高考英语真题分类汇编专题15社会生活说理议论类含答案解析.docx

1、高考英语真题分类汇编专题15社会生活说理议论类含答案解析专题十五阅读理解之社会生活、说理议论类1.A“Iseeyouvegotabitofwateronyourcoat,”saidthemanatthepetrolstation.“Isitrainingoutthere?”“No,itsprettynice,”Ireplied,checkingmysleeve.“Oh,right.Apony(马驹)bitmeearlier.”Asithappened,thebitewasvirtuallypainless:morethekindofsmallbiteyoumightgetfromanaught

2、ychild.TheponyresponsiblewasqueuingupforsomeicecreaminthecarparknearHaytor,andperhapsthoughtIdjumpedinaheadofhim.ThereasonwhytheponiesherearenaughtyisthatHaytorisatourist-heavyareaandtouristsareconstantlyfeedingtheponiesfoods,despitesighsaskingthemnotto.Byfeedingtheponies,touristsincreasetheriskofth

3、emgettinghitbyacar,andmakethemhardertogatherduringtheareasannualponydrift(迁移).Thepurposeofaponydriftistogatherthemupsotheirhealthcanbechecked,thebabyonescanbestoopedfromfeedingontheirmothersmilk,andthosewhovegonebeyondtheirlimitedareacanbereturnedtotheircorrectarea.Someofthemarealsolatersold,inorder

4、tolimitthenumberofponiesaccordingtotherulessetbyNaturalEngland.Threeweeksago,Iwitnessedasmallnear-disasterafewmilswestofhere.Whilewalking,Inoticedaponyrolloveronhisback.“Hello!”Isaidtohim,assuminghewasjustrollingforfun,buthewasverystilland,asIgotcloser,Isawhimkickinghislegsintheairandbreathingheavil

5、y.Ibegantoproperlyworryabouthim.Fortunately,ImanagedtogetintouchwithaDartmoorsLivestockProtectionofficerandsendheraphoto.Theofficerimmediatelysentalocalfarmerouttocheckonthepony.Theponyhadactuallybeentrappedbetweentworocks.Thefarmerfreedhim,andhebegantorunhappilyaroundagain.Dartmoorhas1,000orsoponie

6、s,whoplayacriticalroleincreatingthediversityofspeciesinthisarea.Manypeopleareworkinghardtopreservetheseponies,andtryingtocomeupwithplanstofindasustainable(可持续的)futureforoneofDartmoorsmostfinancially-troubledelements.51.Whyaretouristsaskednottofeedtheponies?A.ToprotectthetouristsfrombeingbittenB.Toke

7、eptheponiesoffthepetrolstationC.ToavoidputtingtheponiesindangerD.Topreventtheponiesfromfighting52.Oneofthepurposesoftheannualponydriftis_.A.tofeedbabyponiesonmilkB.tocontrolthenumberofponiesC.toexpandthehabitatforponiesD.toselltheponiesatagoodprice53.Whatastheauthorsfirstreactionwhenhesawaponyrollon

8、itsback?A.HefreeditfromthetrapB.HecalledaprotectionofficerC.HeworriedaboutitverymuchD.Hethoughtofitasbeingnaughty54.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthepreservationofDartmoorsponies?A.Itlackspeoplesinvolvement.B.ItcostsalargeamountofmoneyC.ItwillaffecttourisminDartmoor.D.Ithascausedanimbalanceofspecies【考点

9、定位】夹叙夹议文阅读【名师点睛】夹叙夹议文是近几年高考经常涉及的一类文体，文章一方面叙述事情，另一方面又对事情加以评论，此类文章一般先提出论点，然后以事例说明论点，最后得出结论，或者一边叙述事情经过，一边对事情加以分析评论，文章最后一段用一句概括性的话点明主题，将叙述和议论有机地结合起来，其中“叙”是“议”的基础，“议”是“叙”的渗透和延伸。考生要注意在通读全文的基础上弄清文章结构，阅读时重点要放在议论部分，因为该部分表达了作者的观点或看法，是文章的精髓。理解了作者的观点和看法，也就把握了全文的主要内容。本文难度不大，通过作者与小马的“亲密接触”介绍了英国达特穆尔荒原淘气的矮种马，散发出浓浓的

10、英伦风。2.CHilversumisamedium-sizedcitybetweenthemajorcitiesofAmsterdamandUtrechtintheGooiareaofNorthHolland,theNetherlands.UnlikemostoftheNetherlands,Hilversumisactuallyinahillyareawiththesoilmostlyconsistingofsand.OncecalledtheGardenofAmsterdam,itstillattractstravelerstocomeovertocycleandwalkthroughth

