全国通用版高考英语三轮冲刺提分练话题练第17练科普知识与现代技术.docx

全国通用版高考英语三轮冲刺提分练话题练第17练科普知识与现代技术.docx

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全国通用版高考英语三轮冲刺提分练话题练第17练科普知识与现代技术

科普知识与现代技术

基础巩固

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．TheInternethasenabledus（know）andunderstandthewholeworldmuchbetter.

2．However，someofscientificinventionshaveevencausedgreatharmmankind.

3．Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology（bring）aboutgreatchangestohumanlifesofar.

4．Iwilltellyou（direct）thatscientistsarethosewhopromotethesocialprogress.

5．In18thcentury，the（invent）ofthesteamengineledtothefirstIndustrialRevolution.

6．Weneedtoacceptthefactthatthesemoderninventionshavebroughtmuch（convenient）tous.

7．Incontrast，thisconditionjustindicatesthatourlifeisconnectedmoderninventionsclosely.

8．WhyIsayitnormalisbecauseIbelievethatnothingis（absolute）goodandrightforus.

9．Exceptforthemoderninventionsoftransport，thereareplentyofotherthings，（include）robots.

10．Wecandomanythingsthatwedidn’thavetheabilitytodointhepastby（use）robots.

Ⅱ.单句改错（每小题仅有1处错误）

11．Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.

12．Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincludingequipmentsandinformation.

13．Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthatbotherusalot.

14．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，IfullbelievethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.

15．Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeitsothere’remanyaccidents.

16．Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygivetousmuchhelp.

17．Weliveinanagewhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.

18．Thenewtechnology，ifapplyingtoricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.

19．Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.

20．Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmoderninventioninourlife—thecomputernetwork.

话题词汇

1．advantagen．优势

2．artificialadj.人造的，人工的

3．negativeeffect负面影响

4．breakthroughn．突破

5．surftheInternet上网

6．explorev．探索

7．conveniencen．方便

8．withthedevelopmentof...随着……的发展

9．changeone’slife改变某人的生活

10．drawbackn．缺点，不利条件

能力提升

Ⅲ.阅读理解

A

（2018·辽宁葫芦岛一模）

AccordingtoanewresearchfromtheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland，sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.

Thefarmanimals，whoaresocialandhavelargebrains，werepreviouslyknowntobeabletorecognizeoneanother，aswellasfamiliarhumans.However，theirabilitytorecognizehumanfacesfromphotosaloneisnovel.

Therecentstudy，theresultsofwhichwerepublishedinthejournalRoyalSocietyshowedthatthewoollycreaturescouldbetrainedtorecognizestillimagesofhumanfaces，includingthoseofformerPresidentBarackObamaandactressEmmaWatson.

Initially，thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.Later，theywereabletorecognizetheimagesforwhichtheyhadbeenrewarded.Thesheepcouldevenrecognizeimagesoffacesshownatanangle，thoughtheirabilitytodosodeclinedbyabout15percent—thesamerateatwhichahuman’sabilitytoperformthesametaskdeclines.“Anyonewhohasspenttimeworkingwithsheepwillknowthattheyareintelligentandindividualanimalswhoareabletorecognizetheirhandlers.”saidProfessorJennyMorton，wholedtheCambridgestudy.“We’veshownwithourstudythatsheephaveadvancedfacerecognitionabilities，closetothoseofhumansandmonkeys.”

Recognizingfacesisoneofthemostimportantsocialskillsforhumanbeings，andsomedisordersofthebrain，includingHuntington’sdisease，affectthisability.

“Sheeparelonglivedandhavebrainsthataresimilarinsizeandcomplexitytothoseofsomemonkeys.Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelpusunderstanddisordersofthebrain，suchasHuntington’sdiseasethatdevelopoveralongtimeandaffectcognitive（认知的）abilities.Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”Mortonsaid.

21．Accordingtothenewresearch，what’sunusualaboutsheep?

A．Theyhavelargebrains.

B．Theycanrecognizetheirowners.

C．Theycantellanimalsfromhumans.

D．Theycanrecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs.

