clhkdAAA英语语言学练习题.docx

clhkdAAA英语语言学练习题.docx

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clhkdAAA英语语言学练习题

Chp1

I.Blankfilling

1.Languereferstothe_____linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeech

community;parolereferstothe_____oflangueinactualuse.

2.Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser’s_____oftherulesofhislanguage,and

performance,theactual_____ofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.

3.“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”.ThisquotationfromShakespeareillustrates

thatlanguagehasthedesignfeatureof_____.

4.Thepropertyof_____oflanguageprovidesaspeakerwithanopportunitytotalkaboutawide

rangeofthings,freefrombarrierscausedbyseparationintimeandplace.

5.Languageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructures,oneof_____,andtheother

of_____.Thisdoublearticulationoflanguageenablesitsuserstotalkaboutanythingwithin

theirknowledge.

II.T-Fchoice

1.Linguisticscanbedefinedasthescientificstudyofaparticularlanguage.

2.Languageisarbitrarybynaturebutitisnotcompletelyarbitrary.

3.Wecanusetheword“word”totalkaboutaword,wecantalkabout“talk”,wecanthinkabout

“thinking”,thisshowsthatlanguagehasametalingualfunction.

III.Answerquestions.

1.WhatfeaturesofhumanlanguagehavebeenspecifiedbyC.Hocketttoshowthatitis

essentiallydifferentfromanyanimalcommunicationsystem

Chp2

1.Thedifferencebetweenaconsonantandavowelliesinwhetherthereisair_______intheproductionofthem.

2.Vibrationofthevocalcordsresultsinaqualityofspeechsoundscalled______,whichisafeatureofallvowelsandsomeconsonants.

3.Twowaystotranscribespeechsoundsareavailable,broadtranscriptionandnarrowtranscription.Themajordifferencebetweenthemiswithorwithout_______.

4.Thebasicunitofphonologyisaphoneme.Itisanabstractcollectionof______features.

5.Whenphonemiccontrastismentionedwerealizethatthetwosoundsbelongto_____phoneme（s）,whencomplementarydistributionisdiscussed,theallophonescomefrom______phoneme（s）.

II.

1.Phonologyaimstodiscoverhowspeechsoundsofallhumanlanguagesformpatternsandhowthesesoundsareusedtoconveymeaninginlinguisticcommunication.

2.InEnglish,pillandbillformaminimalpair,andsodolifeandknife,pinandping.

3.Thephoneme/t/and/d/canoccurinthesamepositionandtheydistinguishmeaning,thereforetheyaresaidtobeincomplementarydistribution.

4.ThedistinctivefeaturesinEnglishcanapplytotheotherlanguages,too.Forinstance,voicingdistinguishesmeaninginbothEnglishandChinese.

5.InastandardizedEnglishsyllableallofthethreepartsofonset,nucleusandcodaarecompulsory.

III.Whycanaphonemedistinguishmeaning

Chp3

1.Amorphememustconveyalexicalmeaning.

2.Allwordscanbesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.

3.Theword“modernizations”ismadeupofthreemorphemes.

4.Derivationalmorphemesneverchangetheclassofthewordstowhichtheyareattached.

5.Themorphologicalrulescanbegeneralizedinspiteofsomeexceptions.

6.Itishardtobelievethatthereisaninterfacebetweenphonologyandmorphology.

II.

1.Morphologycanbesubdividedintotwobranches:

______morphologyand______morphology.

2.Thephonologicalandorthographicalrealizationsofamorphemearetermed______.

3.[-t]、[-d]、[-id]are_______ofthemorpheme{-ed}.

4.“Careless”isthe_______oftheword“carelessness”;“Gentle”isthe______oftheword

“gentlemanliness”.

5.Amorphemecanconveytwokindsofmeanings:

_______meaningand_______meaning.

6.Comparedwithafreephrase,acompoundhasdifferentphonetic,_______,________,

andsyntacticfeatures.

III.

1.Analyzeandtellhowmanymorphemeseachofthefollowingwordscontain.

unselfishness/justifiable/descendent/overdeveloped/

naturalistically/friendships/uninvitedly

2.Howdoyouunderstandthatthereisaninterfacebetweenmorphologyandphonology

Chp4

1.Thepartofasentencewhichcomprisesaninfiniteverboraninfiniteverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledaclause.

2.Thesyntacticrulesofalanguagearefiniteinnumber,yetthereisnolimittothenumberofsentenceswhichcanbeproduced.

3.Languageisbothlinearlyandhierarchicallystructuredaccordingtothestructuralistlanguageview.

4.Phrasestructurerulesprovideexplanationsonhowsyntacticcategoriesareformedand

sentencesgenerated.

5.UGisasystemoflinguisticknowledgeandahuman-specificgiftwhichexistsinthemindofa

normalhumanbeing.

II．

1.Foranynaturallanguage,asetofs______rulesarecapableofyieldinganendlessnumberofsentences.

