世界经济学.docx

世界经济学.docx

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世界经济学

ASURVEYOFWORLDECONOMY

半期成绩：

10%；期末成绩：

70%；平时成绩：

20%

平时成绩评分根据课堂点名和提问等方式抽查而得，另外，各个小组的PRESENTATION是平时成绩的重要组成部分。

Introduction

WhatisWORLDECONOMY?

WORLDECONOMYreferstotheentiretyofallthenationaleconomieswhicharelinkedtogetherwithdifferenteconomiclinks.

WhatisWORLDECONOMICS?

WORLDECONOMICSisabranchofECONOMICSwhichstudiestheWORLDECONOMY.

Thestartofthestudy:

attheendof1970s

In1980---ChinaWorldEconomyAcademy

Thesourceandthebeginningofthisbranchofstudy:

TheWorldEconomicsisabranchofstudydevelopingfromEconomics.

time:

fromtheendoftheCultureRevolutionto1980,inChina

Theobjectsofthebranchofstudy:

theinternationalrelationsofproduction.

1.tostudythenationaleconomiesofthecountriesintheworld,whicharepartsoftheworldeconomy

2.tostudytheinternationaleconomicrelations.

mechanismlinksthenationaleconomiestogether

differenteconomiclinks

internationaldivisionoflabour

goods

service

capital

transferoftechnology.

3.tostudytheworldeconomyasawhole.

thelawsofthechangesanddevelopmentoftheworldeconomy

worldeconomystudiesthesystemofeconomicdevelopment

humanbeings---theprincipalpartofthesystem

theenvironmentandtheresourcesoftheearth---thebaseforthesystem

TheWorldEconomicsandtheInternationalEconomics

vrelations

vthesamehistoricalbackgroundandnecessaryconditionsfortheboth:

vInternationaldivisionoflabour→internationaltradeandinternationalfinance→theworldmarket.

vdifferences

v

（1）objects:

theinternationalrelationsofproduction---theinternationaleconomicrelations

v

（2）contents

ChapterOne

ScientificRevolutionandtheWorldEconomy

1.thedevelopmentofproductiveforces:

thescientificandtechnologicalrevolutionsinthehistoryofhumanbeings;thesignificanceandimpactoftherevolutions

2.theformationanddevelopmentoftheworldeconomyasaresultofthescientificandtechnologicalrevolutions

bibliography:

1.BasicEconomics,Hailstones&Mastrianna,9thedition,South-WesternPublishingCo.,Cincinnati,Ohio,1992

2.EconomicsToday,rogerLeroyMiller,9thedition,Adisson-WesleyEducationEducationalPublishesInc.,1997

3.《世界经济学》张伯里主编中共中央党校出版社2004年7月第1版

4.《当代世界经济》王广信赵丽娜主编人民出版社2002年3月第1版

5.《世界经济新论》庄起善主编复旦大学出版社2004年8月第1版

6.《世界经济概论》池元吉主编高等教育出版社2003年8月第1版

I.thedevelopmentoftheProductiveForcesandtheFormationoftheWorldEconomy

1.theinfluenceoftheRenaissanceandoftheDiscoveryofthenewcontinent

theprimitiveeconomicsystem---lowproductiveforces---noworldeconomy

Renaissanceliberatedpeople

thebeginningoftheRenaissance---Dante’sCommedia（14thcentury）

Renaissance:

theintermediatebetweentheMiddleAgesandthemoderntimes;

thebeginningofcapitalistculturalideas

theproductofthenew,risingcapitalistrelationsofproduction

ideologicalfeature:

humanism,

theenlightenment:

in18thcentury

In1492,Columbusdiscoveredthenewcontinent.

thenewsearoute

Europeanports---internationaltradecenters:

London,Antwerp,Lisbon

asolidbaseforthebigjumpoftheeconomy.

2.theimpactofthefirstscientificandtechnologicalrevolutionontheworldeconomy

In18thcentury,thefirstscientificandtechnologicalrevolution

steamengine---workcontinuously

machinemakesmachines

moreproductsforthemarket

steamboatandsteamenginetrain---revolutioninthetransportindustry

thecapitalistmodeofproduction

Industrywastotallyseparatedfromfarming.

objectofthecapitalistmodeofproduction:

profit-pursuing

markets---rawmaterials

theworldmarket---theworldeconomy

3.theimpactofthesecondscientificandtechnologicalrevolutionontheworldecnomy

Time:

inthe19thcentury

GermanyandtheUnitedStates:

theheroes

Electricity:

anewkindofpower

Otherthings:

radio,cable,telephone,internalcombustionengine,newskillsforsteel-making,newtechnologyinchemicalindustry→heavyindustry

automobileindustry---theoilindustry

Thesecondscientificandtechnologicalrevolutionstartedinheavyindustry

Industry→themostimportsectioninthenationaleconomies.

