高考英语真题分类汇编专题15社会生活说理议论类含答案解析.docx
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高考英语真题分类汇编专题15社会生活说理议论类含答案解析
专题十五阅读理解之社会生活、说理议论类
1.A
“Iseeyou’vegotabitofwateronyourcoat,”saidthemanatthepetrolstation.“Isitrainingoutthere?
”“No,it’sprettynice,”Ireplied,checkingmysleeve.“Oh,right.Apony（马驹）bitmeearlier.”
Asithappened,thebitewasvirtuallypainless:
morethekindofsmallbiteyoumightgetfromanaughtychild.TheponyresponsiblewasqueuingupforsomeicecreaminthecarparknearHaytor,andperhapsthoughtI’djumpedinaheadofhim.
ThereasonwhytheponiesherearenaughtyisthatHaytorisatourist-heavyareaandtouristsareconstantlyfeedingtheponiesfoods,despitesighsaskingthemnotto.Byfeedingtheponies,touristsincreasetheriskofthemgettinghitbyacar,andmakethemhardertogatherduringthearea’sannualponydrift（迁移）.
Thepurposeofaponydriftistogatherthemupsotheirhealthcanbechecked,thebabyonescanbestoopedfromfeedingontheirmother’smilk,andthosewho’vegonebeyondtheirlimitedareacanbereturnedtotheircorrectarea.Someofthemarealsolatersold,inordertolimitthenumberofponiesaccordingtotherulessetbyNaturalEngland.
Threeweeksago,Iwitnessedasmallnear-disasterafewmilswestofhere.Whilewalking,Inoticedaponyrolloveronhisback.“Hello!
”Isaidtohim,assuminghewasjustrollingforfun,buthewasverystilland,asIgotcloser,Isawhimkickinghislegsintheairandbreathingheavily.Ibegantoproperlyworryabouthim.Fortunately,ImanagedtogetintouchwithaDartmoor’sLivestockProtectionofficerandsendheraphoto.Theofficerimmediatelysentalocalfarmerouttocheckonthepony.Theponyhadactuallybeentrappedbetweentworocks.Thefarmerfreedhim,andhebegantorunhappilyaroundagain.
Dartmoorhas1,000orsoponies,whoplayacriticalroleincreatingthediversityofspeciesinthisarea.Manypeopleareworkinghardtopreservetheseponies,andtryingtocomeupwithplanstofindasustainable（可持续的）futureforoneofDartmoor’smostfinancially-troubledelements.
51.Whyaretouristsaskednottofeedtheponies?
A.Toprotectthetouristsfrombeingbitten
B.Tokeeptheponiesoffthepetrolstation
C.Toavoidputtingtheponiesindanger
D.Topreventtheponiesfromfighting
52.Oneofthepurposesoftheannualponydriftis______________.
A.tofeedbabyponiesonmilk
B.tocontrolthenumberofponies
C.toexpandthehabitatforponies
D.toselltheponiesatagoodprice
53.Whatastheauthor’sfirstreactionwhenhesawaponyrollonitsback?
A.Hefreeditfromthetrap
B.Hecalledaprotectionofficer
C.Heworriedaboutitverymuch
D.Hethoughtofitasbeingnaughty
54.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthepreservationofDartmoor’sponies?
A.Itlackspeople’sinvolvement.
B.Itcostsalargeamountofmoney
C.ItwillaffecttourisminDartmoor.
D.Ithascausedanimbalanceofspecies
【考点定位】夹叙夹议文阅读
【名师点睛】夹叙夹议文是近几年高考经常涉及的一类文体，文章一方面叙述事情，另一方面又对事情加以评论，此类文章一般先提出论点，然后以事例说明论点，最后得出结论，或者一边叙述事情经过，一边对事情加以分析评论，文章最后一段用一句概括性的话点明主题，将叙述和议论有机地结合起来，其中“叙”是“议”的基础，“议”是“叙”的渗透和延伸。
考生要注意在通读全文的基础上弄清文章结构，阅读时重点要放在议论部分，因为该部分表达了作者的观点或看法，是文章的精髓。
理解了作者的观点和看法，也就把握了全文的主要内容。
本文难度不大，通过作者与小马的“亲密接触”介绍了英国达特穆尔荒原淘气的矮种马，散发出浓浓的英伦风。
2.C
Hilversumisamedium-sizedcitybetweenthemajorcitiesofAmsterdamandUtrechtintheGooiareaofNorthHolland,theNetherlands.UnlikemostoftheNetherlands,Hilversumisactuallyinahillyareawiththesoilmostlyconsistingofsand.OncecalledtheGardenofAmsterdam,itstillattractstravelerstocomeovertocycleandwalkthroughthesurroundingforests.Theyvisititforarelaxingdayofffromtheurbanmadness.ForDutchpeople,Hilversumisallabouttextile（纺织）andmediaindustries,andmodernarchitecture.