2.Normallyasentenceconsistsofatleastasubjectandapredicatewhichcontainsaf_______verboraverbphrase.

3.Thesequentialorderofwordsinasentencesuggeststhatthestructureofasentenceisl_______.

4.Thesubordinatesentenceinacomplexiscalledane______clauseandtheclauseintowhichitisinsertediscalledam______clause.

5.Inconductingatreediagramanalysis,theprinciplewehavetosticktoiscalledb______division.

III.

1.Drawatreediagramforeachofthefollowingtwosentencestorevealthedifference.

a.Thecatranupthetree.b.Thecatateupthefish.

2.Whydoesasentencehavebothalinearandahierarchicalstructure

Chp5

1.Intheclassicsemantictriangle,thesymbolisdirectlyrelatedtothereferent.

2.Homographsarewordswhicharepronouncedalike.

3.Thesuperordinatetermismoreinclusiveinmeaningthanitshyponyms.

4.Inapairofcomplementaryantonyms,thereexistsomeintermediateformsbetweenthetwoextremes.

5.Allthegrammaticallywell-formedsentencesarenotnecessarilysemanticallywell-formed.

6.Oneadvantageofcomponentialanalysisisthatbyspecifyingthesemanticfeaturesofwords,it

willbepossibletoshowhowthesewordsarerelatedinmeaning.

II．

1.S_____restrictionsareconstraintsonwhatlexicalitemscangowithothers.

2.Thereareoftenintermediateformsbetweenthetwomembersofapairofg_____antonyms.

3.Thevariousmeaningsofap______wordarerelatedtosomeextent.

4.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentr______indifferentsituations.

5.Hyponymyistherelationofentailment,asuperordinateentailsallh______.

6.“Buy”and“sell”areapairofr_______opposites.

7.Insemanticanalysisofasentence,thebasicunitiscalledp_______.

III.

1.Theclassicsemantictrianglereflectsthe________.

A.namingtheoryB.conceptualviewC.contextualismD.behavioristtheory

2.Thenoun“tear”andtheverb“tear”are_______.

A.homophonesB.HomographsC.polysemicwordD.completehomonyms

3.Thesentence“JohngaveMaryapresent”contains_______arguments.

A.noB.oneC.twoD.three

meaningrelationshipbetweenthetwowords“couch”and“table”is______.

A.synonymyB.polysemyC.hyponymyD.co-hyponym

5.A（n）_______isalogicalparticipantinapredication.

A.argumentB.predicateC.subjectD.patient

IV.

1.Offerrespectiveantonymforeachofthefollowingandtelltowhichcategorytheybelong.

（）

2.Namethecategorytowhicheachofthefollowingpairsofsynonymsbelong.

1.lift/elevator2.kid/child/offspring3.rotten/addled/sour

4.politician/statesman5.escape/flee6.amaze/astoud

3.Identifysenserelationbetweenthefollowingpairsofsentences.

1）a.Carlwasabachelorallhislife.

b.Carlnevermarriedallhislife.

2）a.Tedboughttwomagazines.

b.Tedboughttwothings.

3）a.Hehasnosister.

b.Hisyoungersisterisbeautiful.

Chp6

1.Pragmaticstreatsthemeaningoflanguageassomethingintrinsicandinherent.

2.Themeaningofasentenceisabstract,butcontext-dependent.

3.Themeaningofanutteranceisdecontextualized,thereforestable.

4.Utterancesalwaystaketheformofcompletesentences.

5.Perlocutionaryactistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention. 

II.

1.Whatessentiallydistinguishess_______andpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthe

contextofuseisconsidered.

2.Thenotionofc_________isessentialtothepragmaticstudyoflanguage.

3.Themeaningofasentenceisa_______,anddecontextualized.

4.C________werestatementsthateitherstateordescribe,andwerethusverifiable.

5.P________weresentencesthatdidnotstateafactordescribeastate,andwerenotverifiable.

6.Al_________actistheactofutteringwords,phrases,clauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteral

meaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.

7.Ani__________actistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention;itistheactperformed

insayingsomething.

8.Ac_________iscommitthespeakerhimselftosomefuturecourseofaction.

9.Therearefourmaximsunderthecooperativeprinciple:

themaximofq_______,themaximof

quality,themaximofrelationandthemaximofmanner. 

III.

1.Themeaningoflanguagewasconsideredassomething_______intraditionalsemantics.

A.contextualB.behaviouristicC.intrinsicD.logical

2.Asentenceisa_________concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.

A.pragmaticB.grammaticalC.mentalD.conceptual

3.Whichofthefollowingistrue

A.Utterancesusuallydonottaketheformofsentences.

B.Someutterancescannotberestoredtocompletesentences.

C.Noutterancescantaketheformofsentences.

D.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.

4.A（n）_________istheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething;itisthe

consequenceoforthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.

A.locuti