11、esurroundingforests.Theyvisititforarelaxingdayofffromtheurbanmadness.ForDutchpeople,Hilversumisallabouttextile(纺织)andmediaindustries,andmodernarchitecture.Inhistory,Hilversumwaslargelyanagriculturalarea.Dailylifewasmarkedbyfarming,sheepraisingandwoolproduction.ArailwaylinktoAmsterdamin1874attractedr

12、ichtradersfromAmsterdamtoHilversum.Theybuildthemselveslargevillas(别墅)inthewoodedsurroundingsofthetown.OneofthefamiliesmovinginwastheBrenninkmeijers,currentlythewealthiestfamilyoftheNetherlands.TheymovedinafterbigsuccessinthetextileindustryandaidedasubstantialtextileindustryinHilversum.Butthetextileb

13、oomlastedonlyseveraldecades.Thelastfactoryclosedinthe1960s.Thechangetoamediaeconomystartedin1920,whentheNederlandseSeintoestedllenFabriek(NSF)establishedaradiofactoryinHiversum.Mostradiostationscalledinthelargevillasintheleafyareasofthetown.Televisiongaveanotherpushtothelocaleconomy.Hilversumbecamet

14、hemediacapitaloftheNetherlands,andDutchtelevisonstarsmovedintotheleafyneighborhoodssurroundingthetown.Intheearly1900s,modernarchitctsW.M.DudokandJ.DuikerplacedhundredsofremarkablebuildingsinHilversum.Thesemodernarchitecturalmasterpieces(杰作)aresomanythatHilversumalmostfeelslikeanopenairmuseum.Dudokal

15、oneshapedmost20thcenturyHilversumandapproximately75buildingsin1928-1931.Ithaswideinternationalfameandisincludedinmanyarchitecturetextbooks.Thebuildinghasaremarkableshapeandlookslikeacombinationof“blocks”.Actually,onemaystarthisjourneyofmodernarchitecturebywalkingorbikingtheW.M.DudokArchitecturalRout

16、einHilversum.59.HilversumisdifferentfrommostoftheNetherlandsinthat_.A.ithasalargepopulationB.itiscutofffrombigcitiesC.ithasmanybeautifulgardensD.itisinahillyareawithsandysoil60.WhatwasthegreatestcontributionoftheBrenninkmeijerstoHilversum?A.BuildingarailwaylinktoAmsterdamB.Helpingitstextileindustryt

17、odevelopC.ConstructinglargevillasforthepoorD.Assistingitsagriculturalindustry61.ThebeginningofthemediaindustryinHilversumwasmarkedbytheestablishmentof_.A.aradiofactoryB.themedialcapitalC.aradiostationD.aTVstation62.WhatisknownaboutW.M.DudoksHilversumTownHall?A.Itconsistsofapproximately75buildingsB.I

18、tlookslikeanopenairmuseuminthecityC.ItisaclassicexampleinarchitecturetextbooksD.Ithasshapedmostof20thcenturyHilvesum.【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了荷兰Hilversum这一地区的地貌特征、工业发展和现代建筑。59.D细节理解题。根据首段第二句“UnlikemostoftheNetherlands,Hilversumisactuallyahillyarea”可知Hilversum不同于荷兰其他地方之处在于它属于沙土丘陵地带。故选D项。60.B细节理解题。根据第二段倒数

19、第三句“TheymovedinafterbigsuccessinthetextileindustryandaidedasubstantialtextileindustryinHilversum”可知Brennikmeijers为Hilversum的纺织业做出了巨大的贡献。故选B项。61.A细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Thechangetoamediaeconomystartedin1920,establishedaradiofactoryinHilversum”可知Hilversum传媒业兴起的兴起是以一家无线电厂的建立为标志的。故选A项。62.C推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第三、四句“His

20、masterpieceIthaswideinternationalfameandisincludedinmanyarchitecturetextbooks”可知W.M.DudoksHilversumTownHall是建筑教科书中的一个典范。故选C项。【考点定位】说明文阅读【名师点睛】说明文用平实的语言客观地解释或探讨各种问题，如机器的制造过程、自然或社会现象产生的原因、工程项目的规划或问题的解决方案等，介绍自然科学、社会科学领域的最新成果，社会经济发展过程中出现的新生事物等。本文虽短短几段，却囊括了荷兰小镇Hilversum的前世今生，把一个不怎么出名的小城栩栩如生地呈现在中国读者的眼前。3.

