the;theB.the;/C./;/D./;the

8.Idon’tknowwhoinvented____telescope,butIthinkitis____mostusefulinvention.

A.the;theB.the;aC.a;theD.a;a

9.Thingsof____kindcometogether;peopleofamindfallinto____samegroup.

A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.the;a

10.Wemustpayspecialattentiontotheidiomsof____Englishlanguage.

A.theB.someC.anD./

11.MybrotherandIwantedtoseethenewplay,butweweren’tabletogettheticketsfor____twoofus.

A./B.theC.amongD.between

12.—Tinalooksespeciallyprettytonight.

—Yes,shealwayslooksherbestin____ofthatcolor.

A.dressB.adressC.thatdressD.thedress

13.WeelectedTom____monitorofourclassfor____secondtime.

A./;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;a

14.Child,don’tworrytoomuchabout____mistakes.They’re____naturalpartoflearningsomething.

A.the;theB./;theC.the;/D./;a

15.—Where’sKate?

—Isupposeshe’sstillin____bed,butshemightjustbein____dining-room.

A./;theB./;/C.the;/D.the;the

16.Judgingfrom____numberofcars,only____smallnumberofpeoplehavecometotheconference.

A.a;theB.a;aC.the;theD.the;a

17.—WhatwasMaryonce?

—Shewas____professorofmedicinebeforesheturned____writer.

A.a;theB.a;/C.the;/D.the;the

18.—Iheartheworkersinhisfactoryarepaidby____week.

—Correct,andmostofthemgetabout400Yuan____week.

A.the;aB.a;theC./;aD.the;/

19.Couldyoudome____favortoturnonthelight?

A.aB.theC./D.some

20.Shearrivedhereby____wayofHongKong.In____wayherhealthismuchimproved,butshestilldoesn’tfeelwell.

A./;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;the

21.Irememberthewriterlivesin____west,soweshouldhead____west.

A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/

22.Youhavemissed____“n”inyourspellingof____word“government”.

A.an;aB.an;theC.a;theD.the;/

23.Aliceisfondofplaying____pianowhileHerryisinterestedinlisteningto_____music.

A./,the    B./,/ C.the,/ D.the,the

24.Beyond_____stars,theastronautsawnothingbut_______space.

A.the,/ B./,the C./,/ D.the,the

25.AlexanderGrahamBellinvented_____telephonein1876.

A./ B.a C.the D.one

26.Hesawthroughthelittleboy’stricks______.

A.atglanceB.attheglanceC.atsomeglanceD.ataglance

27.Manypeoplearestillin_______habitofwritingsillythingsin______publicplaces.

A.the,the B./,/ C.the,/ D./,the

28.Sheis__________newcomerto________chemistry,butshehasalreadymadesomeimportant

discoveries.

A.the,the  B.the,/ C.a,/ D.a,the

29.—-I’dlike____informationaboutthemanagementofyouhotel,please.

--Well,youcouldhave____wordwiththemanager.Hemightbehelpful.

A.some,a    B.an,some C.some,some  D.an,a

30.Manypeopleagreethat_______knowledgeofEnglishisamustin_______internationaltradetoday.

A.a;不填B.the;anC.the;theD.不填;the

31.-Haveyouseen_______pen?

Ileftitherethismorning.

-Isit_______blackone?

IthinkIsawitsomewhere.

A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a

32.Papermoneywasin_________useinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryinthirteenthcentury.

A.the;不填B.the;theC.不填;theD.不填;不填

33.Mostanimalshavelittleconnectionwith______animalsof_____differentkindunlesstheykillthemforfood.

A.the;aB.不填;aC.the;theD.不填:

the

34.Thewarmthof______sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof_____woolused.

A.the;theB.the;不填C.不填;theD.不填;不填

35.Jumpingoutof_____airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite______excitingexperience.

A.不填;theB.不填;anC.an;anD.the;the

36.Thesignreads“Incaseof_______fire,breaktheglassandpush_____redbutton.”

A.不填;a  B.不填;theC.the;theD.a;a

37.Summersin____southofFrancearefor______mostpartdryandsunny.

A./;aB.the;/C./;/D.the;the

38.Mr.Smith,there’samanat______frontdoorwhosayshehas______newsforyouofgreatimportance.

A.the;不填B.the;theC.不填;不填D.不填;the

39Idon’tliketalkingon______telephone;Ipreferwriting______letters.

A.a;the   B.the;不填C.the;theD.a;不填

40.There’s______dictionaryon_______deskbyyourside.

A.a;the  B.a;aC.the;aD.the;the

41.Onewaytounderstandthousandsofnewwordsistogain_________goodknowledgeofbasicwordformation.

A.不填  B.theC.aD.one

42.Thecakesaredelicious.He’dliketohave______thirdonebecause_______secondoneisrathertoosmall.

A.a;a   B.the;theC.a;theD.the;a

43.Iearn10dollars_______houras_______supermarketcashieronSaturdays.

A.a;an   B.the;aC.an;aD.an;the

44.Anaccidenthappenedat_______crossroadsafewmetersawayfrom______bank.

A.a;a   B.不填;aC.不填;theD.the;不填

45.On______newstoday,therewere______reportsofheavysnowinthatarea.

A.the;the   B.the;不填C.不填;不填D.不填;the

46.Themostimportantthingaboutcottoninhistoryis_____partthatitplayedin______IndustrialRevolution.

A.不填;不填 B.the;不填C.the;theD.a;the

47.Itis______worldofwonders,______worldwhereanythingcanhappen.

A.a;the   B.a;aC.the;aD.不填;不填

48.Tomowns______largercollectionof______booksthananyotherstudentinourclass.

A.the;不填  B.a;不填C.a;theD.不填;the

49.Whenyoucomehereforyourholidaynexttime,don’tgoto______hotel;Icanfi

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