新高考高考考前大冲刺卷 英语十四.docx

新高考高考考前大冲刺卷 英语十四.docx

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新高考高考考前大冲刺卷英语十四

绝密★启用前

（新高考）2020年高考大冲刺卷

英语（十四）

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第Ⅰ卷

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

略

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

Theglobalenergycrisisisapproaching.Whatcanwedo?

Herearesomestepsyoucantake.

Coolingputsthegreateststressonyoursummerenergybillandthepowergrid.Justasatune-upforyourcarcanimproveyourgasmileage,ayearlytune-upofyourheatingandcoolingsystemcanimproveefficiencyandcomfort.Cleanorreplacefiltermonthlyorasneeded.

Forcentralairconditioningsystemsandroomairconditioners,lookfortheENERGYSTAR,thefederalgovernment’ssymbolforenergyefficiency.Forcentralair,purchasethesystemwiththehighestpossibleSeasonalEnergyEfficiencyRatio（SEER）.

Useenergyefficientceilingfanseitheraloneorwithairconditioning.Ceilingfansdoagreatjobofcirculatingair.Whenusedwithairconditioning,fansallowyoutoraisethethermostatandcutcosts.Ceilingfanscoolpeople,notrooms,sobeforeyouleave,turnofftheceilingfan.

Letaprogrammablethermostat“rememberforyou”toautomaticallyadjusttheindoorclimatewithyourdailyandweekendpatternstoreducecoolingbillsbyupto10percent.Youcancomehometoacomfortablehousewithoutwastingenergyandcreatingpollutionalldaywhileyouareatwork.

Trytomakeyourhomeairtightenoughtoincreaseyourcomfort,makeyourhomequieterandcleanerandreduceyourcoolingcostsupto20percent.

Cutyourairconditioningload,andreducepollutionbyplantingleafytreesaroundyourhomeandfixingreflectivebricksonyourroof.

Closeblindsorshadesonsouth-andwest-facingwindowsduringtheday,orfixshadingequipmenttoavoidheatbuild-up.

Turnoffeverythingnotinuse:

lights,TVs,computers.Andusefluorescentbulbs,whichprovidebright,warmlightwhileusingatleasttwo-thirdslessenergy,producing70percentlessheatandlastingupto10timeslongerthanincandescentbulbs.

Drivethecarthatgetsbettergasmileagewheneverpossibleifyouownmorethanonevehicle.Ifyoudrive12,500milesayear,switching10percentofyourtripsfromacarthatgets20milespergallontoonethatgets30mpgwillsaveyoumorethan£65peryear.

Carpool.TheaverageU.S.commutercouldsaveabout£260ayearbysharingcarstwiceaweekwithtwootherpeopleinacarthatgets20.1mpg—assumingthethreepassengerssharethecostofgas.

21.Accordingtothepassage,thethermostatisusedto________.

A.makeroomsquieterB.controlroomtemperature

C.turnofftheairconditionerD.reduceroomairpollution

22.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethattheauthorprobablydiscourages_________.

A.plantingleafytreesaroundyourhome

B.turningofftheceilingfanbeforeyouleaveyourhouse

C.keepingyoursouth-facingwindowsopenduringtheday

D.usingfluorescentbulbsinsteadofincandescentbulbs

23.Accordingtothepassage,youcansavefuelby_______.

A.usingenergy-efficientceilingfans

B.sharingcarswithothersonworkdays

C.turningoffeverythingnotinuse

D.reducing10%ofyourcartripseveryyear

B

Manypeoplecriticizetoday’snewspapersassensationalist,satisfyingthepublic’sabnormalcuriosity.Butjournalismacenturyagowasjustasnotorious（臭名昭著）.Publishersatthattimeroutinelycompetedwitheachotherforwildstoriesthatcoulddrawinthemostreaders.Meanwhile,itwasanidealatmosphereforacourageousreporterlikeNellieBlytospringintofame.

Bly,whosenamewasElizabethCorcoran,hadtoworktomakeherwayintheworld.Differentfrommanywomenofthetime,however,sherefusedtolettheworkingworldscareheraway.Herfirstbigopportunityasareportercamein1885aftershewroteanangryletterdenouncingthePittsburghDispatchforanarticleithadruncriticizingwomenforcedtoworkoutsidethehome.TheinterestedandexcitededitorhiredBlyforher“spirit”andsoonshewasinvestigatingthesituationsoffemalefactoryworkers.Blycaredlessabouttheirjobsthantheirlivesafterwork—theiramusements,theirmotivations,theirfearsandambitions.Sheproducedanarticletotallydifferentfromwhatotherreportersofthetimewerewriting:

personal,thoughtful,meaningful.

By1887BlyhadajobwiththeNewYorkWorld,oneoftheleaderpapersoftheday.Shequicklybecamefamousforundercoverstoriesaboutwomeninamentalhospital.Soonshehadinvestigatedlifeasamaid,achorusgirl,andevenastreetgirl.Inherbest-knownbravedeeds,in1890,Blybeatthefamous“aroundtheworldin80days”tripJulesVernehaddescribedinhisnovel.Travelingbysteamship,train,evenricksha,Blyreportedfromeachstop.Aspellboundnationhungoneveryword.Only25,Blyhadbecomeinternationallyfamous.