21、ESciencehasalotofuses.Itcanuncoverlawsofnature,curediseases,makebombs,andhelpbridgestostandup.Indeedscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthattheresalwaysatemptation(诱惑)todragitintoproblemswhereitmaynotbehelpful.DavidBrooks,authorofTheSocialAnimal:TheHiddenSourcesofLove,Character,andAchievement,appearstobethel

22、atestinalonglineofwriterswhohavefailedtoresistthetemptation.Brooksgainedfameforseveralbooks.HislatestbookTheSocialAnimal,however,ismoreambitiousandseriousthanhisearlierbooks.Itisanattempttodealwithasetofweightytopics.Thebookfocusesonbigquestions:Whathassciencerevealedabouthumannature?Whatarethesourc

23、esofcharacter?Andwhyaresomepeoplehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersarent?Toanswerthesequestions,Brookssurveysawiderangeofdisciplines（学科）.Consideringthis,youmightexpectthebooktobeadryrecitationoffacts.ButBrookshasstructuredhisbookinanunorthodox(非常规的),andperhapsunfortunate,way.Insteadofintroducingscientifi

24、ctheories,hetellsastory,withinwhichhetriestomakehispoints,perhapsinordertokeepthereadersattention.SoasHaroldandErica,theheroandheroineinhisstory,livethroughchildhood,wehearaboutthescienceofchilddevelopmentandastheybegintodatewehearaboutthetheoryofsexualattraction.Brookscarriesthisthroughtothedeathof

25、oneofhischaracters.Onthewhole,Brookssstoryisacceptableifuninspired.Asonewouldexpect,hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,somechaptersstandoutabovetherest.Ienjoyed,forinstance,thechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhisown.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharacters,themoreseriou

26、sproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewhere.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrookssattempttotranslatehistaleintoscience.67.Theauthormentionsthefunctionsofscienceatthebeginningofthepassageto_.A.illustratewheresciencecanbeappliedB.demonstratethevalueofBrookssnewbookC.remindthereaderoftheimportanceofscienceD.ex

27、plainwhymanywritersusescienceintheirworks68.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcouldbeastrengthofthebook?A.Itsstrongbasis.B.Itsconvincingpoints.C.Itsclearwriting.D.Itsmemorablecharacters.69.Whatistheauthorsgeneralattitudetowardsthebook?A.Contradictory.B.Supportive.C.Cautious.D.Critical.70.Whati

28、stheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraph?A.Problemswiththebook.B.Brooksslifeexperience.C.Deathofthecharacters.D.Brooksstranslationskills.【解析】试题分析：本文是一篇议论文。文章先列举出科学的许多功能，接着指出科学有巨大的诱惑力，以致许多作家抵挡不住这种诱惑，在文学作品中运用到科学。并以Brooks的新书Thesocialanimal为例，批判地分析这本书的优势和不足。67.D写作用意题。首段第一、二句首先列举出科学的许多功能，接着指出科学有

29、巨大的诱惑力，以致许多作家抵挡不住这种诱惑，在文学作品中运用到科学。故选D项。68.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中“,hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,somechaptersstandoutabovetherest.Ienjoyed,”可知作者认为写作思路清晰是这本书的一大优势。故选C项。69.D观点态度题。最后一段中的链接词“while”之前是这本书的优势，其后作者指出了其不足。因此作者对这部书持批判的态度。故选D项。70.A篇章结构题。文章最后一段中链接词“while”后面部分开始谈论这本书存在的问题。因此紧接着作者应该还是在写这本的不足。故选A项。【

30、考点定位】议论文阅读【名师点睛】议论说理类文章具有以下特点：1一般按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的方法写作。作者一般从日常生活中的热点问题、社会上的重大问题、与读者息息相关的问题入手，即提出问题。然后，分析利弊，举例说明，推理判断，即分析问题。最后，阐述观点，提出办法，即解决问题。2以作者的观点或情感为核心，对细节推理等方面进行考查。3文章的主题一般是生活中的热点问题、重大问题或与生活息息相关的问题等。考生应注意抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。同时，理清作为论据的诸多事例和理由之间以及它们和观点/结论之间的内在联系，把握文章的结构。4.DTechnologicalchangei

31、severywhereandaffectseveryaspectoflife,mostlyforthebetter.However,socialchangesarebroughtaboutbynewtechnologyareoftenmistakenforachangeinattitudes.Anexampleathandistheinvolvementofparentsinthelivesoftheirchildrenwhoareattendingcollege.Surveys(调查)onthistopicsuggeststhatparentstodaycontinuetobe“very”o

32、r“somewhat”overly-protectiveevenaftertheirchildrenmoveintocollegedormitories.Thesamesurveysalsoindicatethattherateofparentalinvolvementisgreatertodaythanitwasagenerationago.Thisisusuallyinterpretedasasignthattodaysparentsaretryingtomanagetheirchildrenslivespastthepointwherethisbehaviorisappropriate.However,greaterparentalinvolvementdoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatparentsarefailingtoletgooftheir“adult”children.Inthecontext(背景)ofth