人教版高中英语选修8全国Period One Warming UpPrereading and Reading 2.docx
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人教版高中英语选修8全国PeriodOneWarmingUpPrereadingandReading2
China'snew“FourGreatInventions”wererecentlyannounced,withhybridrice(杂交水稻),Chinesecharacterlaserprinting(汉字激光打印),syntheticbovineinsulin(合成牛胰岛素),andartemethercompoundtabletsagainstmalariamakingthecut(防治疟疾的复方蒿甲醚片).
China's“NewFourGreatInventions”werevotedforbyboththepublicandexpertsinlinewiththerequirementsthattheybecreativeandoriginal,haveworldwidesignificanceandhaveabigsocialimpact.60percentofthevoteswerecastonline,while40percentweretakenfromexperts.
Ontopofthelistishybridrice,whichwasfirstdevelopedin1973byChinesescientistYuanLongping,whowascalledthe“FatherofHybridRice”.ThenewbreedhasenabledChinatosolveitslongstandingfoodproblemandcontributeagreatdealtotheworldfoodindustry.
Anothermajorbreakthrough,thetechniquesforChinesecharacterlaserprinting,wasdevelopedbylatescientistWangXuan,knownas“BiSheng,FatherofPrintinginModernTimes”.HistechniqueswerefirstintroducedtonewspaperprintinginDecember1987,whichbroughtabout
arevolutionintheprintingandpublishingindustries.WangXuan'sinventionpromotedthespreadofChinesecultureandhadafar-reachingimpactontheprintingindustriesofothercountries,includingSouthKoreaandJapan.
Syntheticbovineinsulinwasfullydevelopedin1965following6yearsofhardworkbyagroupofChinesescientists.Itmarkedasignificantbreakthroughinthefieldoflifescienceandhasgreatlyinfluencedhumanendeavorsinfindingoutthesecretsoflife.
Artemethercompoundtablets,whichwerefirstdevelopedinthemid-1980sbyChinesescientists,haveprovedtobethemosteffectiveanti-malariamedicineworldwide.Withtheirbrand-newchemicalstructurefirstdiscoveredbyChinese,theyareoftencomparedto“AtomBombs”,amilestoneinthehistoryofman'sfightagainstmalaria.
Notes
1.significance/sɪg'nɪfɪkəns/n.重要性,意义
2.breed/briːd/n.品种
3.breakthrough/'breɪkθruː/n.重大进展,突破
4.revolution/ˌrevə'luːʃn/n.革命
5.endeavor/ɪn'devə(r)/n.努力
6.structure/'strʌktʃə(r)/n.结构,构造
7.milestone/'maɪlstəon/n.里程碑
PeriodOne WarmingUp,Pre-reading&Reading
Ⅰ.单词检测
1.patentn.专利证书;专利权
2.distinguishvi.&vt.显示……的差别;使……有所不同;辨别
3.mercifuladj.宽大的;仁慈的;慈悲的
mercyn.仁慈;宽恕
4.productn.产品
producev.生产
productionn.生产;产品
producern.生产者;制造者
5.abruptadj.突然的;意外的
abruptlyadv.突然地;唐突地
6.convenientadj.便利的;方便的;就近的
conveniencen.方便;便利
7.cautionn.小心;谨慎
cautiousadj.小心的;谨慎的
8.expectationn.预料;期待;期望
expectv.预期;期盼
9.passiveadj.被动的;消极的;被动语态的
activeadj.(反义词)积极的
10.merryadj.愉快的;高兴的
merrilyadv.愉快地;高兴地
11.seizevt.抓住;捉住;夺
12.criterionn.(plcriteria)(评判的)标准;尺度
13.validadj.有效的,确凿的
14.filen.文件;档案;文件夹;vt.提交;将……归档
15.ripeadj.熟的;成熟的
ripenv.熟;成熟
Ⅱ.短语检测
1.decideon决定;选定
2.callup给……打电话
3.nowandthen偶尔;有时
4.farfrom远离;远非
5.getridof摆脱;去除
6.setabout开始;着手
Ⅰ.阅读课文,匹配各部分大意
PartⅠ(Para.1)A A.Thediscoveryoftheproblemofthesnakes.
PartⅡ(Paras.2~3)CB.Therequirementsofgettingapatent.
PartⅢ(Paras.4~6)D
C.Theresearchontheapproachestosolvingtheproblem.
PartⅣ(Paras.7~8)BD.Theattemptstocatchthesnakes.
Ⅱ.课文阅读理解
1.Thewritercaughtthesnakeby________.
A.killingthemB.removingtheirhabitat
C.attractingthemintoatrapD.coolingtomakethemsleepy
答案 D
2.Thebiggestadvantageofthewriter'snewideaisthat________.
