本科毕业论文英文版.docx

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本科毕业论文英文版

本科毕业论文英文版

人与自然环境

AbstractThefirstIndustrialRevolutionhappenedin1760s.Sincethattime,humanhavebegantoexploreandconquernature.Duetoexcessivedevelopment,andhuntingfornaturalresources,whichleadtoaseriesofenvironmentalproblems.Menhavetoletthemselvestoreflectandrepositiontherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.Marxistviewofnaturestudyingthisworkhasgreattheoreticalsignificanceandpracticalsignificancefortherelationshipbetweenhumanandnature.Marxismstressedthatpeoplewholiveinthenaturemustrespectthedevelopmentofobjectivelawofnature.Mencanplaytheirownsubjectiveinitiativetotransformnature,butthetransformationisbasedonrespectnaturefortheobjectivelawofthepremise.Therelationshipbetweenmanandnatureisobjectiveexistence.Itcannotbetranscended.Nowadaystheecologicalenvironmentiscruellydestroyedbypeople,whichpromotetheharmoniousdevelopmentofmanandnaturehasbecomemoreandmoreconcerned.JackLondonisafamousAmericanrealismwriter.Allhislife,hetotallycreatedabout50works,mostfamousworksareTheCallOftheWild,TheSeaWolf,TheWhiteFang.AndthemostfamousoneshouldbeTheCalloftheWild,whichisbasedonhispersonalexperienceinthebigsocialbackgroundandcreationofdognovels.Marxistviewofnatureinthenovelistheavoidingofthecrisisofhumanspiritual,human’sresponsibilitytonature,returningtotheharmonyofmanandnature.，andhowtocreateaharmoniousrelationshipbetweenmanandnature.Thedevelopmentofhumancivilizationshouldneverdehumanizeallkindsofanimals.Peopleshouldnotbebeyondallthelawsofnature,andshouldrespectanimals,respectnature.JackLondoncondemnspeoplewhorecklesslyconsumeanddespoilthenature,manshouldbuildaharmonious,equal,healthy,enduringrelationshipbetweenmanandnature.

Keywords:

manandnature;Marxism;TheCalloftheWild;JackLondon

摘要：

从十八世纪六十年代第一次工业革命开始，人类为了自己的利益开始探寻自然，征服自然。

由于过度的开发和猎取自然资源，导致一系列环境问题，不得不让我们重新思考和重新定位人与自然的关系。

而马克思主义自然观研读这部作品对于研究人与自然的关系具有很大的理论意义和现实意义。

马克思主义强调，人生活在自然界之中，必须尊重自然界的客观发展规律。

人能发挥自己的主观能动性去改造自然，但这种改造是以尊重自然界的客观规律为前提的。

对于如今生态环境遭到人们无情破坏，促进人与自然和谐发展越来越成为现代人们关注的问题。

杰克·伦敦是美国著名的现实主义作家。

他一生共创作了约50卷作品，其中最为著名的有《野性的呼唤》、《海狼》和《白牙》。

而最具代表性的则是他根据自己的经历和所见所闻为素材并结合自身所处的社会大背景而创作的狗小说——《野性的呼唤》。

本文阐述了人类和自然之间的关系，包括小说中马克思主义自然观的体现，人类精神危机的避免，人类对自然的责任，回归人类与自然的和谐，以及如何构建人与自然和谐关系。

人类文明的发展绝对不应该残害各种动物，人也不应该凌驾于一切自然法则之上的，而应是尊重动物，尊重自然。

杰克·伦敦呼吁人类停止对自然的破坏，应该建立一个和谐，平等，健康，持久的人与自然的关系。

关键字：

人与自然;马克思主义;野性的呼唤;杰克·伦敦

1Introduction1.1TheBriefIntroductionofMarxistViewofNatureThecoreofMarxistviewofnatureistherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.Marxistviewofnatureisforthediscussionoftheecologicalcrisisandthereconstructionoftheharmoniousrelationshipbetweenmanandnature.Theseallreflectthenaturetoformanewviewofnature.BaseonMarxistviewofnature,andthenewviewofnaturecanachieveintegratedinstructions.MarxandEngelsintheirwritingexplainedtherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.InTheEconomicandPhilosophicalManuscriptsof1844,Marxisagainstusingtheabstractconceptiontotalkaboutnature,butpeopleshouldputnatureintoSociety,andputtheessentialrelationshipofnatureintopeopletounderstand."Onlyinsociety,naturebasedonman,istheexistenceofthereallifeelements"马克思，2000Therefore,inMarx'sopinion.Therelationshipbetweenmanandnaturemainlydisplays:

Humanisanaturalproduct,atthesametime,itispartofthenature;Humanisthroughlabortocontactnature.Ingeneral,itisharmoniouscoexistenceforpeopleandnature.陈爱娟，2021

1.2TheBriefintroductionofJackLondon

JackLondonwasafamouswriterintheearly20thcenturyinAmerica.Hisstoriesweredrawnmainlyfromhisownexperience.Inhiswholelife,hewrote19novelsinhislife,manyshortstoriesandarticles.3playsand8autobiographicalandissociologicalbooks.AndLondonwasespeciallyfamousforhisnorthtalesandanimaltales.

