高一英语阅读理解专项训练及答案.docx

高一英语阅读理解专项训练及答案.docx

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高一英语阅读理解专项训练及答案

高一英语阅读理解专项训练及答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Theyhadadozenchildren,sixboysandsixgirls,inseventeenyears.OnereasonDadhadsomanychildrenwasthathewasconfidentanythingheandMotherteameduponwassuretobeasuccess.

   OurhouseatMontclair,NewJersey,wasasortofschoolforscientificmanagementandtheremovalofwastedmotions—or“motionstudy,”asDadandMothernamedit.

   Dadtookmovingpicturesofuschildrenwashingdishes,sothathecoulddeterminehowwecouldreduceourmotionsandthushurrythroughthetask.Eachchildwhowantedextrapocketmoneyputforwardanoffersayingwhathewoulddothejobfor.Thelowestbiddergotthecontract（合约）.

   Dadputprocessandworkchartsinthebathrooms.Everychildoldenoughtowrite—andDadexpectedhischildrentostartwritingatayoungage—wasrequiredtosigntheirnamesonthechartsinthemorningafterhehadbrushedhisteeth,takenabath,combedhishair,andmadehisbed.Atnight,eachchildhadtoweighhimself,markthefigureonagraph,andsigntheprocesschartsagainafterhehaddonehishomework,washedhishandsandface,andbrushedhisteeth.Motherwantedtohaveaplaceonthechartsforsayingprayers,butDadsaidasfarashewasconcernedprayerswerevoluntary.

   Itwasstrictmanagement,allright.Yes,athomeoronthejob,Dadwasalwaystheefficiencyexpert.Hebuttonedhisvestfromthebottomup,insteadoffromthetopdown,becausethebottom-to-topprocesstookhimonlythreeseconds,whilethetop-to-bottomtookseven.Heevenusedtwoshavingbrushestomakehisfacesmoothenough,becausehefoundthatbysodoinghecouldcutseventeensecondsoffhisshavingtime.Forawhilehetriedshavingwithtworazors,buthefinallygavethatup.

   “Icansaveforty-fourseconds,”hecomplained,“butIwastedtwominutesthismorningputtingthisbandageonmythroat.”Itwasn'ttheinjuredthroatthatreallybotheredhim.Itwasthetwominutes.

（1）Whywastheauthor'shouseconsideredasortofschool?

A. Ithadateamoftwelvechildrenthere.           B. Thechildrenweretaughthowtoworkwellinit.

C. Theparentscouldteachtheirchildrenbetterathome.         

D. Theparentscouldhavethechildren'sdailyactivitiesrecorded.

（2）Whatisthepurposeofsigningthecharts?

A. Tohelptodothingsefficiently.                      

B. Tomanagethebigfamilyeffectively.

C. Tolookafterthechildrenbetter.                    

D. Toremindthechildrentoobeytherules.

（3）Whatdidthefathercomplainaboutonemorning?

A. Heshouldhavegivenupshaving.                  

B. Hisbleedingthroatbotheredhim.

C. Hecouldn'tshavewithtworazors.                 

D. Hefailedtocutshorthisshavingtime.

（4）Wecanweinferfromthetext?

A. Thekidshadtobidforeverythingtheywanted.         

B. Theauthortookprideinhisfather'smanagement.

C. Thecouplewerealwaystroubledbytheirchildren.         

D. Thefather'sworkwastoteachthechildrenathome.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者父亲有一套严格有效的管理教育子女的方法，使作者感到自豪。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“OurhouseatMontclair,NewJersey,wasasortofschoolforscientificmanagementandtheremovalofwastedmotions—or‘motionstudy,’asDadandMothernamedit.”可知，作者的家被认为是一种学校是因为孩子们被教导如何在里面工作得很好。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Itwasstrictmanagement,allright.Yes,athomeoronthejob,Dadwasalwaystheefficiencyexpert.”可知，签署图表的目的是为了帮助我们有效地做事。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“‘Icansaveforty-fourseconds,’hecomplained,‘butIwastedtwominutesthismorningputtingthisbandageonmythroat.’Itwasn'ttheinjuredthroatthatreallybotheredhim.Itwasthetwominutes.”可知，父亲抱怨他没能缩短他的剃须时间。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Itwasstrictmanagement,allright.Yes,athomeoronthejob,Dadwasalwaystheefficiencyexpert.Hebuttonedhisvestfromthebottomup,insteadoffromthetopdown,becausethebottom-to-topprocesstookhimonlythreeseconds,whilethetop-to-bottomtookseven.”可知，作者以他父亲的管理而自豪。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Learning,FastandDeep

   Overthepastfiveyearsresearchersinartificialintelligencehavebecometherockstarsofthetechnologyworld.AbranchofAIknownasdeeplearning,whichusesneural（神经的）networkstoscanthroughlargevolumesofdatalookingforpatterns,hasprovensousefulthatskilledpractitionerscancommandhighsix-figuresalariestobuildsoftwareforAmazon,Apple,FacebookandGoogle.

   ThestandardrouteintothesejobshasbeenaPhDincomputersciencefromoneofAmerica'stopuniversities.Earningonetakesyearsandrequiresapersonalitysuitedtoacademia,whichisrareamongmorenormalfolk.

   Thatischanging.