A.itmakesthesnakesmovequickly
B.itmakesthesnakeshardlybiteus
C.itiseasierforustokillthesnakeswithouthurtingourselves
D.itiseasierforustocatchthesnakeswithoutkillingthem
答案 D
3.Whatinstrumentswereusedforcatchingthesnakes?
A.abowl,ice-cubes,maleperfume
B.abowl,abucket,femaleperfume
C.asmallnet,ice-cubes,abucket
D.asmallnet,abucket,powders
答案 C
4.WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothetext?
A.Thesnakesweresosleepyinthesecondattemptthattheycouldn'tbitethewriteratall.
B.Yourproductmustbedifferentfromeverybodyelse'sifyouwanttoreceiveapatent.
C.Thewriterdecidedtosendherinventiontothepatentofficethemomentshesucceededincatchingthesnakes.
D.Ifanapplicationforyourproductprovestobevalid,youcangetapatentimmediately.
答案 B
5.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkcanbegivenapatent?
A.Anewstardiscoveredbyascientist.
B.AnewnovelwrittenbyHanHan.
C.Anewwaytomakedirtywaterclean.
D.Anewkindofgrassfoundinamountainwhichcanbeusedasamedicine.
答案 C
Ⅲ.难句分析
1.Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.
句式分析:
本句主干是倒装句式Herewasachance...。
byinventing...在句中作方式状语;thatwouldcatch...为定语从句,修饰被形容词merciful隔开的先行词something。
自主翻译:
这回我有机会来表现一下自己了,我要发明某种仁慈的东西,既可以把蛇捉住,又不会伤害它们。
2.ThefirstthingIdidwastoseeiftherewereanyproductsthatmighthelpme,butthereonlyseemedtobepowdersdesignedtokillsnakes.
句式分析:
本句是由but引导的两个并列分句。
在前一个分句中,thefirstthing之后跟一个省略了引导词that的定语从句;if引导的宾语从句中,包含一个由that引导的定语从句,修饰名词products;在后一个分句中,designedtokillsnakes作定语,修饰名词powders,相当于which/thatweredesignedtokillsnakes。
自主翻译:
我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我,但是,看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。
3.Norwillyoureceiveapatentuntilasearchhasbeenmadetofindoutthatyourproductreallyisdifferentfromeveryoneelse's.
句式分析:
本句中nor放在句首引起句子部分倒装;tofindoutthatyourproduct...为不定式作目的状语,其中that引导的是宾语从句。
自主翻译:
直到你的产品被证实与其他任何人的都不同你才能获得专利。
1.distinguish
【语境感悟】
(1)(教材P20)Herewasachanceformetodistinguishmyselfbyinventingsomethingmercifulthatwouldcatchsnakesbutnotharmthem.
这回我有机会来表现一下自己了,我要发明某种仁慈的东西,既可以把蛇捉住,又不会伤害它们。
(2)TheChinesenationisdistinguishedforitsdiligenceandcourage.
中华民族因勤劳勇敢而著称。
(3)Distinguishedforitsmagnificentchurchtowers,thecityisanattractiontovisitorsfromalloverthecountry.
以其宏伟的教堂建筑而闻名遐迩,这座城市吸引了来自全国各地的游客。
【归纳拓展】
(1)distinguishvi.&vt.辨别;使……有所不同;显示……的差别;分清
distinguishbetween...and...区分/辨别……和……
distinguish...from...使……有别于……
distinguishoneself(as...)(作为……)表现突出
(2)distinguishedadj.卓越的;著名的;杰出的
bedistinguishedfor...以……而著称
【即时跟踪】
(1)单句语法填空
①DanielAnderson,afamouspsychologist,believesit'simportanttodistinguishtelevision'sinfluencesonchildrenfromthoseofthefamily.
②Einsteinisdistinguished(distinguish)forhisoriginality(独创性).
(2)据我所知,袁隆平作为一名农业先驱而著名。
AsfarasIknow,YuanLongpingisdistinguishedasafarmingpioneer.
2.convenient
【语境感悟】
(1)(教材P20)Theyabruptlydisappearedintoaconvenientholeinthewall.
它们突然一下子就消失在附近的墙洞里了。
(2)It'sconvenientformetopickyouupthisafternoon.
今天下午去接你我很方便。
(3)Ikeepmyreferencebooksnearmydeskforconvenience.
