世界经济学.docx

1、世界经济学A SURVEY OF WORLD ECONOMY半期成绩：10%；期末成绩：70%；平时成绩：20%平时成绩评分根据课堂点名和提问等方式抽查而得，另外，各个小组的PRESENTATION是平时成绩的重要组成部分。Introduction What is WORLD ECONOMY?WORLD ECONOMY refers to the entirety of all the national economies which are linked together with different economic links.What is WORLD ECONOMICS?WORLD

2、ECONOMICS is a branch of ECONOMICS which studies the WORLD ECONOMY. The start of the study:at the end of 1970sIn 1980-China World Economy AcademyThe source and the beginning of this branch of study:The World Economics is a branch of study developing from Economics. time: from the end of the Culture

3、Revolution to 1980, in ChinaThe objects of the branch of study: the international relations of production. 1. to study the national economies of the countries in the world, which are parts of the world economy2. to study the international economic relations. mechanism links the national economies to

4、getherdifferent economic linksinternational division of labourgoodsservice capitaltransfer of technology.3. to study the world economy as a whole. the laws of the changes and development of the world economyworld economy studies the system of economic development human beings- the principal part of

5、the system the environment and the resources of the earth - the base for the systemThe World Economics and the International Economicsv relationsv the same historical background and necessary conditions for the both:v International division of labour international trade and international finance the

6、 world market. v differencesv (1) objects: the international relations of production- the international economic relationsv (2) contentsChapter One Scientific Revolution and the World Economy 1. the development of productive forces : the scientific and technological revolutions in the history of hum

7、an beings; the significance and impact of the revolutions 2. the formation and development of the world economy as a result of the scientific and technological revolutionsbibliography:1. Basic Economics, Hailstones & Mastrianna, 9th edition, South-Western Publishing Co. , Cincinnati, Ohio, 19922. Ec

8、onomics Today, roger Leroy Miller, 9th edition, Adisson-Wesley Education Educational Publishes Inc., 19973. 世界经济学 张伯里 主编 中共中央党校出版社 2004年7月第1版4. 当代世界经济王广信 赵丽娜 主编 人民出版社 2002年3月第1版5. 世界经济新论 庄起善 主编 复旦大学出版社2004年8月第1版6. 世界经济概论 池元吉 主编 高等教育出版社2003年8月第1版I. the development of the Productive Forces and the For

9、mation of the World Economy1. the influence of the Renaissance and of the Discovery of the new continentthe primitive economic system- low productive forces- no world economy Renaissance liberated peoplethe beginning of the Renaissance- Dantes Commedia (14th century) Renaissance: the intermediate be

10、tween the Middle Ages and the modern times;the beginning of capitalist cultural ideasthe product of the new, rising capitalist relations of productionideological feature: humanism, the enlightenment: in 18th centuryIn 1492, Columbus discovered the new continent. the new sea route European ports -int

11、ernational trade centers: London, Antwerp, Lisbona solid base for the big jump of the economy.2. the impact of the first scientific and technological revolution on the world economyIn 18th century, the first scientific and technological revolutionsteam engine - work continuouslymachine makes machine

12、smore products for the marketsteam boat and steam engine train - revolution in the transport industrythe capitalist mode of production Industry was totally separated from farming. object of the capitalist mode of production: profit-pursuingmarkets- raw materialsthe world market- the world economy 3.

13、 the impact of the second scientific and technological revolution on the world ecnomyTime: in the 19th centuryGermany and the United States : the heroes Electricity : a new kind of power Other things: radio, cable, telephone, internal combustion engine, new skills for steel-making, new technology in

14、 chemical industry heavy industryautomobile industry - the oil industryThe second scientific and technological revolution started in heavy industryIndustry the most import section in the national economies.More industrialized countries import raw materials and export finished productsfarming countri

15、es export agricultural products and other raw materials, import industry goodsthe international division of labour developed furtherScience and technology acted and reacted on each other.the study on the basic theories and the scientific research worknew inventions: new communication methods, big st

16、eel-made boat, cars and trucks, and even airplanetransport (more quick, safe, convenient and cheep) international exchange of goods the world market the system of the international division of labour more efficient production the world market (for raw materials and finished goods ) closer relation o

17、f the countries tied together by the world market4. the formation and development of the world economy a) The development and formation of the world economy was a result of the scientific and technological revolutions b) The system of international division of labourThe economic ties between the suz

18、erain states and its colonies or between the advanced industry countries and the countries producing raw materials became more strengthened. a world market formed. c) the industry capital - the banking capital financial capital financial oligarch the export of capitald) the international monetary sy

19、stem established a world currency or currencies gold and silver acted as the world currencies the gold standard was establishedThe gold standard had 3 features First: It established a system of fixed exchange rate between participating countries. Stable exchange rates were considered a necessary ing

20、redient to increase trade among nations.Second: the gold standard limited the rate of growth in a countrys money supply. This was due to the fact that all “money” had to be backed by gold, and the supply of gold in the world increased slowly during this period of time in history.Third: Gold served a

21、s an automatic adjustment tool for countries experiencing balance of payments problems. If a country was running a balance of payments deficit, gold would, by market forces, flow out of the country, decreasing economic activity and pushing the balance of payments back toward balance. II. the third s

22、cientific and technological revolution caused great improvement in productive forces1. The factors which caused the third scientific and technological revolutiona. the development of science and technology b. the motivation of capital for profitsc. the governments support for the scientific research

23、d. cold war made the west and the east compete for the military equipments2. the impact of third scientific and technological revolutiontime: started at the end of 1940splace: from the US - the former Soviet Union, Japan, and the west Europe and then the other countries. Peak: at the end of 1960s. s

24、ymbols : nuclear power, computer and space technology New power, new materials and electronic technology made the third revolution much more remarkable than the first two ones. nuclear power - the shortage of energy and resources - supports quicker development of the science, technology and the prod

25、uction.Man-made new materialscomplex materials - in the aviation or space technology, now even in car industry. Plastic- used in many places Computer totally changes our life. computer to operate machinethe improvement of the international division of labour - the vertical one and the horizontal one

26、 the specialization of the multinational corporations (MNCs) the global operative strategies : the international arrangement for the R&D projects, production and marketing, the flow of capital and so on. the reproduction cycle international : production distribution exchange and consume - internatio

27、nalthe factors of production international: capital, technology, raw materials and labour international. The internationalization of production may push the productive forces to rise to a new level. Conclusion:division of labour rise of productive forces efficiency of the production frequency of exc

28、hange of goods the early system of the capitalist international division of labour -the first scientific and technological revolution the world market, the world currency, the system of the capitalist international division of labour the beginning of world economythe second scientific and technologi

29、cal revolutionthe improvement of the system of the capitalist international division of labour (early stage of internationalization of production) the world market (barriers to trade and surplus of capital the export of capital) international monetary system world economyThen the world economy final

30、ly established.the third scientific and technological revolutionthe (mature) system of the capitalist international division of labour (internationalization of production) the world market world economyThree steps for world economy: goods (international) (or the internationalization of goods)capital

31、(international) (or the internationalization of capitals) production (international, after the 3rd scientific and technological revolution) (or the internationalization of production)Now the world economy becomes so important that almost every country is involved in it and has its own roles in it. O

32、f course, some countries have more important roles in it. Others may have less important roles in it.III. the intenerating of the capitalist industry structurethe reproduction cycle - the comparative decreasing input -the comparative increasing input labour-intensive and resources-intensive industries kn