张晓芬计算机英语教材答案.docx

张晓芬计算机英语教材答案.docx

《张晓芬计算机英语教材答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《张晓芬计算机英语教材答案.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

张晓芬计算机英语教材答案

目录

UNIT1ProgrammingLanguage2

1-2-2Exercises2

UNIT2OperatingSystem4

2-2-2Exercises4

UNIT3Database5

3-2-2Exercises5

UNIT4ComputerNetwork7

4-2-2Exercises7

UNIT5SoftwareEngineering9

5-2-2Exercises9

UNIT6Middleware10

6-2-2Exercises10

UNIT7EmbeddedSystem12

7-2-2Exercises12

UNIT1ProgrammingLanguage

1-2-2Exercises

.TheSingleItemChoice

1.whatisthefirstprogramminglanguage？

A

A．usingholesinpunchedcard

B．usingTuringmachine

C.FORTRANlanguage

D.usingamagneticdrum

2.whoproposedtheAnalyticalEngine?

C

A.AdaLovelace

B.LuigiMenabrea

C.CharlesBabbage

D.HermanHollerith

3.whichstatementiscorrectbelow?

D

A.Logiccouldonlyberepresentedwithnumbers

B.Logiccouldnotberepresentedwithnumbers

C.Logiccouldonlyberepresentedwithwords

D.Logicnotonlycouldberepresentedwithnumbersbutalsowithwords.

4.whyisthefirstmodernprogramminglanguagehardtoidentify?

B

A.Becausenooneknowswhichprogramminglanguageisgoodforuse.

B.Becausetheprogramsweremorehardware-dependent.

C.Becausethereexistmanyprogramminglanguages.

D.Becausetheprogramminglanguagehasnothingtodowithhardware.

5.Tosomepeople,whatcanconfirmthefirstmodernprogramminglanguage?

A

A.howmuchpowerandhuman-readabilityisrequired

B.punchholesonaplayerpianoscroll

C.hardware

D.domain-specificlanguage

.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:

scriptinglanguage,client-side,first-classfunctions,site-specific,Webpages,multi-paradigm,implement,server-side,desktopwidgets,namingconventions

JavaScript（sometimesabbreviatedJS）isaprototype-basedscriptinglanguagethatisdynamic,weaklytypedandhasfirst-classfunctions.Itisamulti-paradigmlanguage,supportingobject-oriented,imperative,andfunctionalprogrammingstyles.

JavaScriptwasformalizedintheECMAScriptlanguagestandardandisprimarilyusedintheformofclient-sideJavaScript,implementedaspartofaWebbrowserinordertogiveenhanceduserinterfacesanddynamicwebsites.Thisenablesprogrammaticaccesstocomputationalobjectswithinahostenvironment.

JavaScript'suseinapplicationsoutsideWebpages—forexampleinPDFdocuments,site-specificbrowsers,anddesktopwidgets—isalsosignificant.NewerandfasterJavaScriptVMsandframeworksbuiltuponthem（notablyNode.js）havealsoincreasedthepopularityofJavaScriptforserver-sidewebapplications.

JavaScriptusessyntaxinfluencedbythatofC.JavaScriptcopiesmanynamesandnamingconventionsfromJava,butthetwolanguagesareotherwiseunrelatedandhaveverydifferentsemantics.ThekeydesignprincipleswithinJavaScriptaretakenfromtheSelfandSchemeprogramminglanguages.

.Read&Translate

1.TheJacquardloom,inventedin1801,usedholesinpunchedcardstorepresentsewingloomarmmovementsinordertogeneratedecorativepatternsautomatically.

发明于1801年的雅卡尔织布机利用打孔卡上的孔表示缝纫织机手臂的动作，以便自动织出装饰性的图案。

2.HermanHollerithrealizedthathecouldencodeinformationonpunchcardswhenheobservedthattrainconductorsencodetheappearanceoftheticketholdersonthetrainticketsusingthepositionofpunchedholesonthetickets.

当赫尔曼·霍尔瑞斯注意到火车售票员利用在车票上打孔的方式表达持票人到达了车站，他意识到可以将信息编码到打孔卡上。

3.However,unlikethelambdacalculus,Turing'scodedoesnotservewellasabasisforhigher-levellanguages—itsprincipaluseisinrigorousanalysesofalgorithmiccomplexity.

然而，与λ演算不同，图灵编码不能为高级语言提供一个很好的基础——它的首要作用是对算法的复杂性进行严格分析。

4.Theuseofamagneticdrumformemorymeantthatcomputerprogramsalsohadtobeinterleavedwiththerotationsofthedrum.

使用磁鼓作为存储器意味着计算机程序也要随着磁鼓的旋转而交错进行。

5.Tosomepeople,whatwasthefirstmodernprogramminglanguagedependsonhowmuchpowerandhuman-readabilityisrequiredbeforethestatusof"programminglanguage"isgranted.

“编程语言”的地位被确定下来之前，对某些人来说，最先进编程语言的判断标准建立在对其能力和可读性的需求之上。

UNIT2OperatingSystem

2-2-2Exercises

.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:

operatingsystem,pointingdevice,point-and-clickdevice,pull-down,activewindow,manipulate,cursor,workenvironment,icons

Windows,incomputerscience,isapersonalcomputeroperatingsystemsoldbyMicrosoftCorporationthatallowsuserstoentercommandswithapoint-and-clickdevice,suchasamouse,insteadofakeyboard.TheWindowsoperatingsystemprovidesuserswithagraphicaluserinterface（GUI）,whichallowsthemtomanipulatesmallpictures,calledicons,onthecomputerscreentoissuecommands.Windowsisthemostwidelyusedoperatingsystemintheworld.ItisanextensionofandreplacementforMicrosoft’sDiskOperatingSystem（MS-DOS）.