ThepublicationthatfirstbroughtJackLondonworldwidefameandcontinuestobehisbest-knownworkisashortnovelwhosemaincharacterisaYukonsleddognamedbuck.Thatwork,beguninDecember1902andpublishedin1903,wasentitledTheCalloftheWild.Inthenovel,theprotagonistisadog;itissometimesclassifiedasajuvenilenovel,suitableforchildren,butitisdarkintoneandcontainsmanyscenesofcrueltyandviolence,although,inthebook,ithasbeenconsideredchildren'sbooks.Somanyliteraryscholarshavearguedthatthenovel'scomplexitieswarrantcloseanalysis.Asweknown,thechiefonesamongthetopicsofinteresttoliterarycriticsarethenovel'srelationshipstothephilosophyofthe"survivalofthefittest",whichwasinvogueattheturnofthe20thcentury.

Weknow,"Londonwasnotonlytreatinganimalslikehumanbeings,buttreatinghumanbeingslikeanimals,recognizingnoessentialdifferencebetweenmanandanimal."AbrahamRothberg,19841,London'spurposeonfindinggoldwasunsuccessful,andhecamebackintohishome.Buthefoundthatsomethingwasmoreimportantthangold.Whichiswhatwewillstudyinthelatter?

AsWalkerpointedoutthat"Talkhedid.Butthemostimportantofall,helistenedandobservedduringthosetimesinthedraughtycabins.Hestoredmemoriesandfeltthestirringofthecreativeartist."BecauseofhisexperienceinKlondike,hegainedtremendous.Amountofinsightandperspectiveandgotanabundanceofnotesandmemoriesofthenorthland.Therefore,LondonwrotehisfamousnovelNorthTalesandAnimalTalesonthebasisofhisexperienceduringthattime.

1.3ResearchPurposesandSignificance

Withtheeconomicandpopulation'sgrowth,theearthisfacingthegreatestproblem,theareawilldisappearasaconsequencemanyspeciesdie.Waterpollutionhasbeencausedbyhuman;industrieshasdischargedavarietyofpollutantsintheirwastewaterincludingheavymetals,chemicalandtoxicsubstancescausediseaseineitherhumanoranimal.Massivedestructiontotheforestwillboostwarmtemperatureandaccelerateglobalwarming.Humanactivitiesiscausingabigextinctionsandthreatsthecontinuityoflife.Aclearenvironmentisessentialforhumanhealthandwell-being,however,theinteractionbetweenmanandnaturehealtharehighlycomplexanddifficulttoassess.Peoplehavegottostarttreatingthemthatway.Peoplemaynothaveeasysolutions,butthefactis,peoplesimplycan’tcontinuelivingourlivesasifeverythingispeachy.Theseproblemsaren’tgoingtomagicallysolvethemselves.Peopleshouldhavebegunactinggenerationsago,buttheycan’tgobackintime,andthatmeanspeoplehavetostepupourefforts.Ifpeoplewanttokeepthisplanetahealthyplaceforhumanstolive–forourgrandchildrentoenjoy–it’stimetobuckledownanddoeverythinginourpowertoreversethedamagepeoplehavedone.Inthethesis,usingMarxistviewofnaturetoexplaintherelationshipbetweenmanandnaturehasgreattheoreticalandrealisticsignificance.

2LiteratureReview

Therelationshipbetweenmanandnaturehasbeenresearchedbymanyfamousecologists,geographers,philosopherswhocomefromdifferenttimesandarea.Aboutpeoplehowtocreateandbuildaharmoniousrelationshipbetweenmanandnatureexertslotsofgreatcontributions.Amongthem,thestudiesofsomewesternandChinesescholarsdeserveourspecialattention.2.1TheStudyofContextintheWestern

Bacon'sloganisknowledgeispower.Itseemstoshowthatwesternershadbeenmasterthecoreoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnatureinthattime.However,thisisactuallyanillusion.TheancientGreekandmedievalculturehasnotgiventhepracticalspiritwiththecorestatus.Asthegrowthintheculturalbackgroundofthemodernwestern,althoughthereisdemandandutilizationoftheimpulseinthedeepheartofnature,butalsogiveitmorefundamentalpositioninscientifictheory.Bacon's"Tocontrolnaturewillberequiredtoobeythenaturallaws"F·培根,1986declaredthatmodernwesternpeopleaboutthethoughtoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.Fromtheinterpretationofthephilosophytreemetaphor笛卡尔,1959,tousethenaturalinterpretationofresultsforknowledge,fortheabovestatement,DescartesforBaconprovidedafoundationofthescientifictheory.Atthistime,thenatureoftherelationshipbetweenknowledgeishighlightedbypeople.Abouttherelationshipbetweenmanandnature,Marxmadeclearandscientificanswer.Theanswerisapartoftheimportantthoughtsoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnaturethatisustoanalysistheimportanttheorybasisoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.AndMarxinTheEconomicandPhilosophicalManuscriptsof1844pointouttheperson'sdevelopmentisinseparablefromtheobjectofhisworldnature,man'sall-rounddevelopmentisinseparablefromthepractice,theyareamutualrestraintandpromotionrelation.马克思，2000Marxiststressedthatpeoplelivinginnature,mustrespecttheobjectivelawofthenaturaldevelopment.Onecanplaytheirownsubjectiveinitiativetotransformnature,butthetransformationisbasedonrespectingnaturefortheobjectivelawofthepremise.Engelshadpointedout:

"Don'ttoointoxicatewithourmasteryofvictory.Foreachsuchvictory,naturewillrevengeonus."恩格斯,1984

2.2TheStudyofContextintheChinese

TheSpring-AutumnandtheWarringStatesperiodsweremarkedbytheemancipation,thegreatleapforwardthecreativeexplorationoftheancientChinesephilosophies.Intherelationshipbetweennatureandmanthereexistedthreeschoolsofphilosophy,thenatureandmaninunity‖school,interrelated,the―mandistinguishedfromnature‖schoolandthe―joininginthenature‖s