初中英语语法大全句型转换.docx
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初中英语语法大全句型转换
初中英语语法大全:
句型转换
每年的中考试卷中,“句型转换”题所占分值较大,是为了全面考查学生在初中阶段所学的词汇(同义或反义)、短语、句型和语法等方面的知识及其它的之间的灵活运用能力。
Ⅰ.题型介绍
所谓“句型转换”就是先给一个完整的句子A,再根据括号内的要求(有时没有明确,须自己观察),在第二个句子B的空白处填上适当的词来完成的句型转换。
Ⅱ.题型分类
从形式上看,有如下几种形式:
①某一词或词组的转换;②词组与句子的转换;③同义句型的转换;④为纠正常犯语言错误而设计的题目。
从内容上看,此题型涉及的面较广,主要有:
①句子功能方面的转换。
包括陈述句(肯定与否定)、四种题疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的转换;②句子结构方面的转换。
即简单句、复合句、并列句之间的转换;③语态的转换。
即主动语态与被动语态之间的转换;④常用句型与词汇手段的转换。
Ⅲ.具体分类如下
一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换
1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句,大部分是用not来改变谓语结构,但也有借用否定意义的词,如nothing,nobody,none,neither,little,few,never,hardly等,例如:
:
A:
Tomdoeswellinmaths.
B:
Tomdoesn'tdoinmaths.
A:
Hehasmuchtodo.
B:
Hehasnothingtodo.
A:
Allofmyclassmateslikeart.
B:
Noneofmyclassmateslikesart.
2、改为疑问句。
根据上下句的结构和词的减少,来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。
例如:
A:
Mybrotheroftenhasbreakfastatschool.
B:
Does yourbrotheroften have breakfastatschool?
A:
Tom'salreadyweakinEnglish.
B:
Tom'salreadyweakinEnglish,isn'the?
A:
Theredlightchangeseverytwominutes.
B:
Howoftendoestheredlightchange?
3、改为感叹句。
根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性,来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式,例如:
A:
Thisisaninterestingbook.
B:
Whataninterestingbookthisis!
或Howinterestingthisbookis!
二、同义句转换。
根据上句,写出一个意思相同(或相近)的下句,此类形式繁多,内容复杂,涉及面广,归类如下:
1、同义词或词组之间的转换。
(通常上下句时态保持一致)。
常见的同义词或词组有:
(1)四个“花费”(spend-take-cost-take);
(2)三个“到达”(getto-reach-arrivein/at);(3)四个“收到…来信”(hearfrom-getaletterfrom-receivealetterfrom-havealetterfrom);(4)两个“擅长于…”(begoodat-dowellin);(5)两个“有空”(befree-havetime);(6)三个“入睡”(gotosleep-gettosleep-fallasleep);(7)两个“玩得开心”(enjoyoneself-haveagoodtime);(8)“给…打电话”(callsb-telephonesb-ringsb.acall-makeatelephonetosb.)(9)“飞往…”(flyto…-goto…byair/plane)(10)“自学”(teachoneself-learn…byoneself)(11)在…方面帮助help…with…-help…(to)do…(12)在…差beweakin…-dobadlyin…(13)能/会…can-beableto(14)更喜欢…like…betterthan…-prefer…to…(15)充满了…befullof…-befilledwith…(16)放弃干…giveupdoing…-stopdoing…(17)不再…nolonger-not…anylonger(18)照顾/保管takecareof…-lookafter(19)展览onshow-ondisplay(20)阻止…干…stop…fromdoing-keep/prevent…fromdoing…(21)由于thanksto-becauseof…(22)举手handsup-putupone'shands(23)最后,终于atlast-intheend(24)与…不同bedifferentfrom…-benotthesameas…(25)从…借入…borrow…from…-lend…to…(26)乘公汽/火车/的士goto…bybus/train/taxi-takeabus/train/taxito…(27)乘自行车去…goto…bybike-rideabiketo…(28)为…感到自豪beproudof…-betheprideof…(29)步行去…walkto…-goto…onfoot(30)独自地byoneself-alone等。
例如:
A:
Thechildrenhadagoodtimeinthepark.
B:
Thechildrenenjoyedthemselvesinthepark.
2、同义句型之间的转化。
常见的同义句型有①Itseemsthat从句→Somebodyseems(tobe)+adj/n ②It'skindofsb.todo…→Somebodyiskindtodo…③Whatdoes…mean?
→Whatdoyoumeanby…?
或What'sthemeaningof…?
④Thereissomethingwrongwith…→Somethingiswrongwith…⑤not…until…与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换⑥What'swrongwith…?
→What'sthematterwith…?
