宾语从句与感叹句.docx
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宾语从句与感叹句
、感叹句
1.感叹句通常有what,how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。
what修饰名词，how修饰形容词，副词或动词，
2.感叹句结构主要有以下几种：
How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语How+形容词+a+名词+主语+谓语
What+a/an+形容词+名词单数+主语+谓语What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语
What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语
Whataninterestingstoryitis!
Whatfineweatheritis!
Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!
【说明】在感叹句中，Whata/an常用来修饰单数可数名词，若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用an。
what是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。
但有些不可数名词，如rain,surprise,breakfast,lunch等，当前面有形容词修饰，使抽象名词具体化时，则要用whata/an，如：
Whataheavyrainitis!
Whatagreatsurpriseitis!
Whatarichbreakfastitis!
3.感叹句的省略
常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词be。
Whatanaughtyboy（heis）
4.陈述句变感叹句：
陈述句变为感叹句，可遵循“一断、二加、三换位、四改号”的原则。
一断：
将原来的陈述句断成两部分，在谓语动词后断开。
二加：
加适当的感叹词，断开的后半部分的中心词如果是名词，则要加what；如果是形容词或副词，则要加how。
如有very,too,quite等词应去掉。
三换位：
把改变后第一、二部分前后调整位置。
注意句中有关单词的大小写。
四改号：
把原来的句号改为感叹号。
Heisagoodstudent.Heis/agoodstudent.Heis（what）agood
student.Whatagoodstudentheis.Whatagoodstudentheis！
Sheworksveryhard.Sheworks/veryhard.Sheworks（how）hard.
Howhardsheworks.
Howhardsheworks!
xx：
用what,whata/an,how填空：
1.niceskirtitis!
2.interestingthefilmis!
3.beautifultheparkare!
4.deliciousfooditis!
5.carelessthemanis!
6.wonderfulideas!
7.lovelythebabyis!
8.coldweatheritis!
9.cleverboy（heis）!
10.interestingfilmthisis!
把下列句子改为感叹句：
1.Howlazytheboyis!
2.Whatanexcitingmovieitis!
11.Look!
fasttheboyisrunning!
12.colddayitwasyesterday!
13.heavytheboxis!
Ican'tcarryit.
14.interestingstoryhetoldus!
15.nicethemooncakesare!
16.badweather!
17.cleverchildrenallofyouare!
18.importantnewsthatis!
19.timeflies!
20.beautifulflowersyouboughtme!
3.Whatdeliciousapplestheyare!
4.Howpurethewateris!
5．Whatacarefulwomansheis!
6．Theyarerunningfast.
7．Hersisterisaverylovelygirl.
选择题：
1.finetheweatheris!
a.Whatab.Whatc.Howd.Howa
2.___foodyou
vecooked!
a.Howaniceb.Whatanicec.Howniced.Whatnice
3.greatfuntheyhad!
a.Whatab.Whatc.Howd.Howa
4.heavyrainitwas!
a.Whatab.Whatc.Howd.Howa
5.funplacetogoShanghaiis!
a.Whatab.Whatc.Howd.Howa
6.happylifetheoldlive!
a.Whatab.Whatc.Howd.Howa
7.nicefishtheycooked!
a.Whatab.Whatc.Howd.Howa
8.bluetheskyis!
a.Whatab.Whatc.Howd.Howa
9.___usefulworkyoudid!
a.Whatb.Howc.Whatad.Howa
10.timeyouhad!
a.Whatgoodb.Howgoodc.Whatagoodd.Howagood
time
11.___excitingmomentitis!
a.Whatb.Howc.Whatad.Whatan
12.___niceshoes!
a.Whatb.Howc.Whatad.Howa
13.___shesings!
a.Howwellb.Howgoodc.Whatwelld.Whatgood
14.___fasttheboysarerunning!
a.Whatb.Howc.Whatad.Howa
15.___theschoolis!
a.Whatbigc.Howbigc.Whatabigd.Howabig二、宾语从句
1、概念：
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句分为三类：
动词的宾语从句；介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
宾语从句中要用陈述句的语序。
2、宾语从句的连接词
1）从属连词主要有：
that；if；whether。
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，that没有词汇意义，在从句中不充当任何句子成分，常省略；if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句。
Hetoldthathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.2连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever，whatever,whichever等，在从句中可充当主语、宾语等。
连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述.
