中南林业科技大学 毕业论文.docx

中南林业科技大学 毕业论文.docx

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中南林业科技大学毕业论文

毕业论文

学生姓名：

学号:

学　　院：

外国语学院

专业：

英语

论文题目：

DesertedChrysanthemums,DisillusionedDesire——InterpretationofSymbolismin“TheChrysanthemums”

丢弃的菊花，破灭的渴望——《菊花》的象征主义解读

指导教师：

评阅教师：

2010年05月18日

DesertedChrysanthemums,DisillusionedDesire——InterpretationofSymbolismin“TheChrysanthemums”

By

ZENGXiaoyi

THESIS

SubmittedinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfor

TheDegreeofBachelorofArts

IntheCollegeofForeignStudiesof

CentralSouthUniversityofForestry&Technology

Supervisor:

AssociateProfessorXXX

May2010

CentralSouthUniversityofForestry&Technology

TableofContents

Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………….…..……..…

Abstract……………..………………..……………………………………………………….....

摘要……………………………………………………………………………………...…….

1Introduction……………………………………………………………….……….1

2TheStatusquoofResearchonTheChrysanthemums…………………………….2

2.1TherelevantresearchonTheChrysanthemums………………………………3

2.2Themotivationandfeasibilityofmystudy…………………………….……...5

3TheTheoreticalFoundation——Symbolism……………………………………….7

4TheSymbolisminTheChrysanthemums………………………………………….7

4.1Thesymbolicmeaninginnaturalscenery…………..…………….........……..8

4.1.1Thesymbolicmeaninginthesetting……………………………………...8

4.1.2Thesymbolicmeaninginthegardenandfence………………………….10

4.2Thesymbolicmeaningincharacters…………………………………………11

4.2.1Thesymbolicmeaninginthepersonalityofthecharacters……………….124.2.2Thesymbolicmeaningintheconnectionofthecharacters……………….17

4.3Thesymbolicmeaningintheimagechrysanthemum………………………...19

4.4Thesymbolicmeaninginthewritingdevices……………………………........22

5Conclusion……………………………………………………………………........24

References…………………………………………………………………………......25

Acknowledgements

Iwouldliketomakeuseofthisopportunitytoshowmyheartygratitudetomanypeople.FirstIparticularlyappreciatetheguidanceofmytutor,AssociateProfessorDENGManjiao,whogavemealotofvaluableinstructionsanddetailedcorrection,andshealsotriedherbesttosupplymewiththebeststudyconditionstopreparemythesis.Itisherkindnessthatmademefinallyabletocompletethisthesis.Myappreciationalsogoestomyclassmates,whogavemehelpandsuggestionswhenIhadtroubles.Finally,Iwouldliketoexpressmythankstoallmyfriendsfortheirencouragementandsupportinmywork.

Abstract

TheChrysanthemumswaswrittenbyAmericannovelistSteinbeck.Theworkhadcausedgreatattentioninthecontemporarycriticalcircle.Itwasregardedas“oneofthegreatestshortnovelintheworld”.

Inthisnovel,Steinbecksuccessfullyexpressedhisviewwiththeemploymentofsymbolism.Symbolismhadbeenusedthroughoutthenovelanditwasalsotheusageofsymbolismwhichhadbroughtvigorandvitalitytothewholenovel.SymbolismisofgreatsignificanceinTheChrysanthemums.

SincetheworkTheChrysanthemumswaspublished,mostresearchesabouttheworkwasdoneonitsfeminismandrealism,whiletheseonthesymbolismwerecomparatinglyscarce.ThethesisaimstoanalyzethespecificsymbolicmeaninginTheChrysanthemumsfromthefourmainfactors――naturalscenery,characters，theimageandwritingdevicesinthenovel.Thethesiscitesthesymbolismtheorytofurtherillustratethegreatsignificanceoftheemploymentofsymbolisminliterature.

KeyWords:

TheChrysanthemums;symbolism;interpretation;womenawareness

摘要

斯坦贝克的短篇小说菊花一经出版就引起了评论界的很大关注和争议，被誉为“世界上最伟大的短篇小说之一”。

在这部作品中，斯坦贝克成功地借助象征手法表达自己深层次的思想。

象征手法的使用贯穿全文，它使得整部作品都充满了生机与活力。

象征手法在该作品中具有至关重要的作用。

自《菊花》发表以来，有关它的研究主要围绕它的女性主义和现实主义展开，而对于象征手法的研究则缺乏系统地分析。

本文主要从该作品中的自然景观、人物、意象、写作手法四大要素中系统地分析象征手法的运用，并阐述其具体的象征含义。

本文引用了象征主义的理论来进一步揭示象征手法在文学创作中的重要意义。

关键词：

《菊花》；象征主义；解读；女性意

1Introduction

BorninSalinas,CaliforniaonFebruary27,1902,JohnSteinbecksetmuchofhiswritingsintheSalinasValleynearSanFrancisco.Steinbeck’slifelonginterestinthemysteryandbeautyofnaturebeganwithhisboyhoodexperiencewithanimals,birds,treesandflowerswhichwereabundantinandoutsideSalinas.Steinbeck’sfatherwasacountytreasurer.Fromhismother,ateacher,Steinbecklearnedtolovebooks.Steinbeckattendedthelocalhighschoolandworkedonfarmsandranchesduringhisvacations.Between1920and1926,hestudiedmarinebiologyatStanfordUniversity,butdidnottakeadegree.Severalofhisearlypoemsandshortstoriesappearedinuniversitypublications.AfterspendingashorttimeasalaborerandreporterinNewYorkCityfortheAmerican,SteinbeckreturnedtoCalifornia.Whilewriting,Steinbecktookoddjobs.Hewasapprenticepainter,caretakerofanestate,surveyor,andfruit-picker.Theselifeexperiencesenrichedhiswritings.Hismostimportantwritingswerefromhisfirst-handexperience.Hisearlywritingsweremostlyaboutromanticstories.WhenhewasasawatchmanofahouseintheHighSierra,Steinbeckwrotehisfirstromanticbook:

CupofGold（1929）.AfterthathewrotesomeotherromanticbookssuchasThePastureofHeavenandToaGodUnknown.Hisperfectreflectionsofthe1930searnedhimPulitzerPrizein1940（TheGrapesofWrath）,andin1962,aNobelPrizeforLiterature.