   Lastmonthfast.ai,anon-profiteducationorganizationbasedinSanFrancisco,kickedoffthethirdyearofitscourseindeeplearning.Sinceitsfoundationithasattractedmorethan100,000studentsaroundtheglobefromIndiatoNigeria.Thecourseandotherslikeit,comewithasimpleidea:

thereisnoneedtospendyearsobtainingaPhDinordertopractisedeeplearning.Creatingsoftwarethatlearnscanbetaughtasacraft,notasahighintellectualpursuittobeundertakenonlyinanivorytower.Fast.ai'scoursecanbecompletedinjustsevenweeks.

   TomakeitaccessibletoanyonewhowantstolearnhowtobuildAIsoftwareistheaimofJeremyHoward,whofoundedfast.aiwithRachelThomas,amathematician.Hesaysschoolmathematicsissufficient."No.Greek.Letters,"Mr.Howardintones,poundingthetablewithhisfistforpunctuation.

   SomeexpertsworrythatthiswillserveonlytocreateafloodofunreliableAIsystemswhichwillbeuselessatbestanddangerousatworst.IntheearliestdaysoftheInternet,onlyaselectfewnerds,namelycomputerholieswithspecificskills,couldbuildapplications.Notmanypeopleusedthem.ThentheinventionoftheWorldWideWebledtoanexplosionofwebpages,bothgoodandbad.ButitwasonlybyopeninguptoallthattheInternetgavebirthtoonlineshopping,instantglobalcommunicationsandsearch.IfMr.Howardandothershavetheirway,makingthedevelopmentofAIsoftwareeasierwillbringforthanewcropoffruitofadifferentkind.

（1）Whatcanwelearnaboutdeeplearning?

A. Itreplacesartificialintelligence.                     

B. Itattractsrockstarstopractice.

C. Itscanspatternsforlargecompanies.            

D. Ithelpstechnicianstocreatesoftware.

（2）Fast.aiisanorganizationthat        .

A. ensuresonetoobtainaPhD                          

B. teachescraftinivorytower

C. offersacourseindeeplearning                     

D. requiresweekstoapply

（3）Theunderlinedwords"No.Greek.Letters"inParagraph5meansdoingfast.aicourseis     .

A. easy                              B. difficult                              C. interesting                              D. boring

（4）Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat    .

A. itisquitereliableforanyonetograspartificialintelligence

B. theInternethasbroughtforthafloodofuselessAIsystems

C. openinguptoallleadstoinstantglobalsearchandonlineshopping

D. simplifyingsoftwaredevelopmentmayresultinunexpectedoutcomes

【答案】

（1）D

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人工智能的深度学习被证明很有用，霍华德和数学家托马斯一起创办的非营利性教育机构致力于让深度学习变得简单。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”AbranchofAIknownasdeeplearning,whichusesneuralnetworkstoscanthroughlargevolumesofdatalookingforpatterns…buildsoftwareforAmazon,Apple,FacebookandGoogle.“可知AI技术的一个分支、运用神经网络处理大量数据并从中寻找模式的"深度学习"被证明非常有用，亚马逊、苹果、Facebook和谷歌愿意开出六位数高薪，聘请熟练的专业人员编写软件。

这说明深度学习能帮助编写软件，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的”Lastmonthfast.ai,anon-profiteducationorganizationbasedinSanFrancisco,kickedoffthethirdyearofitscourseindeeplearning.“可知。

上月，位于旧金山的非营利性教育机构fast.ai进入了它开办深度学习课程的第三年。

也就是说fast.ai是一个提供深度学习课程的组织，故选C。

（3）考查句义猜测。

根据五段中的”Tomakeitaccessibletoanyonewhowantstolearn…Hesaysschoolmathematicsissufficient.“可知让深度学习不再神秘是杰里米·霍华德的目标，为此，他和数学家雷切尔·托马斯一起创立了fast.ai，让任何想学习编写AI软件的人都能学习这门技术。

霍华德说有中学数学知识就足够了。

这说明fast.ai的课程很简单，仅需要中学数学知识。

因此霍华德说"No.Greek.Letters”没有，希腊，字母“是想说fast,ai的深度学习课程很简单。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的”IfMrHowardandothershavetheirway,makingthedevelopmentofAIsoftwareeasierwillbringforthanewcropoffruitofadifferentkind.“如果霍华德和其他人如愿以偿，那么让AI软件开发变得更容易将会催生出一批新的不同的果实。

由此推断简化软件开发可能会导致意料之外的结果。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   It's3o'clockandyou'vebeenhardatwork.Asyousitatyourdesk,astrongdesireforchocolateovercomesyou.Youtrytobusyyourselftomakeitgoaway.Butitdoesn't.Hereisanothersituation.Perhapsyouarenotfeelingwell.Theonlythingyouwanttoeatisabigbowlofchickensoup,likeyourmomusedtomakewhenyouweresickasachild.Foodcravingsareastrongdesireforaspecifictypeoffood.Andtheyarenormal.

   ScientistsatthewebsiteHowStuffWorkscomparehungerandcravingsthisway.Hungerisafairlysimpleconnectionbetweenthestomachandthebrain.Theyevencallitsimply“stomachhunger.”Whenourstomachsburnupallofthefoodwehaveeaten,ahormone（荷尔蒙）sendsamessagetoonepartofthebrainformorefood,whichregulatesourmostbasicbodyfunctionssuchasthirst,hungerandsleep.Thebrainthenproducesachemicaltostarttheappetiteandyoueat.Hungerisafunctionofsurvival.

   Acravingismorecomplex.Itactivates（使活跃）brainareasrelatedtoemotion,memoryandreward.Thesearethesameareasofthebrainactivatedduringdrug-cravingstudies.So,somescientistscallfoodcravings“mindhunger.”Peopleoftencravefoodsthatarehighinfatandsugar.Foodsthatareh