Grammar 冠词.docx

1、Grammar 冠词冠词一.冠词概述冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词仅用在单数可数名词前面，表示“一”的意义，但不强调数目观念，只表示名词为不特定者。定冠词则表示名词为特定者，表示“这”，“那”，“这些”，“那些”的意思，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用二.a和an的区别不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。例如：a boy,a university,a European country;an hour,an honour,an is

2、land,an elephant,an umbrella三.不定冠词的用法1.泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any，这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。2.泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。3.表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。4.表示“每一”，相当于every. 例如，I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。5.用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。例如，I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.我已经有三本书，我想买第四本。6.用在某些固定词组中：a lot(of)许多，大量；af

3、ter a while过一会儿四.定冠词的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如：Open the window,please.请打开窗户。3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。例如：I have a car.The car is red.我有一辆小汽车，它是红色的。4.指世界上独一无二的事物。 例如：Which is bigger,the sun or the earth?哪一个大，太阳还是地球？5.用在序数词，形容词最高级前。例如：The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.第一课是这本书

4、最简单的一课。6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如，the Great Wall 长城，the United States 美国7.用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。例如:the poor穷人,the blind盲人8用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。例如：the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩9.用在方位词前。例如:on the left在左边，in the middle of在中间10.用在乐器名称前。例如：She plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴。11.用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。例如：the Black Sea

5、黑海，the Yangzi River长江12.用在某些固定词组中：all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同时；by the way顺便说；do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在户外，在野外五.零冠词的用法1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。例如，Class Two二班，Tianan Men Square天安门广场，water水2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词(my，yo

6、ur，his，her等)、指示代词(this/these，that/those)、不定代词(some，any等)及所有格限制时。例如my book(正)；my the book(误)3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。例如，They are teachers.他们是老师。Tigers like meat.老虎喜欢吃肉4.在星期，月份，季节，节日前。例如：on Sunday在周日，in March在三月，in spring在春天，on Womens Day在妇女节(特例：如果月份，季节等被一个限定性定语修饰时，则要加定冠词：He joined the Army in the spring of 19

7、82.他在1982年春季参军。)5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。例如：Tom汤姆，Mum妈妈6.在学科名称，三餐饭和球类运动名称前。例如：I have lunch at school every day.特例：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Wheres the football？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)7.在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。例如：No.25 Middle School8.某些固定词组中不用冠词。(1)与by连用的交通工具名称前：by bus乘公

8、共汽车；by car乘汽车；by bike骑/坐自行车；by train乘火车；by air/plane乘飞机；by sea/ship乘船，但take a bus，in a boat，on the bike前需用冠词(2)名词词组：day and night日日夜夜；brother and sister兄弟姐妹;hour after hour时时刻刻；here and there到处(3)介词词组：at home在家；in surprise惊奇地；at noon在中午;on foot步行；at night在晚上；on duty值日；at work在工作；on time准时；for exampl

9、e例如；in class在上课；on show展览；in bed在床上(4)go短语：go home回家；go to bed上床睡觉；go to school去上学；go to work去上班；go shopping/swimming/boating/fishing去买东西/游泳/划船/钓鱼六.用与不用冠词的差异in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里go to sea出海/go to the sea去海边on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上，在世上in front of在(外部的)前面/in the front of在(内部的)前面take pla

10、ce发生/take the place(of)代替at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁by sea乘船/by the sea在海边in future从今以后，将来/in the future未来go to school(church)上学(做礼拜)/go to the school(church)到学校(教堂)去on horseback骑着马/on the horseback在马背上two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能的，办不到的next year明

11、年/the next year 第二年a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)/a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)语法专项之冠词习题及答案1. John spent too much time talking on _ phone while we were all busy at _ work.A. the; / B. a; / C. /; / D. the; the2. You can have _ second try if you fail _ first time.A. the; / B. /; a C. the; a D

12、. a; the3. I didnt tell him_ news at once because I wanted to give him _ surprise.A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the4. Who is your English teacher? Mr. White, _ European working in _ Nanjing University.A. an; the B. a; the C. an; / D. a; /5. When we study a globe, we can see _ is the largest oc

13、ean and _ the largest continent.A. the Pacific; Asia B. Pacific; the Asia C. the Pacific; the Asia D. Pacific; Asia6. The soldier was wounded in _, but he caught the enemy officer by_.A. the knee; the arm B. his knee; his arm C. his knee; the arm D. the knee; his arm7. According to the recent report