TheChrysanthemumswaswrittenin1934andwasincludedinSteinbeck’sonlyshortnovelcollectionTheLongValley.Whenitwaspublished,thisnovelwaswellreceivedbythereadersandthecritics.ItwasregardedasthemostsuccessfulnovelofSteinbeckandoneofthegreatestshortnovelsintheworld.Asamalewriter,Steinbeck’sworksmainlyfocusonthepoor-classpeopleandfemalecharactersseldomappearinhisworks.Inthisnovel,Steinbeckportrayedanunforgettablefemalecharacterandrevealedwomen’sdifficultpositionandharddestinyinthe1930sofAmerica.Thoughtheplotissimpleandthenarrationisuncomplicated,Steinbeckdepictedthemindworldandthementalprogressofawomanwholivedinasocietydominatedbythemen.

2TheStatusquoofResearchonTheChrysanthemums

InthenovelTheChrysanthemumsSteinbecksuccessfullycreatedseveraltypicalcharacterswithanunusuallynarrativestructure.Onetypicalfeaturesofthenovelwastheusageofsymbolism.TheauthorSteinbecksuccessfullyexpressedhisviewbytheemploymentofsymbolism.SymbolismhasgreatsignificanceinTheChrysanthemums.However,mostoftheresearchdoneonTheChrysanthemumswasthroughtheanalysisaboutitsfeminismandrealism.

2.1TherelevantresearchaboutTheChrysanthemums

Astothefeminism,afemalereadersaidthatthisnovelpresentsastoryaboutafemaleElisaAllenfromaspectsofsettingandcharactertoexplorethegrowthprogressofElisa’spersonalityandtofindouttherichfeministmeaningsbehindit.（郑玲玲，2006）

Anotherwritersaidthatintheshortstory,thefamousAmericannovelistJohnSteinbeckdescribesobjectivelythestateoftheexistenceoftheheroineElisaandtherepressionfromthenatureenvironment,phalluscultureandsexualconsciousnessthatElisareceivesasafemale.（段艳丽，2007）

Ecofeministsemphasizestheidentityandthecloserelationsbetweennatureandfemale,andthinkthatthemale’soppressionthatthefemalebearisequaltothehumancivilization’soppressionthatnaturehas.InJohnSteinbeck’sTheChrysanthemum,thisthemeisreflectedbythedescriptionofElisaAllen’sdeepfeelingsofthechrysanthemums,andHenry’sandthetinker’sattitudestowardsthem,whichhasprofoundandlastingsignificance.（刘红娥，2008）

Astotherealism，ascholartriestodohispapertointerprettheshortstoryinlightofSigmundFreud’ssexandpsychoanalyticaltheorysothatthereaderscanfullyunderstanditstheme.（冯瑞贞，2003）

AndanotheronebelievesthatJohnSteinbeckexploredhardintothesocialproblemsofhistimeandtriestorepresentthemintohisworks.Itisnowonderhisworksaremostlycarriedrealism-thisliterarymodeofwritingthatgivesimpressionofrecordingandsometimesreflectingfaithfullytheactuallifeofthe1930s.（龙中莲，2009）

AccordingtoLIUYingandWULin,TheChrysanthemums,oneofthemostfamousshortfictionsofthewell-knownAmericannovelist,JohnSteinbeck,successfullydepictsawomanfrustratedbythereality.ThecontrastingdescriptionsrevealElisa’sconflictingattitudestowardsherselfandsocietyaswellasthecontradictionbetweenherdreamandtherealityintherealizationofself-valueasafemaleinman-dominatedsociety.TheanalysisofcontrastingdescriptionscanhelpreadersfindoutthattherootofElisa’spsychologicalstruggleandcontinualrestraintlieinthecognitivelimitationtothefemalerolebysociety.（刘莹，2009）

Finally,ascholarsaidthatthethemeoftheshortstorybearsitsambiguityandappealforreaderstoexplorefurther,whichiscloselyrelatedtoitsdramaticnarrativemode,onethatcallsforreaders’activeparticipationtoseekmorereasonableinterpretations.Thethemeofthisshortstoryaimsatrevealingatragicfactthatfemale’sspiritualpursuitsaretotallyignoredevenobjectedbythesurroundingworld,andthisalsoreflectsthedeepcrisisofisolationandcommitmentexistedinthehumanbeing’sspiritualstate.（孔瑞，2009）

2.2Themotivationandfeasibilityofmystudy

SincethepublicationofTheChrysanthemums,manyreadershavedonemuchresearchonthefeminismandrealism.Thereisnodoubtthatsymbolismplaysanimportantroleinthework.However,manyreadersjusthavedonesomeresearchesonthispointsparsely.Therefore,thereisalackofsystematicanalysesofsymbolisminthisnovelandthedeepreasonofsocialbackgroundlaidinsymbolism.Theuseofsymbolismiscreativeandchangeable.Manyreadersmayhavedifferentideasonthesamething.

Steinbeckemployedsymbolismmanytimesintheworkandhadinfluencedm