全国通用版高考英语三轮冲刺提分练话题练第17练科普知识与现代技术.docx
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全国通用版高考英语三轮冲刺提分练话题练第17练科普知识与现代技术
科普知识与现代技术
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.TheInternethasenabledus(know)andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter.
2.However,someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharmmankind.
3.Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology(bring)aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar.
4.Iwilltellyou(direct)thatscientistsarethosewhopromotethesocialprogress.
5.In18thcentury,the(invent)ofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution.
6.Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch(convenient)tous.
7.Incontrast,thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnectedmoderninventionsclosely.
8.WhyIsayitnormalisbecauseIbelievethatnothingis(absolute)goodandrightforus.
9.Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport,thereareplentyofotherthings,(include)robots.
10.Wecandomanythingsthatwedidn’thavetheabilitytodointhepastby(use)robots.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
11.Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.
12.Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingequipmentsandinformation.
13.Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages,forexamples,ithassomuchjunkinformationthatbotherusalot.
14.Ifourgovernmentdoitwell,IfullbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.
15.Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife,thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitsothere’remanyaccidents.
16.Actually,robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp.
17.Weliveinanagewhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.
18.Thenewtechnology,ifapplyingtoricegrowing,willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.
19.Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.
20.Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninventioninourlife—thecomputernetwork.
话题词汇
1.advantagen.优势
2.artificialadj.人造的,人工的
3.negativeeffect负面影响
4.breakthroughn.突破
5.surftheInternet上网
6.explorev.探索
7.conveniencen.方便
8.withthedevelopmentof...随着……的发展
9.changeone’slife改变某人的生活
10.drawbackn.缺点,不利条件
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2018·辽宁葫芦岛一模)
AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland,sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.
Thefarmanimals,whoaresocialandhavelargebrains,werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother,aswellasfamiliarhumans.However,theirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel.
Therecentstudy,theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournalRoyalSocietyshowedthatthewoollycreaturescouldbetrainedtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces,includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson.
Initially,thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.Later,theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle,thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percent—thesamerateatwhichahuman’sabilitytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknowthattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”saidProfessorJennyMorton,wholedtheCambridgestudy.“We’veshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedfacerecognitionabilities,closetothoseofhumansandmonkeys.”
Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings,andsomedisordersofthebrain,includingHuntington’sdisease,affectthisability.
“Sheeparelonglivedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseofsomemonkeys.Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain,suchasHuntington’sdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive(认知的)abilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”Mortonsaid.
21.Accordingtothenewresearch,what’sunusualaboutsheep?
A.Theyhavelargebrains.
B.Theycanrecognizetheirowners.
C.Theycantellanimalsfromhumans.
D.Theycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.
22.Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep?
A.Bygivingfoodrewards.
B.Byshowingphotosoffamouspeople.
C.Byguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers.
D.Byshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns.
23.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.Sheephaveahigherfacerecognitionabilitythanmonkeys.
B.Thenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges.
C.Thesheep’sfacerecognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain.
D.Thesheep’sfacerecognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle.
24.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.AWonderfulScientist
B.TheLifeofSheep
C.ANewDiscoveryAboutSheep
D.HowSheepRecognizeEachOther
B
(2018·四川内江一模)
Inrecentyears,carmanufacturers(制造商)havebeenputunderpressuretoinventavehiclethatisbothcheapertorunandbetterfortheenvironment.
Oneofthefirstideasthatcarmanufacturerstriedwastoreplaceengineswhichrunonfossil(化石)fuelswithelectricmotors.Unfortunately,thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidn’tsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.
However,carmanufacturershaveimprovedtheconcept.Thisiswherethehybridcar,whichhasbothanelectricmotorandatraditionalpetrolengine,comesin.Theelectricmotorneverneedstoberechargedanditismuchbetterfortheplanetthanatraditionalcar.
Inahybridcar,theengineiscontrolledbyacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol,electricity,orboth.Whenthecarneedsmaximumpower,forexample,ifitisacceleratingorclimbingasteephill,itusesallofitsresources(资源),butatsteadyspeedsitrunsonlyonpetrol.Whenslowingdownorbreaking,theelectricmotorrechargesitsbatteries.
Hybridcarsarebetterfortheenvironmentbecausetheyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcar.Also,hybridcarsonthemarketaremadeusingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber,whichmakesthemextremelylight.Bothofthemmeanthattheyuselesspetrolthannormalcars,sotheyproducelesspollution.