Inhistory,Hilversumwaslargelyanagriculturalarea.Dailylifewasmarkedbyfarming,sheepraisingandwoolproduction.ArailwaylinktoAmsterdamin1874attractedrichtradersfromAmsterdamtoHilversum.Theybuildthemselveslargevillas（别墅）inthewoodedsurroundingsofthetown.OneofthefamiliesmovinginwastheBrenninkmeijers,currentlythewealthiestfamilyoftheNetherlands.TheymovedinafterbigsuccessinthetextileindustryandaidedasubstantialtextileindustryinHilversum.Butthetextileboomlastedonlyseveraldecades.Thelastfactoryclosedinthe1960s.
Thechangetoamediaeconomystartedin1920,whentheNederlandseSeintoestedllenFabriek（NSF）establishedaradiofactoryinHiversum.Mostradiostationscalledinthelargevillasintheleafyareasofthetown.Televisiongaveanotherpushtothelocaleconomy.HilversumbecamethemediacapitaloftheNetherlands,andDutchtelevisonstarsmovedintotheleafyneighborhoodssurroundingthetown.
Intheearly1900s,modernarchitctsW.M.DudokandJ.DuikerplacedhundredsofremarkablebuildingsinHilversum.Thesemodernarchitecturalmasterpieces（杰作）aresomanythatHilversumalmostfeelslikeanopenairmuseum.Dudokaloneshapedmost20thcenturyHilversumandapproximately75buildingsin1928-1931.Ithaswideinternationalfameandisincludedinmanyarchitecturetextbooks.Thebuildinghasaremarkableshapeandlookslikeacombinationof“blocks”.Actually,onemaystarthisjourneyofmodernarchitecturebywalkingorbikingtheW.M.DudokArchitecturalRouteinHilversum.
59.HilversumisdifferentfrommostoftheNetherlandsinthat______.
A.ithasalargepopulation
B.itiscutofffrombigcities
C.ithasmanybeautifulgardens
D.itisinahillyareawithsandysoil
60.WhatwasthegreatestcontributionoftheBrenninkmeijerstoHilversum?
A.BuildingarailwaylinktoAmsterdam
B.Helpingitstextileindustrytodevelop
C.Constructinglargevillasforthepoor
D.Assistingitsagriculturalindustry
61.ThebeginningofthemediaindustryinHilversumwasmarkedbytheestablishmentof______.
A.aradiofactory
B.themedialcapital
C.aradiostation
D.aTVstation
62.WhatisknownaboutW.M.Dudok’sHilversumTownHall?
A.Itconsistsofapproximately75buildings
B.Itlookslikeanopenairmuseuminthecity
C.Itisaclassicexampleinarchitecturetextbooks
D.Ithasshapedmostof20thcenturyHilvesum.
【解析】
试题分析：
本文是一篇说明文。
介绍了荷兰Hilversum这一地区的地貌特征、工业发展和现代建筑。
59.D细节理解题。
根据首段第二句“UnlikemostoftheNetherlands,Hilversumisactuallyahillyarea…”可知Hilversum不同于荷兰其他地方之处在于它属于沙土丘陵地带。
故选D项。
60.B细节理解题。
根据第二段倒数第三句“TheymovedinafterbigsuccessinthetextileindustryandaidedasubstantialtextileindustryinHilversum”可知Brennikmeijers为Hilversum的纺织业做出了巨大的贡献。
故选B项。
61.A细节理解题。
根据第三段首句“Thechangetoamediaeconomystartedin1920,…establishedaradiofactoryinHilversum”可知Hilversum传媒业兴起的兴起是以一家无线电厂的建立为标志的。
故选A项。
62.C推理判断题。
根据最后一段倒数第三、四句“Hismasterpiece…Ithaswideinternationalfameandisincludedinmanyarchitecturetextbooks”可知W.M.Dudok’sHilversumTownHall是建筑教科书中的一个典范。
故选C项。
【考点定位】说明文阅读
【名师点睛】说明文用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，如机器的制造过程、自然或社会现象产生的原因、工程项目的规划或问题的解决方案等，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物等。
本文虽短短几段，却囊括了荷兰小镇Hilversum的前世今生，把一个不怎么出名的小城栩栩如生地呈现在中国读者的眼前。
3.E
Sciencehasalotofuses.Itcanuncoverlawsofnature,curediseases,makebombs,andhelpbridgestostandup.Indeedscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthatthere’salwaysatemptation（诱惑）todragitintoproblemswhereitmaynotbehelpful.DavidBrooks,authorofTheSocialAnimal:
TheHiddenSourcesofLove,Character,andAchievement,appearstobethelatestinalonglineofwriterswhohavefailedtoresistthetemptation.
