张晓芬计算机英语教材答案.docx

1、张晓芬计算机英语教材答案目 录UNIT 1 Programming Language 21-2-2 Exercises 2UNIT 2 Operating System 42-2-2 Exercises 4UNIT 3 Database 53-2-2 Exercises 5UNIT 4 Computer Network 74-2-2 Exercises 7UNIT 5 Software Engineering 95-2-2 Exercises 9UNIT 6 Middleware 106-2-2 Exercises 10UNIT 7 Embedded System 127-2-2 Exerci

2、ses 12UNIT 1 Programming Language1-2-2 Exercises. The Single Item Choice1. what is the first programming language？ AAusing holes in punched card Busing Turing machine C. FORTRAN languageD. using a magnetic drum2. who proposed the Analytical Engine? CA. Ada LovelaceB. Luigi MenabreaC. Charles Babbage

3、D. Herman Hollerith3. which statement is correct below? D A. Logic could only be represented with numbersB. Logic could not be represented with numbersC. Logic could only be represented with wordsD. Logic not only could be represented with numbers but also with words.4. why is the first modern progr

4、amming language hard to identify? B A. Because no one knows which programming language is good for use.B. Because the programs were more hardware-dependent.C. Because there exist many programming languages.D. Because the programming language has nothing to do with hardware.5. To some people, what ca

5、n confirm the first modern programming language? A A. how much power and human-readability is requiredB. punch holes on a player piano scrollC. hardwareD. domain-specific language. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:scripting lan

6、guage, client-side, first-class functions, site-specific, Web pages, multi-paradigm, implement, server-side, desktop widgets, naming conventionsJavaScript (sometimes abbreviated JS) is a prototype-based scripting language that is dynamic, weakly typed and has first-class functions. It is a multi-par

7、adigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.JavaScript was formalized in the ECMAScript language standard and is primarily used in the form of client-side JavaScript, implemented as part of a Web browser in order to give enhanced user interfaces and dyna

8、mic websites. This enables programmatic access to computational objects within a host environment.JavaScripts use in applications outside Web pages for example in PDF documents, site-specific browsers, and desktop widgets is also significant. Newer and faster JavaScript VMs and frameworks built upon

9、 them (notably Node.js) have also increased the popularity of JavaScript for server-side web applications.JavaScript uses syntax influenced by that of C. JavaScript copies many names and naming conventions from Java, but the two languages are otherwise unrelated and have very different semantics. Th

10、e key design principles within JavaScript are taken from the Self and Scheme programming languages. Read & Translate1. The Jacquard loom, invented in 1801, used holes in punched cards to represent sewing loom arm movements in order to generate decorative patterns automatically.发明于1801年的雅卡尔织布机利用打孔卡上的

11、孔表示缝纫织机手臂的动作，以便自动织出装饰性的图案。2. Herman Hollerith realized that he could encode information on punch cards when he observed that train conductors encode the appearance of the ticket holders on the train tickets using the position of punched holes on the tickets.当赫尔曼霍尔瑞斯注意到火车售票员利用在车票上打孔的方式表达持票人到达了车站，他意识到

12、可以将信息编码到打孔卡上。3. However, unlike the lambda calculus, Turings code does not serve well as a basis for higher-level languagesits principal use is in rigorous analyses of algorithmic complexity.然而，与演算不同，图灵编码不能为高级语言提供一个很好的基础它的首要作用是对算法的复杂性进行严格分析。4. The use of a magnetic drum for memory meant that compute

13、r programs also had to be interleaved with the rotations of the drum. 使用磁鼓作为存储器意味着计算机程序也要随着磁鼓的旋转而交错进行。5. To some people, what was the first modern programming language depends on how much power and human-readability is required before the status of programming language is granted.“编程语言”的地位被确定下来之前，对某

14、些人来说，最先进编程语言的判断标准建立在对其能力和可读性的需求之上。UNIT 2 Operating System2-2-2 Exercises. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:operating system, pointing device, point-and-click device, pull-down, active window, manipulate, cursor, work environmen

15、t, iconsWindows, in computer science, is a personal computer operating system sold by Microsoft Corporation that allows users to enter commands with a point-and-click device, such as a mouse, instead of a keyboard. The Windows operating system provides users with a graphical user interface (GUI), wh

16、ich allows them to manipulate small pictures, called icons, on the computer screen to issue commands. Windows is the most widely used operating system in the world. It is an extension of and replacement for Microsofts Disk Operating System (MS-DOS).The Windows GUI is designed to be a natural, or int