⑦Howis…?
→What's…like…?
⑧Howdoyoulike…?
→Whatdoyouthinkof?
⑧It'stimethat…→It'stimeforsb.todo…⑨It'ssaidthat…→Peoplesaythat…⑩CanIhelpyou?
→WhatcanIdoforyou?
例如:
A:
IwenttobedafterIfinishedmyhomework.
B:
Ididn'tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.
3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。
例如:
A:
Ifitdoesn'traintomorrow,they'llgotothepark.
B:
Unlessitrainstomorrow,they'llgotothepark.
A:
Ifyoudon'thurry,you'llbelate.
B:
Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.
A:
Fishcan'tliveifthereisnowater.
B:
Fishcan'tlivewithoutwater.
4、现在完成时态中的一句多译。
在现在完成时态中,结束性动词不能与时间段连用,必须改成相应的延续性动词。
常见的动词转换有:
buy-have,borrow-keep,die-bedead,open-beopen,join-bein+组织/bea+成员,begin-beon,leave-beawayfrom,close-beclosed,arrivein/getto/come/goto-bein/at,finsh-beover,gotosleep-beasleep,getup-beup.
例如:
Theoldmandiedfivemonthsago.
Theoldmanhasbeendeadsincefivemonthsago.
Theoldmanhasbeendeadforfivemonths.
It'sfivemonthssincetheoldmandied.
Fivemonthshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.
5、简单句与复合句之间的转换。
①含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换。
例如:
A:
Isawtheywereplayingfootballontheplayground.
B:
Isawthemplayingfootballontheplayground.
A:
Theteacherfoundthatshewasveryclever.
B:
Theteacherfoundherveryclever.
A:
HefoundthatitwashardtolearnEnglishwell.
B:
HefoundithardtolearnEnglishwell.
A:
Wearesurethatwewillwintofirstmatch.
B:
Wearesuretowintofirstmatch.
由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构。
例如:
A:
CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?
B:
Couldyoutellmehowtogettotherailwaystation?
A:
Wedon'tknowwhatweshoulddonext.
B:
Wedon'tknowwhattodonext.
②由when/after/before/while/since/until引导的时间状语从句可转化为when/after/before/while/sine/until+doing…
例如:
A:
Theywenthomeaftertheyfinishedtheirwork.
B:
Thewenthomeafterfinishingtheirwork.
A:
MrSmithhastaughtEnglishsincehecametoChina.
B:
MrSmithhastaughtEnglishsincecomingtoChina.
Whensb.+be+数词+yearsold→attheageof+岁数
A:
Whenhewastwelveyearsold,Edisonstartedwritinghisownnewspaper.
B:
Attheageoftwelve,Edisonstartedwritinghisownnewspaper.
③由so…that…引导的结果状语从句可转化为too…todo或…enoughtodo……例如:
A:
TheboxissoheavythatIcan'tcarryit.
B:
Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.
或:
Theboxisn'tlightenoughformetocarry.
A:
Thechildissooldthathecangotoschool.
B:
Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschool.
④由sothat引导的目的状语从句可转化为inordertodo例如:
A:
Myfathergotupearlythismorningsothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.
B:
Myfathergotupearlythismorninginordertocatchtheearlybus.
⑤由because引导的原因状语从句可转化为becauseof…例如:
A:
Wedidn'tgototheparkbecauseitrained.
B:
Wedidn'tgototheparkbecauseoftherain.
⑥定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语。
例如:
A:
ThemanwhoisonthebikeisJim.
B:
ThemanonthebikeisJim.
A:
Themanwhoisdrivingtheredcarismyboss.
B:
Themandrivingtheredcarismyboss.
A:
ThegirlwhoiscalledMaryismysister.
B:
ThegirlcalledMaryismysister.
6、用并列连词neither…nor;either…or…;both…and…;notonly…butalso…连句。
例如:
A:
Ihaven'tseenaTVplayforlong,andLilyhasn'teither.
B:
NeitherInorLilyhasseenaTVplayforlong.
A:
Tomisgoodatmaths,andheisgoodatFrench,too.
B:
TomisgoodatbothmathsandFrench.
neither…nor…,either…or…和notonly…butalso…连接两个主语时,谓语动词依靠近它的主语而定,即“就近原则”,但是both…and用来连接两个主语时,谓语复数。
7、主动语与被动语态的互变。
“主动”变“被动”实行“三变二不变”原则。
“三变”即是主语,谓语和宾语的变化,“二不变”即时态不变,句式不变。
例如:
A:
Theymakewatchesinthetown.
B:
Watchesaremadebytheminthetown.
A:
Icanfinishtheworkbeforeeight.
