美国文学复习题.docx

美国文学复习题.docx

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美国文学复习题

AmericanRealism

I.Fillintheblanks.

1.Realismhadoriginatedinthecountry________ asaliterarydoctrinethatcalledfor"realityandtruth"inthedepictionofordinarylife.

2.ThearbiterofnineteenthcenturyliteraryrealisminAmericawas_______________.

3.____________ probeddeeplyattheindividualpsychologyofhischaracters,writinginarichandintricatestylethatsupportedhisintensescrutinyofcomplexhumanexperience.

4.__________,breakingoutofthenarrowlimitsoflocalcolorfiction,describedthebreadthofAmericanexperienceasnoonehadeverdonebefore,orsince.

5.__________hadanevidentinfluenceonnaturalism.Itseemedtostresstheanimalityofman,tosuggestthathewasdominatedbytheirresistibleforcesofevolution.

6.ThepoeticstyleWaltWhitmandevisedisnowcalled__________,thatispoetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme.

7.InhisclusterofpoemscalledLeavesofGrass,_______gaveAmericaitsfirstgenuineepicpoem.

8.ThereisnodoubtthatthesolitaryEmilyDickinsonof_________,Massachusetts,isapoetofgreatpowerandbeauty.

9.Therewasonlyonefemaleprosewriterinthenineteenthcentury.Thatwas________

10.HarrietBeecherStowe'smasterpieceis_____________.

11.SamuelLanghorneClemensisbetterknownbythepenname______________.

12.OneofSamuelLanghorneClemens'bestbooks_____________isbuiltaroundhisexperiencesasasteamboatpilot.

13.TheresultofMarkTwain'sEuropeantripwasaseriesofnewspaperarticles,laterpublishedasabookcalled____________.

14.__________wasthefirstliterarygiantbornwestoftheMississippi.

15.MarkTwain'swork__________tellsofthevisitsofanangeltothevillageofEseldorfinAustriain1590.

16.WilliamSidneyPorter,whosepennamewas_________,wastheauthorofTheCopandtheAnthem.

17.ManyofO.Henry'sstoriestellaboutthelifeofpoorpeoplein_______________.

18.0.Henrysympathizedwiththepoor'slotandhatedthoserichwhoexploitedanddespisedthem.Thisisespeciallyseeninhisstoryentitled_____________.

19.ItissaidthatO. HenryimitatedaFrenchauthornamed______________ asamodel,andthereisindeedmuchincommonbetweenthesetwowriters.

20.ThetitleofoneofO.Henry'sbooks_____________indicatesthatheconsideredallthepeopleofNewYorkCityworthwritingabout,insteadofonlytheupperclass.

21.HenryJames'firstnovelis___________,whichfailedtomakehimfamous.

22.ThenovelwhichwasdescribedbyanAmericancriticas"anoutragetoAmericangirlhood"isHenryJames'___________.

23.HenryJames'firstimportantfictionwas___________,inwhichhetookupforthefirsttimethethemeofTheAmericaninEurope.

24.In1881,HenryJamespublishedhisnovel_____________,whichisgenerallyconsideredashismasterpiece.

25.__________isconsideredthefounderofPsychologicalrealism. Hebelievedthatrealityliesintheimpressionsmadebylifeonthespectator.

26.ThenameoftheheroineinThePortraitofaLadyis__________.

27.In1902JackLondonpublishedhisfirstnovel____________.

28.__________isthenovelintowhichJackLondonputmostofhimself.

29.ThefirstnovelofTheodoreDreiserwas____________.

30.TheidentificationofpotencywithmoneyisattheheartofTheodoreDreiser'smasterpiece__________.

31.TheprotagoniswofTheodoreDreiser'sTrilogyofDesireis______.

32.TheodoreDreiservisitedtheSovietUnionin1927andpublished______________thefollowingyear.

33.TheodoreDreiser'snovel____________,acommercialandcriticalfailurewhenfirstpublishedin1900,wasreissuedin1907andwonhighpraiseforitsgrim,naturalisticportrayalofAmericansociety.

