房屋建筑学House Architecture.docx

房屋建筑学House Architecture.docx

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房屋建筑学HouseArchitecture

房屋建筑学（HouseArchitecture）

Reviewingandthinkingabouthousingarchitecture

Firstarticles

Firstchapters

Whatarethetwoaspectsofarchitecturaldesign?

Whatarethedifferencesintheirspecificresearchcontent?

（P1）

Architecturaldesignincludestwoaspects.Mainlyreferstothestudyofarchitecturalspace,aswellasthestudyofbuildingentitiesformingarchitecturalspace.

Buildingspaceisaplaceforpeopletouse,theirsize,shape,compositionandcirculationrelationsarecloselyrelatedtotheusefunction,andoftenreflectaspiritualdemand.

Thebuildingshouldalsomeetmanyothermaterialrequirements,suchaswaterproof,heatinsulation,thermalinsulation,etc..Therefore,intheprocessofarchitecturaldesign,designersmustpayattentiontothestudyofbuildingentities.Thebuildingentityhasboththeusevalueandtheornamentalvalue.Itsusevalueisdefinedastheroleofspace,anditsornamentalvaluereferstotheformationoftheroleofarchitecturalform.

Severalaspectsconstitutethecommonbuildingmaterialsfromthetypeandstructureofsupportingsystemofrelations,buildingenvelope,separationsystemandtheirdetailedstructureintroducedtothebuildingentityinvolvedinallaspectsofresearch.

Understandingtheclassificationofbuildings,masteringthemaincomponentsofabuildingandtheirfunctions;（P3）

Buildingsareusuallydividedintotwocategories:

productiveandnonproductivebuildings.

Productivebuildingscanbedividedintodifferentcategories,suchasindustrialbuildings,agriculturalbuildings,etc.accordingtotheirproductioncontents,nonproductivebuildingsmaybecollectivelyreferredtoascivilbuildings.

Civilbuildingscanbesubdividedintotwomajorcategories:

residentialbuildingsandpublicbuildingsaccordingtotheirfunctions.

Residentialbuildingsgenerallyincludehomesanddormitories.

Publicbuildingscoverawiderangeandcanberoughlydividedintotheirfunctionalfeatures:

Theservicelifeofbuildings,culturalbuildings,architecturalconstruction,scientificresearch,medicalbuildings,commercialbuildings,officebuildings,trafficadministrativebuilding,building,building,communicationandbroadcastingofsportstheaterbuilding,exhibitionbuilding,hotelbuilding,gardenbuildings,monuments,religiousbuildingsetc..

Whataretheothersystemsthatrelatetothemainstructureofthebuilding?

（P6）

Electricity,telecommunications,lighting,watersupply,drainage,heating,ventilation,airconditioning,fireprotection,etc..

Secondchapters

1.,architecturaldesignproceduresaregenerallydividedintoseveralstages?

Whatarethedifferencesindesignproceduresforsmall,technicallysimpleorcomplexengineeringprojects?

Asthedesignprocesscontinues,howdoesthedesigndocumentchange?

（P7）

Architecturaldesignprocedurescangenerallybedividedintoprogramstage,preliminarydesignstageandconstructiondrawingdesignstage.

Thecitybuildingsomesmallandsimpletechnology,canreplacethestageofpreliminarydesignplanstage,andsomecomplexprojects,alsoneedtoinserttechnologydesignstagebetweenthepreliminarydesignandconstructiondrawingdesignstages.

Thedesigndocumentpresentsachangefromcoarsetofine,frombrieftodetailed.

2.,designbiddingatwhatstage?

Whatdoesthetenderdocumentnormallyinclude?

（P7）

Designbiddingisusuallycarriedoutattheprojectstage.

Thebiddingdocumentsmaycontainthegeneralconstructiongenerallayout,themainfloorofeachbuildingplanemap,themainbuildingelevationandthemainprofilecomposedofconstructionscheme,thedesignfeaturesofreflectionandcoloranalysisofarchitecturaldrawingorbuildingmodel,andthenecessarydesigndescription.Designcontentinarchitecturaldesignconception,includingstructure,professionalequipment,variousaspectsofenvironmentalprotection,health,fireandotherbasicideasanddesignbasis,shouldalsoprovideestimatesofthetechnicalandeconomicindicatorsdesignandpreliminaryeconomic.

*accordingtothedesigndocumentstopreparethedepthrequirements,thepreliminarydesignstagedrawingsanddesigndocumentsshouldmeetwhatrequirements?

Inthestageofpreliminarydesigndrawingsanddesigndocuments,positioningaxisandaxissizerequirements,professionalconstructiondrawingsmarkedtheconstruction,thetotalsizeofthebuildingelevation,totalheightandrelatedtechnicalworkpositioningofsomesize,

Inthedesign,constructionmaterialsandconstructionshallbemarkedwiththemainstructure;professionaldrawingsneedtoprovidemaplayoutschemeofbuildingstructureandpreliminarycalculationandstructureofthebasicdimensionsofeachsection;professionalequipmentshouldalsoprovideequipmentdrawingsandrelevantequipmenttoestimatethenumberandspecification.