17、uitive, work environment for the user. With Windows, the user can move a cursor around on the computer screen with a mouse. By pointing the cursor at icons and clicking buttons on the mouse, the user can issue commands to the computer to perform an action, such as starting a program, accessing a dat

18、a file, or copying a data file. Other commands can be reached through pull-down or click-on menu items. The computer displays the active area in which the user is working as a window on the computer screen. The currently active window may overlap with other previously active windows that remain open

19、 on the screen. This type of GUI is said to include WIMP features: windows, icons, menus, and pointing device (such as a mouse). Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:be responsible for 对负责external device 外部设备process synchronization 进程同步inter-process commu

20、nication 进程间通信efficient utilization 综合利用give priority to 给优先权preemptive scheduling 优先式排序concurrent users 并发用户multi user system 多用户系统Interchangeably 可交换地干扰 interference可寻址的 addressable数据存储库 data repository解除分配 deallocate按优先排序 prioritize干预 intervention多重处理 multiprocessing多任务处理 multitasking多线程 multithr

21、eading同时 simultaneously. Read & Translate1. Unlike Microsofts Windows CE (Windows Phone) and Googles Android, Apple does not license iOS for installation on non-Apple hardware.不同于微软公司的Windows CE系统 (Windows Phone)和谷歌公司的安卓系统, 苹果公司不许可非苹果公司出产的硬件系统上安装iOS系统。2. It had a 23% share of the smart-phone operati

22、ng system units sold in the first quarter of 2012, behind only Googles Android.它在2012年第一季度销售的智能手机中占据了23%的份额, 仅次于谷歌公司的安卓系统。3. Interaction with the OS includes gestures such as swipe, tap, pinch, and reverse pinch, all of which have specific definitions within the context of the iOS operating system a

23、nd its multi-touch interface.与OS系统交互的方式包括各种手势, 例如手指在屏幕上滑动, 轻点, 以及手指间开合, 这些动作所表达的意义都可以在iOS系统及其多点触控界面内进行定义。4. In iOS, there are four abstraction layers: the Core OS layer, the Core Services layer, the Media layer, and the Cocoa Touch layer.在iOS系统中, 有四个抽象层：核心操作系统层, 核心服务层, 媒体层, 以及Cocoa Touch层。5. The cur

24、rent version of the operating system (iOS 5.1.1) dedicates 1-1.5 GB of the devices flash memory for the system partition, using roughly 800 MB of that partition (varying by model) for iOS itself.当前版本的操作系统(iOS5.1.1) 为系统分区提供1-1.5GB的闪存空间, 其中使用大约800MB(因不同型号而已)是提供给iOS本身的。UNIT 3 Database3-2-2 Exercises. F

25、ill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:digital images, animation, digital libraries, transmission, stored data, inherent qualities, traditional databases, huge amount, functionalities, multimedia-related Multimedia data typically mean

26、s digital images, audio, video, animation and graphics together with text data. The acquisition, generation, storage and processing of multimedia data in computers and transmission over networks have grown tremendously in the recent past. The huge amount of data in different multimedia-related appli

27、cations warranted to have databases as databases provide consistency, concurrency, integrity, security and availability of data. From an user perspective, databases provide functionalities for the easy manipulation, query and retrieval of highly relevant information from huge collections of stored d

28、ata. MultiMedia Databases (MMDBs) have to cope up with the increased usage of a large volume of multimedia data being used in various software applications. The applications include digital libraries, manufacturing and retailing, art and entertainment, journalism and so on. Some inherent qualities o

29、f multimedia data have both direct and indirect influence on the design and development of a multimedia database. MMDBs are supposed to provide almost all the functionalities, a traditional database provides. Apart from those, a MMDB has to provide some new and enhanced functionalities and features.

30、 MMDBs are required to provide unified frameworks for storing, processing, retrieving, transmitting and presenting a variety of media data types in a wide variety of formats. At the same time, they must adhere to numerical constraints that are normally not found in traditional databases. Translate t

31、he following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:random assortment 随机分类preconceived 预想的recommendation 推荐illustrate 说明essential part 基本部分enterprise 企业fixed-format 固定格式a vast majority of 绝大多数in detail 详细地be distinguishable from 可与区别检索 retrieval一致的 coherent典型的 representative购买 pur

32、chase库存 inventory零售商 retailer根本的 underlying概念上的 conceptual属性 attribute可扩展的 extensible. Read & Translate1. The most common way in which users interact with databases is through an application program that provides a user interface at the front end, and interfaces with a database at the back end.建立用户和数据库交互的最普遍方式是通过软件在前端建立一个用户界面, 并在后端建立一个连接数据库的接口。2.