为方便起见,我把参考书放在我的课桌旁。
【归纳拓展】
(1)convenientadj.便利的;方便的;就近的
beconvenientto/forsb……对某人是方便的
Itisconvenient(forsb)todosth(某人)方便做某事
(2)conveniencen.方便;便利
atone'sconvenience在某人方便的时候
fortheconvenienceofsb为了某人的方便
forconvenience为方便起见
【温馨提示】
convenient作表语时,不可用人作主语,而要用物或形式主语it,其后常接介词for或to或动词不定式,但后跟不定式时,只能用介词for。
【即时跟踪】
(1)完成句子
①你能不能在你方便时给我来个电话,安排见一次面?
Canyoucallmeatyourconveniencetoarrangeameeting?
②为方便顾客我们备有座位。
Wehaveprovidedseatsfortheconvenienceofourcustomers.
(2)单句改错
TheInternetmakesitconvenient
ustogetintouchwitheachother.
3.caution
【语境感悟】
(1)(教材P20)ThistimewithgreatcautionIbentdowntoexaminethesnakesandIfoundthemverysleepy.
这一次我小心翼翼地蹲下去检查的时候,发现蛇都是睡意朦眬的。
(2)Peoplemightbecautiousaboutbelievingthisstatement.
人们可能不会轻易相信这种言论。
(3)Wemustbecautioustohandletheproblem.
我们必须谨慎处理这个问题。
【归纳拓展】
(1)cautionn.【U】小心;谨慎;慎重;【C】警示,警告
withcaution小心地
(2)cautiousadj.小心的;谨慎的
becautiousabout/of...对……小心谨慎
becautioustodosth做……小心谨慎
【联想】 withcaution相当于副词,在句中作状语。
类似的短语还有哪些?
根据提示完成下列短语:
withpride骄傲地,自豪地
withsatisfaction满意地
withdelight高兴地
withdisappointment失望地
withpleasure乐意地;愿意
withastonishment惊讶地
withpatience耐心地
withconfidence自信地
【即时跟踪】
(1)单句语法填空
①Theresultofthesurveymustbetreatedwithcaution.
②Thestudentsarecautiousnottomake(make)anymistakesinspelling.
(2)完成句子
①她小心翼翼地把这个花瓶放在桌子上。
Sheputthevaseonthetablewithgreatcaution.
②公司在研究开发方面的投资似乎比较谨慎。
Thecompanyseems(tobe)cautiousabout/ofinvestingmoneyinresearchanddeveloping.
4.seize
【语境感悟】
(1)(教材P21)Pressedbymyfriendsandrelations,Idecidedtoseizetheopportunitytogetrecognitionformysuccessfulideabysendingmyinventiontothepatentoffice.
由于朋友和亲戚的敦促,我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去,请他们对我这次成功的思路给予认可。
(2)Theyseizedontheofferofafreetrip.
他们抓住了这次免费旅游的机会。
(3)Heseizedmebythehandwhenhesawme.
他一看见我就一把抓住了我的手。
【归纳拓展】
seizevt.抓住;捉住;夺
seizeachance/anopportunity抓住时机
seizeon/uponsth突然对……大为关注;抓住,利用(某想法、借口或某人所说的话等)
seizesbbythearm/collar抓住某人的胳膊/衣领
【温馨提示】
seize指突然一把“抓住”某人或某物,可直接用被抓的部位作宾语,也可用“seizesbbythe+部位”结构,但若其中的介词用by,定冠词the一般不可改为物主代词。
【即时跟踪】
(1)完成句子
①我们应该抓住时机来发展经济。
Weshouldseizeopportunitytodeveloptheeconomy.
②只有抓紧每一分钟,我们才能按时完成。
Onlybyseizingeveryminutecanwefinishitontime.
(2)单句改错
Whilecrossingtheroad,heoftenseizeshisfatherby
arm.
1.callup
【语境感悟】
(1)(教材P20)WhenIcalledupmymotherinthecountrysideonthetelephoneshewasveryupset.当我给乡下的母亲打电话时她正感到很心烦。
(2)Thegovernmentcallsontheyouthabove18tojointhearmyvoluntarily.
政府号召18岁以上的青年自愿参军入伍。
(3)Thisisatopicthatcallsfornotonlyfreeexpressionoffeelings,butalsotheguidanceofreason.
这个话题需要的不仅是自由表达思想,同时也需要理性的指导。
【归纳拓展】
callup打电话;使回忆起,使想起
callback召回;回电话;收回处理
callon/at拜访(on后跟人;at后跟地点名词)
callonsbtodosth号召/呼吁某人做某事
callfor要求;提倡;为……叫喊
callin召集;召来;来访
calloff取消;延期
【即时跟踪】
(1)用适当的介、副词填空
①Thegamewascalledoffbecauseofbadweather.
②Recentlycarswithseriousfaultsareoftencalledinbythemanufactures.
③ShallItellhimthatyou'llcallback,ordoyouwanthimtoc