Ofcourse,hybridcarsaren’tperfect;theystillrunonfossilfuelsandsopollutetheenvironmenttoacertaindegree.However,theymaybethefirststepalongtheroadtocleaner,“greener”cars.Carmanufacturersarealreadyworkingonvehicleswhichrunonhydrogengivingoffharmlesswatervapor.Itlookslikewemightbeheadingintherightdirection.
25.Whatcanweknowaboutthevehicleswhichranonelectricmotors?
A.Theymovedveryfast.
B.Theywereunpopular.
C.Theirengineswereoftenreplaced.
D.Theirengineswereexpensive.
26.Howdoesthecomputerinahybridcarfunction?
A.Itkeepsthecarrunningsteadily.
B.Itdirectsthecartoclimbhills.
C.Itdecideswheretopowerthecar.
D.Itcontrolshowthecarusespower.
27.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartrefertoinParagraph5?
A.Car’ssmallerengineandspecialmaterials.
B.Electricmotorandpetrolengine.
C.Hybridcarandhydrogencar.
D.Aluminumandcarbonfiber.
28.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?
A.Cars’EnginesB.CarPollution
C.GreenCarsD.Cars’Advantages
Ⅳ.完形填空
IwasconfusedwhileIwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.IwassittingtherelookingatwhatI’d29andwonderedifanyoneelsecouldseethe30inmymind.I’maboutto31alotoffatandwashitdownwithadietsoda.
WhatcanIsay?
I’mtryingtolosesomeweight.32,Idothingslikethatallthetime,whichisprobablywhythepoundsare33soslowly.Ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill(跑步机)andI34myselfwithpotatochips.I35thatIwillnolongereatthemagain,soIjusteatalotatthistime.Imakeitallthewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsolutelyright,andthenatbedtime“justonechipwon’t36it”turnsinto“wheredidthatentirebagofpotatochipsgo?
”
Ofcourse,I37dowellwithmyweightlossprogram.OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperlyandexercising38.Iwasstartingtofeela(n)39.Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.Butjustasitwasabouttobecomea40,Ienteredaperiodoflong,latenightsfilledwith41deadlines.Isatinfrontofmycomputer,eatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay42.Withinafewdays,thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa43.
Unfortunatebut44,Iwastootiredtogetonthetreadmill.45,Ihadworktodo,forwhichIneededalltheenergyIcould46.SoIstartedskippingexercisesessions.And47Istarteddoingso,itbecameeasiertoskipthem.
Therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo.Everyreasonisjustanother48.
29.A.cookedB.ordered
C.designedD.introduced
30.A.battleB.competition
C.performanceD.practice
31.A.burnB.contain
C.loseD.consume
32.A.SurprisinglyB.Happily
C.UnfortunatelyD.Hopefully
33.A.comingoffB.passingaway
C.takingoffD.turningaway
34.A.equipB.connect
C.presentD.reward
35.A.agreeB.pretend
C.imagineD.decide
36.A.hurtB.count
C.changeD.solve
37.A.alwaysB.sometimes
C.seldomD.never
38.A.hardlyB.instantly
C.regularlyD.slightly
39.A.urgeB.attraction
C.differenceD.pain
40.A.planB.habit
C.gameD.hobby
41.A.originalB.common
C.inspiringD.tight
42.A.awakeB.calm
C.healthyD.strong
43.A.goalB.memory
C.realityD.trend
44.A.unbelievableB.changeable
C.understandableD.enjoyable
45.A.ThereforeB.However
C.BesidesD.Otherwise
46.A.lackB.save
C.showD.throw
47.A.onceB.before
C.unlessD.though
48.A.choiceB.fault
C.causeD.excuse
答案解析
Ⅰ.1.toknow 2.to 3.hasbrought 4.directly 5.invention6.convenience 7.with 8.absolutely 9.including 10.using
Ⅱ.11.Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethem
attractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.
12.Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincluding
andinformation.
13.Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages,forexamples,ithassomuchjunkinformationthat
usalot.
14.Ifourgovernmentdoitwell,I
believethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.
15.Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife,thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeit
there’remanyaccidents.
16.Actually,robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygiveto\usmuchhelp.
17.Weliveinanage
moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.
18.Thenewtechnology,if
toricegrowing,willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.
19.Hethoughtthatthekeyto
peoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.
20.Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmodern
inourlife—thecomputernetwork.
Ⅲ.
21.D [细节理解题。
由第一段中的“sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs”可知,绵羊的不寻常之处在于它们能够从照片中识别人脸,故选D。
]
22.A [细节理解题。
由第四段首句“Initially,thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.”可知,研究人员通过给绵羊食物奖励来训练绵羊,故选A。
]
23.B [推理判断题。
由最后一段中的“Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelp...Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”可以推断出,该项新发现有益