Idon'tknowwhomyoushoulddependo我不知道你该依靠谁.
ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsknow.
3）连接副词主要有when,where,why,how等，在从句中充当状语。
Hedidn'ttellmewhenwsheouldmeetagain.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyougettothenewhotel?
Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.
宾语从句的引导词的选择坚持两个原则：
看这个引导词的具体词汇意义；看这个引导词是否在从句中充当句子成分。
3、动词的宾语从句
1）大多数动词都可以带宾语从句。
2.）部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句。
Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.
Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?
3）动词短语也可以带宾语从句
makesure确保makeupone'sm下决心keepinmind牢记
Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.
4、介词的宾语从句
Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.
ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.
5、形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:
sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised.
IamsureIwillpasstheexam.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.
HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.
6、if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
1介词后一般不用if
2whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.
3在不定式前只能用whether。
如：
Ican'tdecidewhethertost我｝不能决定是否留下。
7、宾语从句的时态
1）当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
2）当主句为过去时的时候，从句的时态也要用过去的某种时态。
如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化。
Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.
当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问，且句中含有doyouthink/believe等时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首。
Whodoyouthinkthepublicmightchooseastheirfavoritesingerthisyear?
A.if;Whether
B.whether;Whether
C.if;That
D.if;If
2.Idon'tknowthedayaftertomorrow.
3.Couldyoutellmetheradiowithoutanyhelp?
A.howdidhemend
B.whatdidhemend
C.howhemended
D.whathemended
4.Iwanttoknow.
A.whomisshelookingafter
B.whomsheislooking
C.whomisshelooking
D.whomsheislookingafter
5.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow.
A.whatistheirstockingsin
B.whatisintheirstockings
C.whereistheirstockingsin
D.whatintheirstockings
10.Ican'tunderstand.
A.whatdoesChristmasmean
B.whatChristmasdoesmean
C.whatmeanChristmasdoes
D.whatChristmasmeans
11.Thestudentswanttoknowwhethertheydictationtoday.
A.had
B.has
C.willhave
D.are
12.Ihardlyunderstand.hehastoldme.
A.that
B.what
C.which
D.who
13.Theydon'tknowtheirparentsare.
A.that
B.what
C.why
D.which
14.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper___WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.
A.that
B.how
C.what
D.if
A.why
B.when
C.how
D.where
16.—Weneverknow___theoldmanis.—Theysayheisateacher（.鄂州市）
A.what
B.who
C.which
D.where
A.thathow
B.howthat
C.whenthat
D.thatwhen
18.Heaskedme__Iwassuremymother
A.／;bought
B.has;bought
C.did;buy
D.does;buy
20.—WhereisJack?
—Heisawaytospendhisholiday.He'sgoneeithertoHangzhouortoWuhan,butI'mnotsure___.
A.that
B.which
C.where
D.there
21.Theteachertoldthechildrenthatthesunround.
A.was
B.is
C.were
D.are
22.Ibelievethatourteamthebasketballmatch.
A.win
B.won
C.willwin
D.wins
23.1don'tknowtovisittheoldman.
A.whether
B.if
C.that
D.who
24.__Tomdidn'tgotoschool?
A.Doyouknowhow
B.Whydoyouknow
C.Howyouknowwhy
D.Doyouknowwhy
25.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?
Couldyoutellus（?
改写句子）
CouldyoutellusMr.BrownlivinginChina?
26.Whendoesthetrainleave?
Iwanttoknow.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
Iwanttoknowthetrain.
LiLeiwantstoknowPeterhereyesterday.
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