24.Bly’sfirstnewspaperjobwas________.

A.withtheNewYorkWorldB.withthePittsburghDispatch

C.tointerviewmentalpatientsD.toexperiencelifeofchorusgirls

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“denouncing”inPara.2probablymean?

A.Praising.B.Questioning.C.Informing.D.Condemning.

26.HowdidNellieBlygainworld-widefame?

A.BycriticizingJulesVerne.

B.Bycompetingwithotherreporters.

C.Bywritingstoriesthroughinvestigation.

D.Bycaringaboutwomenfromdifferentclasses.

27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesNellieBly?

A.Daringandpractical.B.Acuteandconfident.

C.Criticalanddependent.D.Calmandenthusiastic.

C

Justaskanynewparent:

Addingababytoahouseholdcanalsoaddstresstoacareer.Now,anewstudybacksthatupwithsomeastonishingnumbers:

Afterscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics（STEM）professionalsbecomeparents,43%ofwomenand23%ofmenswitchfields,transition（转变）topart-timework,orleavetheworkforceentirely.

ManyresearchersandparentsalreadyknewthatSTEMcanbeunwelcomingtoparents,particularlymothers.But“theconsiderabledeparturewasastonishing,”saysErinCech,anassistantprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofMichiganinAnnArborandleadauthorofthestudy,publishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Forbothgenders,“theproportionswerehigherthanweexpected.”

Thesurprisinglyhighreductionrateformenalsohighlightsthat“parenthoodinSTEMisnotjustamother’issue;it’saworker’issue,”Cechsays.Shehopesthatthefindings“mightmotivatechanges”,suchasmorepaidparentalleavefrombothgovernmentandemployersandpoliciesthatbettersupportflexibleworktimewithoutatightroutine.“WearenotsuggestingthatpeoplewhowantfamiliesshouldavoidSTEM;that’snotthesolution,”sheemphasizes.

By2018,78%ofnewfatherswerestillworkinginSTEM,thevastmajorityfulltime.Fornewmothers,68%werestillinSTEM,butonly57%workedfulltime.Forprofessionalswithoutchildren,ontheotherhand,84%ofmenand76%ofwomenwerepredictedtostillbeworkinginSTEMfulltimein2018.Forthenewparentsacrossallfields,16%ofwomenwereworkingpart-timeand15%hadlefttheworkforce,ascomparedwithjust2%and3%,respectively,formen.Thesesharpdifferencesmakeitclearthat,eventhoughthereductionrateforfathersishigherthanexpected,mothersstillfaceparticularcareerchallenges.

28.WhatmakesmanySTEMemployeeschangetheirjobs?

A.Worryingabouttheirfamily.B.Theattractionofpart-timejobs.

C.Beingtiredoftheformerjobs.D.Theheavyburdenathomeandwork.

29.WhichstatementmayErinCechagreewith?

A.Workingathomemaybeapopularchoice.

B.IncreasingwelfaremaykeepSTEMparents.

C.PeoplewithfamiliesshouldleaveSTEM.

D.STEMprofessionalsshouldobeytherules.

30.Howmanynewmothersamongthelaborforceworkedfulltimein2018?

A.69%.B.76%C.57%.D.31%.

31.Whatdoestheauthorwanttostressbylistingthesharpdifferences?

A.ToomanyfathersleaveSTEM.B.It’shardformotherstomakeabalance.

C.STEMjobsarenolongerpopular.D.It’simpossibletohaveasuccessfulcareer.

D

Haveyouevertakenatestthatyouthoughtyoucouldhavepassedeasily,onlytomakesomesillymistakesthatreallyhurtyourgrade?

Morethanafewstudentshavedonethat.Andsomeseemtodoitoverandoveragain.

Thereareseveralproblemareasthatcancausestudentstogoofupordopoorlyinatestthattheycouldhavepassed.

Somestudentscanbecomeoverconfidentintheirknowledgeofthesubjectmatter.Theythinktheyknowthematerialbetterthantheyactuallydo.Itiseasyforstudentstomisjudgetheirownknowledge,andwhentheyrealizethattheydon’tknowthematerial,itistoolate.

Whathappensmoreoften,though,isthatsomestudentsfeeltheyaresmartenoughtobeabletoguesstheirwaythroughatest.Sotheydon’tbotherstudyingthematerial.Theyareoverconfidentintheirabilitytofigurethingsout.

Ineithercase,overconfidencecanresultinlowergradesintests.Doesthisapplytoyou?

Anotherthingthatcanhappenisthatstudentsunderestimate（低估）thedifficultyofthetest.Theyexpectaneasytest,buttheteacherthrowsinarealtoughtestthattheyhaven’tpreparedfor.Sometimestheteachermaycovermaterialinthetestthatstudentsweren’texpecting.Thatcanhappen,especiallyifyouweren’tpayingattentioninclass.

Finally,therearestudentswhodon’tfeelthatgettingagoodgradeisimportanttothem,sotheydon’tbothertostudyoreventrytodowell.Suchstudentsmaybetryingtopunishtheirparents,haveapoorimageofthemselves,orarejustplainfoolish.Hopefully,youar