TheWindowsGUIisdesignedtobeanatural,orintuitive,workenvironmentfortheuser.WithWindows,theusercanmoveacursoraroundonthecomputerscreenwithamouse.Bypointingthecursoraticonsandclickingbuttonsonthemouse,theusercanissuecommandstothecomputertoperformanaction,suchasstartingaprogram,accessingadatafile,orcopyingadatafile.Othercommandscanbereachedthroughpull-downorclick-onmenuitems.Thecomputerdisplaystheactiveareainwhichtheuserisworkingasawindowonthecomputerscreen.Thecurrentlyactivewindowmayoverlapwithotherpreviouslyactivewindowsthatremainopenonthescreen.ThistypeofGUIissaidtoincludeWIMPfeatures:

windows,icons,menus,andpointingdevice（suchasamouse）.

.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

beresponsiblefor对……负责

externaldevice外部设备

processsynchronization进程同步

inter-processcommunication进程间通信

efficientutilization综合利用

givepriorityto给……优先权

preemptivescheduling优先式排序

concurrentusers并发用户

multiusersystem多用户系统

Interchangeably可交换地

干扰interference

可寻址的addressable

数据存储库datarepository

解除分配deallocate

按优先排序prioritize

干预intervention

多重处理multiprocessing

多任务处理multitasking

多线程multithreading

同时simultaneously

.Read&Translate

1.UnlikeMicrosoft'sWindowsCE（WindowsPhone）andGoogle'sAndroid,AppledoesnotlicenseiOSforinstallationonnon-Applehardware.

不同于微软公司的WindowsCE系统（WindowsPhone）和谷歌公司的安卓系统,苹果公司不许可非苹果公司出产的硬件系统上安装iOS系统。

2.Ithada23%shareofthesmart-phoneoperatingsystemunitssoldinthefirstquarterof2012,behindonlyGoogle'sAndroid.

它在2012年第一季度销售的智能手机中占据了23%的份额,仅次于谷歌公司的安卓系统。

3.InteractionwiththeOSincludesgesturessuchasswipe,tap,pinch,andreversepinch,allofwhichhavespecificdefinitionswithinthecontextoftheiOSoperatingsystemanditsmulti-touchinterface.

与OS系统交互的方式包括各种手势,例如手指在屏幕上滑动,轻点,以及手指间开合,这些动作所表达的意义都可以在iOS系统及其多点触控界面内进行定义。

4.IniOS,therearefourabstractionlayers:

theCoreOSlayer,theCoreServiceslayer,theMedialayer,andtheCocoaTouchlayer.

在iOS系统中,有四个抽象层：

核心操作系统层,核心服务层,媒体层,以及CocoaTouch层。

5.Thecurrentversionoftheoperatingsystem（iOS5.1.1）dedicates1-1.5GBofthedevice'sflashmemoryforthesystempartition,usingroughly800MBofthatpartition（varyingbymodel）foriOSitself.

当前版本的操作系统（iOS5.1.1）为系统分区提供1-1.5GB的闪存空间,其中使用大约800MB（因不同型号而已）是提供给iOS本身的。

UNIT3Database

3-2-2Exercises

.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthewordsgiveninthefollowinglist,makingchangesifnecessary:

digitalimages,animation,digitallibraries,transmission,storeddata,inherentqualities,traditionaldatabases,hugeamount,functionalities,multimedia-related

Multimediadatatypicallymeansdigitalimages,audio,video,animationandgraphicstogetherwithtextdata.Theacquisition,generation,storageandprocessingofmultimediadataincomputersandtransmissionovernetworkshavegrowntremendouslyintherecentpast.

Thehugeamountofdataindifferentmultimedia-relatedapplicationswarrantedtohavedatabasesasdatabasesprovideconsistency,concurrency,integrity,securityandavailabilityofdata.Fromanuserperspective,databasesprovidefunctionalitiesfortheeasymanipulation,queryandretrievalofhighlyrelevantinformationfromhugecollectionsofstoreddata.

MultiMediaDatabases（MMDBs）havetocopeupwiththeincreasedusageofalargevolumeofmultimediadatabeingusedinvarioussoftwareapplications.Theapplicationsincludedigitallibraries,manufacturingandretailing,artandentertainment,journalismandsoon.Someinherentqualitiesofmultimediadatahavebothdirectandindirectinfluenceonthedesignanddevelopmentofamultimediadatabase.MMDBsaresupposedtoprovidealmostallthefunctionalities,atraditionaldatabaseprovides.Apartfromthose,aMMDBhastoprovidesomenewandenhancedfunctionalitiesandfeatures.MMDBsarerequiredtoprovideunifiedframeworksforstoring,processing,retrieving,transmittingandpresentingavarietyofmediadatatypesinawidevarietyofformats.Atthesametime,theymustadheretonumericalconstraintsthatarenormallynotfoundintraditionaldatabases.

.TranslatethefollowingtermsorphrasesfromEnglishintoChineseandviceversa:

randomassortment随机分类

preconceived预想的

recommendation推荐

illustrate说明

essentialpart基本部分

enterprise企业

fixed-format固定格式

avastmajorityof绝大多数

indetail详细地

bedistinguishablefrom可与……区别

检索retrieval

一致的coherent

典型的representative

购买purchase

库存inventory

零售商retailer

根本的underlying

概念上的conceptual

属性attribute

可扩展的extensible

.Read&Translate

1.Themostcommonwayinwhichusersinteractwithdatabasesisthroughanapplicationprogramthatprovidesauserinterfaceatthefrontend,andinterfaceswithadatabaseatthebackend.

建立用户和数据库交互的最普遍方式是通过软件在前端建立一个用户界面,并在后端建立一个连接数据库的接口。

2.