高一英语阅读理解专项训练及答案.docx

1、高一英语阅读理解专项训练及答案高一英语阅读理解专项训练及答案一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 They had a dozen children, six boys and six girls, in seventeen years. One reason Dad had so many children was that he was confident anything he and Mother teamed upon was sure to be a success. Our house at Montclair, New Jersey, was a sort of school for

2、 scientific management and the removal of wasted motions or “motion study,” as Dad and Mother named it. Dad took moving pictures of us children washing dishes, so that he could determine how we could reduce our motions and thus hurry through the task. Each child who wanted extra pocket money put for

3、ward an offer saying what he would do the job for. The lowest bidder got the contract(合约). Dad put process and work charts in the bathrooms. Every child old enough to write and Dad expected his children to start writing at a young age was required to sign their names on the charts in the morning aft

4、er he had brushed his teeth, taken a bath, combed his hair, and made his bed. At night, each child had to weigh himself, mark the figure on a graph, and sign the process charts again after he had done his homework, washed his hands and face, and brushed his teeth. Mother wanted to have a place on th

5、e charts for saying prayers, but Dad said as far as he was concerned prayers were voluntary. It was strict management, all right. Yes, at home or on the job, Dad was always the efficiency expert. He buttoned his vest from the bottom up, instead of from the top down, because the bottom-to-top process

6、 took him only three seconds, while the top-to-bottom took seven. He even used two shaving brushes to make his face smooth enough, because he found that by so doing he could cut seventeen seconds off his shaving time. For a while he tried shaving with two razors, but he finally gave that up. “I can

7、save forty-four seconds,” he complained, “but I wasted two minutes this morning putting this bandage on my throat.” It wasnt the injured throat that really bothered him. It was the two minutes.（1）Why was the authors house considered a sort of school? A.It had a team of twelve children there.B.The ch

8、ildren were taught how to work well in it.C.The parents could teach their children better at home.D.The parents could have the childrens daily activities recorded.（2）What is the purpose of signing the charts? A.To help to do things efficiently.B.To manage the big family effectively.C.To look after t

9、he children better.D.To remind the children to obey the rules.（3）What did the father complain about one morning? A.He should have given up shaving.B.His bleeding throat bothered him.C.He couldnt shave with two razors.D.He failed to cut short his shaving time.（4）We can we infer from the text? A.The k

10、ids had to bid for everything they wanted.B.The author took pride in his fathers management.C.The couple were always troubled by their children.D.The fathers work was to teach the children at home.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者父亲有一套严格有效的管理教育子女的方法，使作者感到自豪。（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Our house at Mont

11、clair, New Jersey, was a sort of school for scientific management and the removal of wasted motions or motion study, as Dad and Mother named it.”可知，作者的家被认为是一种学校是因为孩子们被教导如何在里面工作得很好。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“It was strict management, all right. Yes, at home or on the job, Dad was always the efficiency e

12、xpert.”可知，签署图表的目的是为了帮助我们有效地做事。故选A。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“I can save forty-four seconds, he complained, but I wasted two minutes this morning putting this bandage on my throat. It wasnt the injured throat that really bothered him. It was the two minutes.”可知，父亲抱怨他没能缩短他的剃须时间。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“It was

13、strict management, all right. Yes, at home or on the job, Dad was always the efficiency expert. He buttoned his vest from the bottom up, instead of from the top down, because the bottom-to-top process took him only three seconds, while the top-to-bottom took seven.”可知，作者以他父亲的管理而自豪。故选B。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断

14、题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，选出正确答案。2阅读理解 Learning, Fast and Deep Over the past five years researchers in artificial intelligence have become the rock stars of the technology world. A branch of AI known as deep learning, which uses neural(神经的) networks to scan through large volumes of data

15、looking for patterns, has proven so useful that skilled practitioners can command high six-figure salaries to build software for Amazon, Apple, Facebook and Google. The standard route into these jobs has been a PhD in computer science from one of Americas top universities. Earning one takes years an

16、d requires a personality suited to academia, which is rare among more normal folk. That is changing. Last month fast.ai, a non-profit education organization based in San Francisco, kicked off the third year of its course in deep learning. Since its foundation it has attracted more than 100, 000 stud

17、ents around the globe from India to Nigeria. The course and others like it, come with a simple idea: there is no need to spend years obtaining a PhD in order to practise deep learning. Creating software that learns can be taught as a craft, not as a high intellectual pursuit to be undertaken only in

18、 an ivory tower. Fast. ais course can be completed in just seven weeks. To make it accessible to anyone who wants to learn how to build AI software is the aim of Jeremy Howard, who founded fast.ai with Rachel Thomas, a mathematician. He says school mathematics is sufficient. No. Greek. Letters, Mr.