22．Howdidtheresearcherstrainthesheep?

A．Bygivingfoodrewards.

B．Byshowingphotosoffamouspeople.

C．Byguidingthemtofollowtheirhandlers.

D．Byshowingphotosofhumansandmonkeysbyturns.

23．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A．Sheephaveahigherfacerecognitionabilitythanmonkeys.

B．Thenewdiscoveryisofgreatbenefittothestudyofcognitiveabilitychanges.

C．Thesheep’sfacerecognitionabilitymaypreventsomedisordersofthebrain.

D．Thesheep’sfacerecognitionabilitystaysthesamewhenshownphotosatanyangle.

24．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A．AWonderfulScientist

B．TheLifeofSheep

C．ANewDiscoveryAboutSheep

D．HowSheepRecognizeEachOther

B

（2018·四川内江一模）

Inrecentyears，carmanufacturers（制造商）havebeenputunderpressuretoinventavehiclethatisbothcheapertorunandbetterfortheenvironment.

Oneofthefirstideasthatcarmanufacturerstriedwastoreplaceengineswhichrunonfossil（化石）fuelswithelectricmotors.Unfortunately，thesevehicleshadseveraldisadvantagesandtheydidn’tsellverywell.Theproblemswerethatthebatteriesoftheseelectriccarsranoutveryquicklyandtookalongtimetorecharge.

However，carmanufacturershaveimprovedtheconcept.Thisiswherethehybridcar，whichhasbothanelectricmotorandatraditionalpetrolengine，comesin.Theelectricmotorneverneedstoberechargedanditismuchbetterfortheplanetthanatraditionalcar.

Inahybridcar，theengineiscontrolledbyacomputerwhichdetermineswhetherthecarrunsonpetrol，electricity，orboth.Whenthecarneedsmaximumpower，forexample，ifitisacceleratingorclimbingasteephill，itusesallofitsresources（资源），butatsteadyspeedsitrunsonlyonpetrol.Whenslowingdownorbreaking，theelectricmotorrechargesitsbatteries.

Hybridcarsarebetterfortheenvironmentbecausetheyhaveamuchsmallerenginethanatraditionalcar.Also，hybridcarsonthemarketaremadeusingmaterialssuchasaluminumandcarbonfiber，whichmakesthemextremelylight.Bothofthemmeanthattheyuselesspetrolthannormalcars，sotheyproducelesspollution.

Ofcourse，hybridcarsaren’tperfect;theystillrunonfossilfuelsandsopollutetheenvironmenttoacertaindegree.However，theymaybethefirststepalongtheroadtocleaner，“greener”cars.Carmanufacturersarealreadyworkingonvehicleswhichrunonhydrogengivingoffharmlesswatervapor.Itlookslikewemightbeheadingintherightdirection.

25．Whatcanweknowaboutthevehicleswhichranonelectricmotors?

A．Theymovedveryfast.

B．Theywereunpopular.

C．Theirengineswereoftenreplaced.

D．Theirengineswereexpensive.

26．Howdoesthecomputerinahybridcarfunction?

A．Itkeepsthecarrunningsteadily.

B．Itdirectsthecartoclimbhills.

C．Itdecideswheretopowerthecar.

D．Itcontrolshowthecarusespower.

27．WhatdoestheunderlinedpartrefertoinParagraph5?

A．Car’ssmallerengineandspecialmaterials.

B．Electricmotorandpetrolengine.

C．Hybridcarandhydrogencar.

D．Aluminumandcarbonfiber.

28．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?

A．Cars’EnginesB．CarPollution

C．GreenCarsD．Cars’Advantages

Ⅳ.完形填空

IwasconfusedwhileIwaseatinglunchinarestauranttheotherday.IwassittingtherelookingatwhatI’d29andwonderedifanyoneelsecouldseethe30inmymind.I’maboutto31alotoffatandwashitdownwithadietsoda.