Brooksgainedfameforseveralbooks.HislatestbookTheSocialAnimal,however,ismoreambitiousandseriousthanhisearlierbooks.Itisanattempttodealwithasetofweightytopics.Thebookfocusesonbigquestions:
Whathassciencerevealedabouthumannature?
Whatarethesourcesofcharacter?
Andwhyaresomepeoplehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersaren’t?
Toanswerthesequestions,Brookssurveysawiderangeofdisciplines（学科）.Consideringthis,youmightexpectthebooktobeadryrecitationoffacts.ButBrookshasstructuredhisbookinanunorthodox（非常规的）,andperhapsunfortunate,way.Insteadofintroducingscientifictheories,hetellsastory,withinwhichhetriestomakehispoints,perhapsinordertokeepthereader’sattention.SoasHaroldandErica,theheroandheroineinhisstory,livethroughchildhood,wehearaboutthescienceofchilddevelopmentandastheybegintodatewehearaboutthetheoryofsexualattraction.Brookscarriesthisthroughtothedeathofoneofhischaracters.
Onthewhole,Brooks’sstoryisacceptableifuninspired.Asonewouldexpect,hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,somechaptersstandoutabovetherest.Ienjoyed,forinstance,thechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhisown.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharacters,themoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewhere.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks’sattempttotranslatehistaleintoscience.
67.Theauthormentionsthefunctionsofscienceatthebeginningofthepassageto__________.
A.illustratewheresciencecanbeapplied
B.demonstratethevalueofBrooks’snewbook
C.remindthereaderoftheimportanceofscience
D.explainwhymanywritersusescienceintheirworks
68.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcouldbeastrengthofthebook?
A.Itsstrongbasis.
B.Itsconvincingpoints.
C.Itsclearwriting.
D.Itsmemorablecharacters.
69.Whatistheauthor’sgeneralattitudetowardsthebook?
A.Contradictory.
B.Supportive.
C.Cautious.
D.Critical.
70.Whatistheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph?
A.Problemswiththebook.
B.Brooks’slifeexperience.
C.Deathofthecharacters.
D.Brooks’stranslationskills.
【解析】
试题分析：
本文是一篇议论文。
文章先列举出科学的许多功能，接着指出科学有巨大的诱惑力，以致许多作家抵挡不住这种诱惑，在文学作品中运用到科学。
并以Brooks的新书Thesocialanimal为例，批判地分析这本书的优势和不足。
67.D写作用意题。
首段第一、二句首先列举出科学的许多功能，接着指出科学有巨大的诱惑力，以致许多作家抵挡不住这种诱惑，在文学作品中运用到科学。
故选D项。
68.C推理判断题。
根据最后一段中“…,hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,somechaptersstandoutabovetherest.Ienjoyed,…”可知作者认为写作思路清晰是这本书的一大优势。
故选C项。
69.D观点态度题。
最后一段中的链接词“while”之前是这本书的优势，其后作者指出了其不足。
因此作者对这部书持批判的态度。
故选D项。
70.A篇章结构题。
文章最后一段中链接词“while”后面部分开始谈论这本书存在的问题。
因此紧接着作者应该还是在写这本的不足。
故选A项。
【考点定位】议论文阅读
【名师点睛】议论说理类文章具有以下特点：
1．一般按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的方法写作。
作者一般从日常生活中的热点问题、社会上的重大问题、与读者息息相关的问题入手，即提出问题。
然后，分析利弊，举例说明，推理判断，即分析问题。
最后，阐述观点，提出办法，即解决问题。
2．以作者的观点或情感为核心，对细节推理等方面进行考查。
3．文章的主题一般是生活中的热点问题、重大问题或与生活息息相关的问题等。
考生应注意抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。
同时，理清作为论据的诸多事例和理由之间以及它们和观点/结论之间的内在联系，把握文章的结构。
4.D
Technologicalchangeiseverywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflife,mostlyforthebetter.However,socialchangesarebroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes.
Anexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollege.Surveys（调查）onthistopicsuggeststhatparentstodaycontinuetobe“very”or“somewhat”overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesamesurveysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasignthattoday’sparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildren’slivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate.
However,greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgooftheir“adult”children.
Inthecontext（背景）ofth
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