ted英语演讲稿4篇.docx

ted英语演讲稿4篇.docx

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ted英语演讲稿4篇

2018ted英语演讲稿（4篇）

　　简介：

人有了钱就会变坏?

社会心理学家paulpiff通过操纵大富翁游戏做了一个有趣的实验，测试人们感到富有时会如何表现。

　　iwantyouto,foramoment,thinkaboutplayingagameofmonopoly,exceptinthisgame,thatcombinationofskill,talentandluckthathelpearnyousuccessingames,asinlife,hasbeenrenderedirrelevant,becausethisgame'sbeenrigged,andyou'vegottheupperhand.you'vegotmoremoney,moreopportunitiestomovearoundtheboard,andmoreaccesstoresources.andasyouthinkaboutthatexperience,iwantyoutoaskyourself,howmightthatexperienceofbeingaprivilegedplayerinariggedgamechangethewaythatyouthinkaboutyourselfandregardthatotherplayer?

　　soweranastudyontheu.c.berkeleycampustolookatexactlythatquestion.webroughtinmorethan100pairsofstrangersintothelab,andwiththeflipofacoinrandomlyassignedoneofthetwotobearichplayerinariggedgame.theygottwotimesasmuchmoney.whentheypassedgo,theycollectedtwicethesalary,andtheygottorollbothdiceinsteadofone,sotheygottomovearoundtheboardalotmore.（laughter）andoverthecourseof15minutes,wewatchedthroughhiddencameraswhathappened.andwhatiwanttodotoday,forthefirsttime,isshowyoualittlebitofwhatwesaw.you'regoingtohavetopardonthesoundquality,insomecases,becauseagain,thesewerehiddencameras.sowe'veprovidedsubtitles.richplayer:

howmany500sdidyouhave?

poorplayer:

justone.

　　richplayer:

areyouserious.poorplayer:

yeah.

　　richplayer:

ihavethree.（laughs）idon'tknowwhytheygavemesomuch.

　　paulpiff:

okay,soitwasquicklyapparenttoplayersthatsomethingwasup.onepersonclearlyhasalotmoremoneythantheotherperson,andyet,asthegameunfolded,wesawverynotabledifferencesanddramaticdifferencesbegintoemergebetweenthetwoplayers.therichplayerstartedtomovearoundtheboardlouder,literallysmackingtheboardwiththeirpieceashewentaround.weweremorelikelytoseesignsofdominanceandnonverbalsigns,displaysofpowerandcelebrationamongtherichplayers.

　　wehadabowlofpretzelspositionedofftotheside.it'sonthebottomrightcornerthere.thatallowedustowatchparticipants'consummatorybehavior.sowe'rejusttrackinghowmanypretzelsparticipantseat.

　　richplayer:

arethosepretzelsatrick?

　　poorplayer:

idon'tknow.

　　pp:

okay,sonosurprises,peopleareontous.theywonderwhatthatbowlofpretzelsisdoingthereinthefirstplace.oneevenasks,likeyoujustsaw,isthatbowlofpretzelsthereasatrick?

andyet,despitethat,thepowerofthesituationseemstoinevitablydominate,andthoserichplayersstarttoeatmorepretzels.

　　richplayer:

ilovepretzels.

　　（laughter）

　　pp:

andasthegamewenton,oneofthereallyinterestinganddramaticpatternsthatweobservedbegintoemergewasthattherichplayersactuallystartedtobecomerudertowardtheotherperson,lessandlesssensitivetotheplightofthosepoor,poorplayers,andmoreandmoredemonstrativeoftheirmaterialsuccess,morelikelytoshowcasehowwellthey'redoing.richplayer:

ihavemoneyforeverything.poorplayer:

howmuchisthat?

richplayer:

youoweme24dollars.you'regoingtoloseallyourmoneysoon.i'llbuyit.ihavesomuchmoney.ihavesomuchmoney,ittakesmeforever.richplayer2:

i'mgoingtobuyoutthiswholeboard.richplayer3:

you'regoingtorunoutofmoneysoon.i'mprettymuchuntouchableatthispoint.

　　pp:

okay,andhere'swhatithinkwasreally,reallyinteresting,isthatattheendofthe15minutes,weaskedtheplayerstotalkabouttheirexperienceduringthegame.andwhentherichplayerstalkedaboutwhytheyhadinevitablywoninthisriggedgameofmonopoly--（laughter）—theytalkedaboutwhatthey'ddonetobuythosedifferentpropertiesandearntheirsuccessinthegame,andtheybecamefarlessattunedtoallthosedifferentfeaturesofthesituation,includingthatflipofacointhathadrandomlygottenthemintothatprivilegedpositioninthefirstplace.andthat'sareally,reallyincredibleinsightintohowthemindmakessenseofadvantage.