14、s, one of the rare animals, _ crocodile, is in _ danger of dying out.A. the; the B. the; / C. /; / D. /; the8. I dont know who invented _ telescope, but I think it is _ most useful invention.A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a9. Things of _ kind come together; people of a mind fall into _ same g

15、roup.A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; a10. We must pay special attention to the idioms of _ English language.A. the B. some C. an D. /11. My brother and I wanted to see the new play, but we werent able to get the tickets for _ two of us.A. / B. the C. among D. between12. Tina looks especially p

16、retty tonight. Yes, she always looks her best in _ of that color.A. dress B. a dress C. that dress D. the dress13. We elected Tom _ monitor of our class for _ second time.A. /; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; a14. Child, dont worry too much about _ mistakes. Theyre _ natural part of learning something

17、.A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; a15. Wheres Kate? I suppose shes still in _ bed, but she might just be in _ dining-room.A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the16. Judging from _ number of cars, only _ small number of people have come to the conference.A. a; the B. a; a C. the; the D. the; a17

18、. What was Mary once? She was _ professor of medicine before she turned _ writer.A. a; the B. a; / C. the; / D. the; the18. I hear the workers in his factory are paid by _ week. Correct, and most of them get about 400 Yuan _ week.A. the; a B. a; the C. /; a D. the; /19. Could you do me _ favor to tu

19、rn on the light?A. a B. the C. / D. some20. She arrived here by _ way of Hong Kong. In _ way her health is much improved, but she still doesnt feel well.A. /; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the21. I remember the writer lives in _ west, so we should head _ west.A. the; the B. the; / C. /; the D. /; /2

20、2. You have missed _ “n” in your spelling of _ word “government”.A. an; a B. an; the C. a; the D. the; /23. Alice is fond of playing _ piano while Herry is interested in listening to _ music.A. /, the B. /, /C. the, /D. the, the24. Beyond _ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _ space.A. the, /B. /,

21、 theC. /, /D. the, the25. Alexander Graham Bell invented _ telephone in 1876.A. /B. aC. theD. one26. He saw through the little boys tricks _.A. at glance B. at the glance C. at some glance D. at a glance27. Many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public places.A. the, theB. /,

22、/C. the, /D. /, the28. She is _ newcomer to _ chemistry, but she has already made some importantdiscoveries.A. the, the B. the, /C. a, /D. a, the29.-Id like _ information about the management of you hotel, please.-Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful.A. some, a B. an, so

23、meC. some, some D. an, a30. Many people agree that_ knowledge of English is a must in_ international trade today.A. a; 不填 B. the; an C. the; the D.不填; the31. Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning.Is it _ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a32. Pape

24、r money was in_ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in thirteenth century.A. the; 不填 . the; the C.不填; the D.不填; 不填33. Most animals have little connection with_ animals of _different kind unless they kill them for food.A. the; a .不填; a C. the; the D.不填: the34. The warmth of _sweater will

25、 of course be determined by the sort of _wool used.A. the; the .the; 不填 C.不填; the D.不填; 不填35. Jumping out of _airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _exciting experience.A.不填;the .不填; an C. an; an D. the; the36. The sign reads “In case of _fire, break the glass and push _ red button.”A.不填; a .不填; th

26、e C. the; the D. a; a37. Summers in_ south of France are for _ most part dry and sunny.A. /; a . the; / C. /; / D. the; the38. Mr. Smith, theres a man at _front door who says he has _news for you of great importance.A. the; 不填 .the; the C.不填; 不填 D.不填; the39 I dont like talking on_ telephone; I prefe

27、r writing _letters.A. a; the .the; 不填 C. the; the D. a; 不填40. Theres _dictionary on_desk by your side.A. a; the .a; a C. the; a D. the; the41. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _good knowledge of basic word formation.A.不填 . the C .a D. one42. The cakes are delicious. Hed like t

28、o have _ third one because _second one is rather too small.A. a; a . the; the C. a; the D. the; a43. I earn 10 dollars _ hour as _supermarket cashier on Saturdays.A. a; an . the; a C. an; a D. an; the44. An accident happened at _crossroads a few meters away from _bank.A. a; a .不填; a C.不填; the D. the

29、; 不填45. On _ news today, there were _ reports of heavy snow in that area.A. the; the B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; the46. The most important thing about cotton in history is _ part that it played in _ Industrial Revolution.A.不填;不填 . the;不填 C. the; the D. a; the47. It is _ world of wonders, _ world where anything can happen.A. a; the .a; a C. the; a D.不填; 不填48. Tom owns _ larger collection of _ books than any other student in our class.A. the; 不填 .a; 不填 C. a; the D.不填; the49. When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _ hotel; I can fi