Moreindustrializedcountries

importrawmaterialsandexportfinishedproducts

farmingcountriesexportagriculturalproductsandotherrawmaterials,importindustrygoods

theinternationaldivisionoflabourdevelopedfurther

Scienceandtechnologyactedandreactedoneachother.

thestudyonthebasictheoriesandthescientificresearchwork

newinventions:

newcommunicationmethods,bigsteel-madeboat,carsandtrucks,andevenairplane

transport（morequick,safe,convenientandcheep）→internationalexchangeofgoods→theworldmarket→thesystemoftheinternationaldivisionoflabour→moreefficientproduction→theworldmarket（forrawmaterialsandfinishedgoods）→closerrelationofthecountriestiedtogetherbytheworldmarket

4.theformationanddevelopmentoftheworldeconomy

a）Thedevelopmentandformationoftheworldeconomywasaresultofthescientificandtechnologicalrevolutions

b）Thesystemofinternationaldivisionoflabour

Theeconomictiesbetweenthesuzerainstatesanditscoloniesorbetweentheadvancedindustrycountriesandthecountriesproducingrawmaterialsbecamemorestrengthened.aworldmarketformed.

c）theindustrycapital---thebankingcapital→financialcapital→financialoligarch→theexportofcapital

d）theinternationalmonetarysystemestablished

aworldcurrencyorcurrencies

goldandsilveractedastheworldcurrencies

thegoldstandardwasestablished

Thegoldstandardhad3features

First:

Itestablishedasystemoffixedexchangeratebetweenparticipatingcountries.Stableexchangerateswereconsideredanecessaryingredienttoincreasetradeamongnations.

Second:

thegoldstandardlimitedtherateofgrowthinacountry’smoneysupply.Thiswasduetothefactthatall“money”hadtobebackedbygold,andthesupplyofgoldintheworldincreasedslowlyduringthisperiodoftimeinhistory.

Third:

Goldservedasanautomaticadjustmenttoolforcountriesexperiencingbalanceofpaymentsproblems.Ifacountrywasrunningabalanceofpaymentsdeficit,goldwould,bymarketforces,flowoutofthecountry,decreasingeconomicactivityandpushingthebalanceofpaymentsbacktowardbalance.

II.thethirdscientificandtechnologicalrevolutioncausedgreatimprovementinproductiveforces

1.Thefactorswhichcausedthethirdscientificandtechnologicalrevolution

a.thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology

b.themotivationofcapitalforprofits

c.thegovernment’ssupportforthescientificresearch

d.coldwarmadethewestandtheeastcompeteforthemilitaryequipments

2.theimpactofthirdscientificandtechnologicalrevolution

time:

startedattheendof1940s

place:

fromtheUS---theformerSovietUnion,Japan,andthewestEuropeandthentheothercountries.

Peak:

attheendof1960s.

symbols:

nuclearpower,computerandspacetechnology

Newpower,newmaterialsandelectronictechnologymadethethirdrevolutionmuchmoreremarkablethanthefirsttwoones.

nuclearpower---theshortageofenergyandresources---supportsquickerdevelopmentofthescience,technologyandtheproduction.

Man-madenewmaterials

complexmaterials---intheaviationorspacetechnology,nowevenincarindustry.

Plastic---usedinmanyplaces

Computertotallychangesourlife.

computertooperatemachine

theimprovementoftheinternationaldivisionoflabour---theverticaloneandthehorizontalone

thespecializationofthemultinationalcorporations（MNCs）

theglobaloperativestrategies:

theinternationalarrangementfortheR&Dprojects,productionandmarketing,theflowofcapitalandsoon.

thereproductioncycle→international:

production→distribution→exchangeandconsume---international

thefactorsofproduction→international:

capital,technology,rawmaterialsandlabour→international.

Theinternationalizationofproductionmaypushtheproductiveforcestorisetoanewlevel.

Conclusion:

divisionoflabour→riseofproductiveforces→efficiencyoftheproduction→frequencyofexchangeofgoods→theearlysystemofthecapitalistinternationaldivisionoflabour---thefirstscientificandtechnologicalrevolution→theworldmarket,theworldcurrency,thesystemofthecapitalistinternationaldivisionoflabour→thebeginningofworldeconomy

thesecondscientificandtechnologicalrevolution→theimprovementofthesystemofthecapitalistinternationaldivisionoflabour（earlystageofinternationalizationofproduction）→theworldmarket→（barrierstotradeandsurplusofcapital→theexportofcapital）→internationalmonetarysystem→worldeconomy

Thentheworldeconomyfinallyestablished.

thethirdscientificandtechnologicalrevolution→the（mature）systemofthecapitalistinternationaldivisionoflabour（internationalizationofproduction）→theworldmarket→worldeconomy

Threestepsforworldeconomy:

goods（international）（ortheinternationalizationofgoods）→capital（international）（ortheinternationalizationofcapitals）→production（international,afterthe3rdscientificandtechnologicalrevolution）（ortheinternationalizationofproduction）

Nowtheworldeconomybecomessoimportantthatalmosteverycountryisinvolvedinitandhasitsownrolesinit.Ofcourse,somecountrieshavemoreimportantrolesinit.Othersmayhavelessimportantrolesinit.

III.theinteneratingofthecapitalistindustrystructure

thereproductioncycle---thecomparativedecreasinginput---thecomparativeincreasinginput

labour-intensiveandresources-intensiveindustries→kn