　　nowthisgameofmonopolycanbeusedasametaphorforunderstandingsocietyanditshierarchicalstructure,whereinsomepeoplehavealotofwealthandalotofstatus,andalotofpeopledon't.theyhavealotlesswealthandalotlessstatusandalotlessaccesstovaluedresources.andwhatmycolleaguesandiforthelastsevenyearshavebeendoingisstudyingtheeffectsofthesekindsofhierarchies.whatwe'vebeenfindingacrossdozensofstudiesandthousandsofparticipantsacrossthiscountryisthatasaperson'slevelsofwealthincrease,theirfeelingsofcompassionandempathygodown,andtheirfeelingsofentitlement,ofdeservingness,andtheirideologyofself-interestincreases.insurveys,wefoundthatit'sactuallywealthierindividualswhoaremorelikelytomoralizegreedbeinggood,andthatthepursuitofself-interestisfavorableandmoral.nowwhatiwanttodotodayistalkaboutsomeoftheimplicationsofthisideologyself-interest,talkaboutwhyweshouldcareaboutthoseimplications,andendwithwhatmightbedone.

　　someofthefirststudiesthatweraninthisarealookedathelpingbehavior,somethingsocialpsychologistscallpro-socialbehavior.andwewerereallyinterestedinwho'smorelikelytoofferhelptoanotherperson,someonewho'srichorsomeonewho'spoor.inoneofthestudies,webringinrichandpoormembersofthecommunityintothelabandgiveeachofthemtheequivalentof10dollars.wetoldtheparticipantsthattheycouldkeepthese10dollarsforthemselves,ortheycouldshareaportionofit,iftheywantedto,withastrangerwhoistotallyanonymous.they'llnevermeetthatstrangerandthestrangerwillnevermeetthem.andwejustmonitorhowmuchpeoplegive.individualswhomade25,000sometimesunder15,000dollarsayear,gave44percentmoreoftheirmoneytothestrangerthandidindividualsmaking150,000or200,000dollarsayear.

　　we'vehadpeopleplaygamestoseewho'smoreorlesslikelytocheattoincreasetheirchancesofwinningaprize.inoneofthegames,weactuallyriggedacomputersothatdierollsoveracertainscorewereimpossible.youcouldn'tgetabove12inthisgame,andyet,thericheryouwere,themorelikelyyouweretocheatinthisgametoearncreditstowarda$50cashprize,sometimesbythreetofourtimesasmuch.

　　werananotherstudywherewelookedatwhetherpeoplewouldbeinclinedtotakecandyfromajarofcandythatweexplicitlyidentifiedasbeingreservedforchildren--（laughter）—participating--i'mnotkidding.iknowitsoundslikei'mmakingajoke.weexplicitlytoldparticipantsthisjarofcandy'sforchildrenparticipatinginadevelopmentallabnearby.they'reinstudies.thisisforthem.andwejustmonitoredhowmuchcandyparticipantstook.participantswhofeltrichtooktwotimesasmuchcandyasparticipantswhofeltpoor.

　　we'veevenstudiedcars,notjustanycars,butwhetherdriversofdifferentkindsofcarsaremoreorlessinclinedtobreakthelaw.inoneofthesestudies,welookedatwhetherdriverswouldstopforapedestrianthatwehadposedwaitingtocrossatacrosswalk.nowincalifornia,asyouallknow,becausei'msurewealldothis,it'sthelawtostopforapedestrianwho'swaitingtocross.sohere'sanexampleofhowwedidit.that'sourconfederateofftotheleftposingasapedestrian.heapproachesastheredtrucksuccessfullystops.intypicalcaliforniafashion,it'sovertakenbythebuswhoalmostrunsourpedestrianover.（laughter）nowhere'sanexampleofamoreexpensivecar,aprius,drivingthrough,andabmwdoingthesame.sowedidthisforhundredsofvehiclesonseveraldays,justtrackingwhostopsandwhodoesn't.whatwefoundwasthatastheexpensivenessofacarincreased,thedriver'stendenciestobreakthelawincreasedaswell.noneofthecars,noneofthecarsinourleastexpensivecarcategorybrokethelaw.closeto50percentofthecarsinourmostexpensivevehiclecategorybrokethelaw.we'verunotherstudiesfindingthatwealthierindividualsaremorelikelytolieinnegotiations,toendorseunethicalbehavioratworklikestealingcashfromthecashregister,takingbribes,lyingtocustomers.

　　nowidon'tmeantosuggestthatit'sonlywealthypeoplewhoshowthesepatternsofbehavior.notatall.infact,ithinkthatweall,inourday-to-day,minute-by-minutelives,strugglewiththesecompetingmotivationsofwhen,orif,toputourowninterestsabovetheinterestsofotherpeople.andthat'sunderstandablebecausetheamericandreamisanideainwhichweallhaveanequalopportunitytosucceedandprosper,aslongasweapplyourselvesandworkhard,andapieceofthatmeansthatsometimes,youneedtoputyourowninterestsabovetheinterestsandwell-beingofotherpeoplearoundyou.butwhatwe'refindingisthat,thewealthieryouare,themorelikelyyouaretopursueavisionofpersonalsuccess,ofachievementandaccomplishment,tothedetrimentofothersaroundyou.herei'veplottedforyouthemeanhouseholdincomereceivedbyeachfifthandtopfivepercentofthepopulationoverthelast20years.in1993,thedifferencesbetweenthedifferentquintilesofthepopulation,intermsofincome,arefairlyegregious.it'snotdifficulttodiscernthattherearedifferences.butoverthelast20years,thatsignificantdifferencehasbecomeagrandcanyonofsortsbetweenthoseattheto