模糊限制语在英语新闻中的语用.docx

模糊限制语在英语新闻中的语用.docx

《模糊限制语在英语新闻中的语用.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《模糊限制语在英语新闻中的语用.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

模糊限制语在英语新闻中的语用

Abstract

Asanimportantpartoffuzzylanguage,hedgeswerefirstputforwardbyGeorgeLakoffin1972.Alongwiththedevelopmentoffuzzylinguists,therehasbeenanincreasinginterestinhedges;agrowinginterestamonghedgeshasemergedtoexplorethefieldoflexicology,pragmatics,discoursesanalysistranslationandsecondacquisition,andotherfields.ThePragmaticFunctionofHedgesinNewshasalsobeenoneoftheresearchinterestsinthestudiesofhedges.However,thestudyonthisaspectofhedgesisverylimited.

Newslanguageisdifferentfromgeneraltexts,itneedstoexpressbrieflyandaccurately.However,onsomespecialoccasions,theapplicationofhedgescanplayavitalroleinnewslanguage.ThisdissertationaimstoconductastudyontheapplicationofhedgesinEnglishnewsanditspragmaticfunctions,inthehopetohelpreadersknowbetteraboutEnglishnewsandthenecessityofhedgesinnewslanguage.Thefirstpartofthispaperisanintroduction,givingabriefintroductiontothewritingbackgroundandpurpose.Then,theauthorintroducesaboutthedefinitionandclassificationofhedgesaswellasthetheoreticalbasisofthispaper:

cooperativeprinciple;politenessprincipleaswellasfacetheory.Then,theauthordiscussesonthelanguagefeaturesofEnglishnews.Next,theauthorfocusesontheapplicationofhedgesinEnglishnewsaswellasitspragmaticfunctions.Thelastpartisaconclusion,inwhichthewholepaperwillbesummarized.

Keywords：

Englishnews;Hedges;Pragmaticfunction

摘要

模糊限制语作为模糊语言重要的一部分，由GeorgeLakoff于1972年首次提出。

随着模糊语言学的发展，模糊限制语得到越来越多的关注，对模糊限制的探索延伸到词汇学、语用学、语篇翻译分析、二语习得等领域。

模糊限制语在新闻中的语用功能已成为研究对象之一，然而，有关模糊限制语在这方面的研究非常有限。

新闻语言不同于一般的文体，它要求精确简洁地表达。

但在一些特殊情况下，模糊语言的运用反而可以起到很好的作用。

本文旨在探讨模糊语在新闻英语中的运用及其语用功能，力求帮助读者更好地理解英语新闻和揭示模糊限制语在新闻语言中存在的必要性。

本文首先是一个引言，简单介绍了论文写作背景及意义。

进而介绍了模糊语概念分类以及本文写作的相关理论知识：

合作原则、礼貌原则以及面子理论。

并在分析新闻英语的语言特点的基础上，着重阐述了模糊语言在新闻英语中的英语及其语用功能。

第五章是论文的结论部分，总结了全文。

关键词:

英语新闻；模糊限制语；语用功能

Contents

Abstract...........................................................................................................................................i

摘要ii

1.Introduction................................................................................................................................1

1.1Rationale1

1.2Aimandobjectives1

1.3Researchmethodanddatacollection1

1.4Organizationofthedissertation2

2.LiteratureReview......................................................................................................................3

2.1Introduction3

2.2Definitionsofhedges3

2.2.1Classificationofhedges3

2.2.2Previousstudiesonhedges4

2.3Theoreticalframework4

2.3.1Grice’sCooperativePrinciple5

2.3.2Leech’sPolitenessPrinciple6

2.3.3Brown&Levinson’sFaceTheory7

3.ReasonsforHedgesinEnglishNews........................................................................................9

3.1Introduction9

3.2CharacteristicsofEnglishnews9

3.2.1Timely9

3.2.2Objective9

3.2.3Informative10

3.2DemandofEnglishnewscharacteristics10

4.PragmaticFunctionofHedgesinNews.................................................................................12

4.1Introduction12

4.2Beingcooperative12

4.2.1Violationofmaximofquality12

4.2.2Violationofmaximofquantity12

4.3Beingpolite13

4.4Savingface13

4.4.1Savingreporter’sface13

4.4.2Savingreader’sface14

5.Conclusion................................................................................................................................16

5.1Majorfindings16

5.2Limitationandsuggestion16

References.....................................................................................................................................17

Appendix.......................................................................................................................................18

Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................19

1.Introduction

1.1Rationale

Fuzzinessisoneoftheessentialfeaturesofnaturallanguage,anditsimportanceisnotlessthanotherlanguagefeaturesfoundearly.Asanimportantpartoffuzzylanguage,hedgeswerefirstputforwardbyGeorgeLakoffin1972.Hedgesarewidelyusedintradenegotiationsandpolitical,diplomaticandlegaltermsandnews.Withstronglanguageapplication,thePragmaticFunctionofHedgesinNewshasalsobeenoneoftheresearchinterestsinthestudiesofhedges.However,thestudyonthisaspectofhedgeshasn’tbeentotallydeveloped.Quiteafewpeopleusuallyheldtheviewthataccuracyisthemostimportantcharacteristicofnewswriting.Butambiguityistheessenceofnaturallanguageattributes.Hedgesreferstothatpeoplesometimescouldnotsaywithprecision,andevendeliberatelyput“fuzzy”inordertoachieveapragmaticpurposelanguage.Ambiguityreferstothelanguageofuncertainty.Innewsreport,thejournalistadherestoLeech’spolitenessprinciple,Grice’scooperativeprincipleandfacetheory.TheapplicationofhedgesinEnglishNewsfollowtwogeneralprinciplesofcommunicationrelatedtolanguageuse,namelytheCooperativePrinciple,PolitenessPrinciple,andFaceTheory.Yule（ascitedinAnIntroductiontoLinguistics2011:

118）,pointedout,“Someonewhousehedgesarenotonlyawareofthemaximums,butthattheyarewillingtoshowtheyaretryingtoobservethoseprinciples”.ThisdissertationaimstoconductastudyontheapplicationofhedgesinEnglishnewsanditspragmaticfunctions,inthehopetohelpreadersknowbetteraboutEnglishnewsandthenecessityofhedgesinnewslanguage.

1.2Aimandobjectives

Thedissertationisprimarilyconcernedwiththefollowingthreeresearchquestions:

（ⅰ）Whatistherelationbetweentheapplicationofhedgesandthecharacteristicsofnews?

（ⅱ）WhatprincipleshouldbefollowedwhenhedgesareappliedtoEnglishnews?

（ⅲ）What’sthepragmaticfunctionofhedgesinEnglishnews?

ThisthesiswillstudyontheapplicationofhedgesinEnglishnewsanditspragmaticfunctions,itishopedthatthisstudywillbenefitEnglishnewsreadersandwriters.Thesignificanceofthisthesisisboththeoreticalandpractical.AgoodknowledgeofpragmaticfunctionsofhedgesinEnglishnewswillprovideinsightsfornewsreadingandinterpretationincertainsocialcontexts,andgivesomeinspirationforthewritingofnews.

1.3Researchmethodanddatacollection

Thecorpusconsistsof15piecesofEnglishnews,whicharechosenfromChinadaily,andTheNewYorkTimes.Thesethreenewspapersarewidelyreadbypeople,sothisdissertationcollectsdatafromthem.ThesesamplesEnglishNewspublishedduring2010-2012,whichareselectedatrandomfromcurrentEnglishnewsthatturnupintwomainnewspapersavailableatschoollibraryandInternet.

DataanalysisisusedinordertocharacterizetheprincipalformsofhedgesintherepresentativesamplesofEnglishnews.Byanalyzingthemajorhedgingexpressionsandthefrequenciesappearedinnews,thedissertationcanclearlyrevealthepragmaticfunctionsofhedgesinEnglishnews.

1.4Organizationofthedissertation

Thedissertationisdividedintofivechapters.ChapterOnebrieflyintroducestherationale,aimandobjectives,anddatacollectionoftheresearch.ChapterTworelatesthereviewofliteraturetothehedges,andtheoreticalframeworkofpresentstudy.ChapterThreesummarizesthecharacteristicsofEnglishnewsandthereasonfortheexistenceofhedgesinEnglishnews.ChapterFouristhemainbodyofthedissertationinwhichtwoprinciplesforanalysisoutlinedinChapterTwoisappliedtoanalyzethecollecteddatatoindicatepragmaticfunctionsofhedgesinEnglishnewsandfurthercombineswiththenewslanguagefeaturetoexplainthepracticalfunctionofhedges.ChapterFivedrawsconclusions,discusseslimitationsofthedissertationandsuggestsfurtherresearch.

2.LiteratureReview

2.1Introduction

Thischapterbeginswiththereviewofconceptsofhedgesandtheclassificationforthehedgesandatthesametimeitdiscussesrelatedstudiesonhedgesinnewsreports.Thefinalsectionofthischapteroutlinesthetheoreticalframeworkthatwillbeappliedinthesubsequentchapter.

2.2Definitionsofhedges

Fuzzinessisoneoftheessentialfeaturesofnaturallanguage,anditsimportanceisnotlessthanotherlanguagefeaturesfoundearly.Asanimportantpartoffuzzylanguage,HedgeswerefirstproposedbytheU.S.linguistLakoffwhoproposeditin1972andbegantostudyit,anditwasdefinedas“Wordswhosejobistomakethingsfuzzyorlessfuzzy”.AccordingtotheoxfordconcisedictionaryoflinguistswithChinesetranslation,hedgeisalinguisticdevicebywhichaspeakeravoidsbeingcomprisedbyastatementthatturnsouttobewrong,arequestthatisnotacceptable,andsoon.

2.2.1Classificationofhedges

Arisingfromnounifieddefinitionofhedge,researchersmayholddifferentviewsofthecategorizationsofhedges.Prince（1982）claimsthatthereareatleasttwokindsofhedgesfromsemanticandpragmaticperspectives,oneisapproximator（containadaptorandrounder）,andtheothertypeofitisshield（containattributionandplausibility）.Athome,WuTieping（1999：

71）arguesthathedgescanbeclassifiedintofourkindsfromtheviewpointofgrammar.Thefirstkindissomeadjectivesandadverbs,suchasoften,very,possibly,perhapsetc.Thesecondkindissomesuffixes,suchas“-ish”,“-like”.Iftheyareusedaftersomewords,hedgeswillbeformed.Thethirdkindissomephrases.Whenspeakersorwriters’haveuncertaintyandindecisiveviewtowardssomething,theywillusesomephra