WhatcanIsay？

I’mtryingtolosesomeweight.32，Idothingslikethatallthetime，whichisprobablywhythepoundsare33soslowly.Ispendhalfanhouronthetreadmill（跑步机）andI34myselfwithpotatochips.I35thatIwillnolongereatthemagain，soIjusteatalotatthistime.Imakeitallthewaythroughtheentiredaydoingeverythingabsolutelyright，andthenatbedtime“justonechipwon’t36it”turnsinto“wheredidthatentirebagofpotatochipsgo？

”

Ofcourse，I37dowellwithmyweightlossprogram.OnceIputtogethertwofullweeksofeatingproperlyandexercising38.Iwasstartingtofeela（n）39.Icouldbendovertotiemyshoesmoreeasily.Butjustasitwasabouttobecomea40，Ienteredaperiodoflong，latenightsfilledwith41deadlines.Isatinfrontofmycomputer，eatingsnacksanddrinkingsodastohelpmestay42.Withinafewdays，thehabitofasensibleeatingandexercisingwasa43.

Unfortunatebut44，Iwastootiredtogetonthetreadmill.45，Ihadworktodo，forwhichIneededalltheenergyIcould46.SoIstartedskippingexercisesessions.And47Istarteddoingso，itbecameeasiertoskipthem.

Therearealwaysreasonsnottodothethingsthatwereallyshoulddo.Everyreasonisjustanother48.

29．A.cookedB．ordered

C．designedD．introduced

30．A.battleB．competition

C．performanceD．practice

31．A.burnB．contain

C．loseD．consume

32．A.SurprisinglyB．Happily

C．UnfortunatelyD．Hopefully

33．A.comingoffB．passingaway

C．takingoffD．turningaway

34．A.equipB．connect

C．presentD．reward

35．A.agreeB．pretend

C．imagineD．decide

36．A.hurtB．count

C．changeD．solve

37．A.alwaysB．sometimes

C．seldomD．never

38．A.hardlyB．instantly

C．regularlyD．slightly

39．A.urgeB．attraction

C．differenceD．pain

40．A.planB．habit

C．gameD．hobby

41．A.originalB．common

C．inspiringD．tight

42．A.awakeB．calm

C．healthyD．strong

43．A.goalB．memory

C．realityD．trend

44．A.unbelievableB．changeable

C．understandableD．enjoyable

45．A.ThereforeB．However

C．BesidesD．Otherwise

46．A.lackB．save

C．showD．throw

47．A.onceB．before

C．unlessD．though

48．A.choiceB．fault

C．causeD．excuse

答案解析

Ⅰ.1.toknow　2.to　3.hasbrought　4.directly　5.invention6．convenience　7.with　8.absolutely　9.including　10.using

Ⅱ.11.Therobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethem

attractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.

12．Acomputernetworkallowsuserstoshareresourcesincluding

andinformation.

13．Butsomeonepointsoutitsdisadvantages，forexamples，ithassomuchjunkinformationthat

usalot.

14．Ifourgovernmentdoitwell，I

believethattheInternetwillprovidemoreconvenienceforus.

15．Themoderntransportbenefitsourlife，thoughsomepeoplealsocriticizeit

there’remanyaccidents.

16．Actually，robotsofreallifealsohavedifferentkindsoffunctionsandtheygiveto\usmuchhelp.

17．Weliveinanage

moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.

18．Thenewtechnology，if

toricegrowing，willhelpincreasethegrainoutput.

19．Hethoughtthatthekeyto

peoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.

20．Iwanttointroduceoneofthemostinfluentialmodern

inourlife—thecomputernetwork.

Ⅲ.

21．D　[细节理解题。

由第一段中的“sheepareabletorecognizehumanfacesfromphotographs”可知，绵羊的不寻常之处在于它们能够从照片中识别人脸，故选D。

]

22．A　[细节理解题。

由第四段首句“Initially，thesheepweretrainedtoapproachcertainimagesbybeinggivenfoodrewards.”可知，研究人员通过给绵羊食物奖励来训练绵羊，故选A。

]

23．B　[推理判断题。

由最后一段中的“Thatmeanstheycanbeusefulmodelstohelp...Ourstudygivesusanotherwaytomonitorhowtheseabilitieschange.”可以推断出，该项新发现有益