19、Howard intones, pounding the table with his fist for punctuation. Some experts worry that this will serve only to create a flood of unreliable AI systems which will be useless at best and dangerous at worst. In the earliest days of the Internet, only a select few nerds, namely computer holies with s

20、pecific skills, could build applications. Not many people used them. Then the invention of the World Wide Web led to an explosion of web pages, both good and bad. But it was only by opening up to all that the Internet gave birth to online shopping, instant global communications and search. If Mr. Ho

21、ward and others have their way, making the development of AI software easier will bring forth a new crop of fruit of a different kind.（1）What can we learn about deep learning? A.It replaces artificial intelligence.B.It attracts rock stars to practice.C.It scans patterns for large companies.D.It help

22、s technicians to create software.（2）Fast. ai is an organization that . A.ensures one to obtain a PhDB.teaches craft in ivory towerC.offers a course in deep learningD.requires weeks to apply（3）The underlined words No. Greek. Lettersin Paragraph 5 means doing fast.ai course is . A.easyB.difficultC.int

23、erestingD.boring（4）It can be inferred from the last paragraph that . A.it is quite reliable for anyone to grasp artificial intelligenceB.the Internet has brought forth a flood of useless AI systemsC.opening up to all leads to instant global search and online shoppingD.simplifying software developmen

24、t may result in unexpected outcomes【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）A（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人工智能的深度学习被证明很有用，霍华德和数学家托马斯一起创办的非营利性教育机构致力于让深度学习变得简单。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”A branch of AI known as deep learning, which uses neural networks to scan through large volumes of data looking for patternsbuild software for Amazon, Appl

25、e, Facebook and Google.“可知AI技术的一个分支、运用神经网络处理大量数据并从中寻找模式的深度学习被证明非常有用，亚马逊、苹果、Facebook和谷歌愿意开出六位数高薪，聘请熟练的专业人员编写软件。这说明深度学习能帮助编写软件，故选D。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”Last month fast. ai, a non-profit education organization based in San Francisco, kicked off the third year of its course in deep learning.“可知。上月，位于旧金山的非

26、营利性教育机构 fast.ai 进入了它开办深度学习课程的第三年。也就是说fast. ai是一个提供深度学习课程的组织，故选C。 （3）考查句义猜测。根据五段中的”To make it accessible to anyone who wants to learn He says school mathematics is sufficient.“可知让深度学习不再神秘是杰里米霍华德的目标，为此，他和数学家雷切尔托马斯一起创立了fast.ai，让任何想学习编写AI软件的人都能学习这门技术。霍华德说有中学数学知识就足够了。这说明fast.ai的课程很简单，仅需要中学数学知识。因此霍华德说No.

27、Greek. Letters”没有，希腊，字母“是想说fast, ai的深度学习课程很简单。故选A。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”If Mr Howard and others have their way, making the development of AI software easier will bring forth a new crop of fruit of a different kind. “如果霍华德和其他人如愿以偿，那么让AI软件开发变得更容易将会催生出一批新的不同的果实。由此推断简化软件开发可能会导致意料之外的结果。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，

28、句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 Its 3 oclock and youve been hard at work. As you sit at your desk, a strong desire for chocolate overcomes you. You try to busy yourself to make it go away. But it doesnt. Here is another situation. Perhaps you are not feelin

29、g well. The only thing you want to eat is a big bowl of chicken soup, like your mom used to make when you were sick as a child. Food cravings are a strong desire for a specific type of food. And they are normal. Scientists at the website How Stuff Works compare hunger and cravings this way. Hunger i

30、s a fairly simple connection between the stomach and the brain. They even call it simply “stomach hunger.” When our stomachs burn up all of the food we have eaten, a hormone (荷尔蒙) sends a message to one part of the brain for more food, which regulates our most basic body functions such as thirst, hu

31、nger and sleep. The brain then produces a chemical to start the appetite and you eat. Hunger is a function of survival. A craving is more complex. It activates (使活跃) brain areas related to emotion, memory and reward. These are the same areas of the brain activated during drug-craving studies. So, some scientists call food cravings “mind hunger.” People often crave foods that are high in fat and sugar. Foods that are h