Beforethefinaldrawing,theparticipantsinthedesignshouldreviewandcountersigneachothertoensurethecoordinationandconsistencyofthecooperation.Accordingtothesedrawingsandspecifications,theprojectbudgetestimateshallbecompletedwithintheprescribedtimelimit.

3.aftercompletionoftheconstructiondrawingdocuments,theconstructiondrawingsshallbesubmittedtotherevieworganizationforexamination.Whataspectsdoestheexaminationmainlyinvolve?

（P9）

Afterthecompletionoftheconstructiondrawingdocument,thedesignunitshallsubmitittotherelevantconstructiondrawingsreviewinstitutionthroughtheconstructionunitforexaminationofthemandatorystandardsandtheimplementationoftheregulations.Reviewthecontentsinclude:

thestabilityandsafetyofthebuilding,includingthefoundationandthemainstructureissafeandreliable;compliancewithfire,health,environmentalprotection,energysaving,airdefense,seismicandotherrelevantmandatorystandardsandnorms;theconstructionplanistoreachtherequireddepthrequirements;whetherthedamagetoseveralpublicinterests.

4.,architecturaldesignprinciplesshouldmeetwhatrequirements?

（P9）

Inadditiontomeetingtherelevantarchitecturalstandardsandspecifications,architecturaldesignshouldalsomeetthefollowingrequirementsinprinciple:

1.meettheneedsofarchitecturalfunctions;

2.,inlinewiththelocationoftheplanninganddevelopmentrequirements,andhavegoodvisualeffects;

3.adoptreasonabletechnicalmeasures;

4.providethepossibilityofoperatingwithintheeconomicscopepermittedbytheinvestmentplan.

Secondarticles

Firstchapters

Constructionarea,alsoknownasbuildingexpansionarea,referstothetotalfloorareaoftheprojectionareaofthetotallevel

Theconstructionareaisanimportantparametertoreflectormeasurethetechnicalandeconomicindexesofbuildings

1.graspthecompositionofthebuildingplane;（P11）

Fromthecompositionoftheuseofspaceineachpartoftheplanetoanalyzethenature,mainlycanbesummedupastheuseandtrafficlinksintwoparts.

Usepartistomeetthemainusefunctionandauxiliaryusefunctionthatpartofspace.

Atrafficlinkisasectionofspacethatisusedtoconnecteachpartofabuilding.Forexample,manyofthebuildingsofthehall,hall,corridors,staircases,elevatorandsoon,arebuildingtransportlinkssection.

2.whatarethefactorsassociatedwiththeplaneshapeofthebuilding'susespace?

（P12）

Factorsrelatedtotheplaneshapeofthebuilding'susespaceinclude:

（1）thequantityandlayoutoftheequipmentandfurnitureinthespace;

（2）themodeofoperationoftheuserinthespace;

（3）lighting,ventilationandthermal,acoustic,fireandotheraspectsoftheintegratedrequirements.

3.,forordinaryprimaryandsecondaryschoolclassrooms,consideringtheaudio-visualquality,theblackboard,seatinglayoutrequirements?

（P15）

Considerthestudentsinclassaudio-visualquality,accordingtotheanglebetweentheseatsofthestudentsintheclassamaximumdistancefromtheblackboardisnotgreaterthan8.5m,andthesectionoftheblackboardisnotlessthan30degreesofsightrequirements.

4.,whyuseplaneshapesinspace,mostofwhicharerectangularplanes?

（P17）

Generallyspeaking,separatedcomponentsandbearingcomponentsinrectangularplaneofdivisioniseasiertogetacoordinationorfurniturearrangementnotbecauseofourneighboringinterfaceplaneangleorinterfacecurveandneedspecialtreatment,combinationbetweensurfacesisalsomoreconvenient,soitisthemostusedplane.

5.,ingeneral,thedeterminationoftheplanedimensionsandshapesofthetrafficconnectionsofbuildingsshouldbeconsideredinwhatway?

（P18）

Ingeneral,thedeterminationoftheplanedimensionsandshapesofthetrafficconnectionsofbuildingsmaybeconsideredinthefollowingaspects:

（1）tomeetthepeakperiodpassengerandfreightflowthroughthesecurityscaletakes;

（2）complywiththeevacuationrequirementsasspecifiedintheemergencysituation;

（3）tofacilitatetheuseofspacebetweenthelinks;

（4）meettheneedsoflighting,ventilationandotheraspects.

6.corridors,hallsandstairsinthehallandelevatortrafficlinkeachpartischaracterizedbywhat?

（P19）

Walkwaysarethemostheavilyusedtransportationlinksinabuilding.

Theentrancehallisthetransportationhubwherethemainpopulationofthebuildingistransferredfromoutsidetoinsideanddistributingtheflowofpeople.Thehalltypegenerallylocatedinthecomplexbuildingconnectionsorinsidebuildings,somepeopleorthelogisticsofthesegmentedcentralizedinterchange,playabufferrole.

Stairsandelevatorsareimportantpartsofverticaltraffichubsinbuildings.

7.howshouldthewidthoftheaislebedetermined?

（P19）

Aislewidt