B:
Theworkcanbefinished(byme)beforeeight.
A:
DotheygrowriceinSouthChina?
B:
IsricegrowninSouthChina?
注:
使役性动词make或感观性动词see/watch/lookat/hear/listento/feel在主动语态中所带省to的不定式宾补变为被动语态时,必须加上to.
A:
Isawhimtakeyourumbrella.
B:
Hewasseentotakeyourumbrella.
8、形容词、副词二级之间的转化,例如
A:
Chineseisthemostimportantsubjectofall.
B:
Chineseismoreimportantthananyothersubject.
A:
Thisexerciseiseasierthantheothertwo.
B:
Thisexerciseistheeasiestofthethree.
Ⅵ.解题指导
要做好句型转换题,必须注意如下几点:
1、注重掌握教材中的基本句和同一句子英语的不同结构表达技巧。
2、弄清题意,明确题目考查点,了解题目所给句子与答句之间的关系。
3、注意从多角度,全方位考虑问题,突破难点,注意复查,看是否按要求完成了转换。
通过上述的归纳和指导,可以理清学生的“依章办事”的解题思路,养成“有条不紊”的解题习惯,培养多角度思维解题的能力,从而达到提高学习效率的目的。
特殊疑问句
注:
1、一般情况:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句构成。
2、特殊疑问词在句中充当成分。
3、不用yes,no回答,直接回答。
4、读降调。
5、常用疑问词:
who,what,whose,where,how,which,when,why,howmany,howmuch,howfar.Howlong,howoften,howsoon,howhigh,等。
对划线部分提问。
(把各句变为特殊疑问句)
1、 对主语(人)提问:
Theboyisrunningnow. Whoisrunningnow?
2、 对表语(人)提问:
HeisLily'sfather. Whoishe?
3、 对介宾(人)提问:
Sheislookingforthelittleboy. Whoisshelookingfor?
4、 对动宾(人)提问:
IoftenhelpWeiHuawithEnglish. WhodoyouoftenhelpwithEnglish?
5、 对间宾(人)提问:
KatelentTomaballyesterday. WhodidKatelendaballyesterday?
6、 对主语(东西)提问:
Thebooksareonthedesk.. Whatareonthedesk?
7、 对表语(东西)提问:
Theseareboats. Whatarethese?
8、 对动宾(东西)提问:
Iwantacupoftea. Whatdoyouwant?
9对职业(提问)提问:
Themanisafarmer. Whatistheman?
Whatdoesthemando?
10.对介宾(东西)提问:
Heislookingforhispen. Whatishelookingfor?
11、对是什么提问:
It'saChinesecar. Whatisit?
12、对计算结果提问:
Sixandnineisfifteen. Whatissixandnine?
13、对年级提问:
I'minGradeThree. Whatgradeareyouin?
14、对班级提问:
LiLeiisinClassFive. WhatclassisLiLeiin?
15、对年级和班级提问:
WeiHuaisinClassThreeGradeOne, WhatclassandgradeisWeihuain?
16、对排提问:
WeareinRowOne. Whatrowareyouin?
注:
1、对年级、班级、排提问时,问句中的in不能去掉.
2,what后的grade,class,row用小写形式.
3,what根据实际译为汉语.
17、对学号提问:
LucyisNumberSix. WhatnumberisLucy?
WhatisLucy'snumber?
18、对后置定语提问:
ThisisamapofChina. Whatmapisthis?
19、对颜色提问:
Theflowersarered. Whatcoloraretheflowers?
20、对几点几分提问:
It'ssix. Whattimeisit?
What'sthetime?
21、对名字提问:
MynameisLiLei. What'syourname?
22、对前置定语提问:
Theseapplesareyours. Whichapplesareyours?
ThebestoneisLily's. WhichoneisLily's?
23、对表语(名物代)提问:
Thiscupisyours. Whoseisthecup?
24、对后置定语提问:
Theboyinthehatismybrother. Whichboyisyourbrother?
25、对后置定语提问:
Iwanttobuytheshirtontheleft. Whichshirtdoyouwanttobuy?
26、对主语(名物代)提问:
Mineisred. Whoseisred?
27、对定语(形物代)提问:
Theyaremybooks. Whosebooksarethey?
28、对定语(名词所有格)提问:
ThisisLucyandLily'sroom. Whoseroomisthis?
29、对表语(名词所有格)提问:
ThiscupisKate's. Whoseisthiscup?
30对身体提问:
I'mfine(well,OK,Allright.) Howareyou?
31、对年龄提问:
Theboyisfifteen. Howoldareyou?
32、对天气提问:
It'scloudytoda