34.MarkTwain'sfirstnovel,___________wasanartisticfailure,butitgaveitsnametotheAmericaofthepostbellumperiodwhichitattemptstosatirize.

35.Threeyears'lifeontheMississippileftsuchafondmemorywithMarkTwainthathereturnedtothethememorethanonceinhiswritingcareer.Hisbook_____relatesitinavivid,movingway.

36.______wasMarkTwain'smasterpiecefromwhich,asHemingwaynoted,"allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes."

37.ThebestworkthatMarkTwaineverproducedis______________,whichwasasuccessfromitsfirstpublicationin1884,andhasalwaysbeenregardedasoneofthegreatbooksofwesternliteratureandwesterncivilization.

38.__________isthepioneerwhowroteinthenaturalistictradition.

39.StephenCrane'snovel___________relatesthestoryofagoodwoman'sdownfallanddestructioninaslumenvironment.

40.Warinthenovel___________byStephenCraneisaplainslaughter-house.Thereisnothinglikevalororheroismonthebattlefield,andifthereisanything,itisthefearofdeath,cowardice,thenaturalinstinctofmantorunfromdanger.

41.BenjaminFrankNorris'snovel__________hasbeencalled"thefirstfull-bodiednaturalisticAmericannovel"and"aconsciouslynaturalisticmanifesto".

42.JackLondon'smasterwork___________issomewhatautobiographical.

43.O.Henry's___________isaverymovingstoryofayoungcouplewhoselltheirbestpossessionsinordertogetmoneyforaChristmaspresentforeachother.

II.Decidewhether thestatementsaretrueorfalse.

1.Inthelatterhalfofthenineteenthcentury,womensomewhatbecamethenation'sdominantcultureforce.

2.Inthelatenineteenthcentury,althoughAmericanscontinuedtoreadtheworksofWashingtonIrving,JamesFenimoreCooper,NathanielHawthorneandEdgarAllanPoe,thegreatageofAmericanromanticismhadended.

3.Earlierinthenineteenthcentury,JamesFenimoreCooperhadinsistedontheauthor'srighttopresentanidealizedandpoeticportraitoflife,toavoidrepresentationsof"squalidmisery".

4.Bythelastquarterofthenineteenthcentury,therealistsrejectedtheportrayalofidealizedcharactersandevents*

5.TheAmericanrealistssoughttodescribethewiderangeofAmericanexperienceandtopresentthesubtletiesofhumanpersonality.

6.AftertheCivilWar,theFrontierwasclosing.Disillusionmentandfrustrationwerewidelyfelt.  Whathadbeenexpectedtobea"GoldenAge"turnedtobea"Gilded"one.

7.Bythe1870sNewEnglandRenaissancehadwaned.TheageofRomanticismandTranscendentalismwasbyandlargeover.Theageofrealismhadarrived.

8.Asaliterarymovement,realismcameinthelatterhalfofthenineteenthcentury,asareactionagainstthe"lie"ofromanticism.

9.MarkTwainhad,ashisaimofwriting,thesoul,thelifeandthespeechofthepeopleinmind.

10.Asacriticofeminentstandingandasaprolificwriter,MarkTwainhelpedtomouldpublictasteandbecamethechampionofliteraryrealisminAmerica.

11.Placedinhistoricalperspective,WilliamDeanHowellsisfoundlackinginqualitiesanddepth.Butanyhowheisaliteraryfigureworthyofnotice.

12.MarkTwain'slaterworksunmistakablyshowedhischangefromanoptimistandhumoristtoanalmostdespairingdeterminist.

13.LifeontheMississippiwassuchatruthfuldescriptionthatWilliamDeanHowellsfeltthathecouldtaste"themud"init.

14.TomSawyerwalkedoutofTwain'spagesdirectlyfromhisfreshmemoryofhisboyhoodinthewest.

15.MarkTwainshouldberememberedbothasagreatliteraryartistandagreatsocialcriticinthehistoryoftheU.S.

16.StephenCranediedoftuberculosisinGermanyattheageof28.

17.WilliamDeanHowells'sTheRiseofSilasLaphamisafinespecimenofAmericanrealisticwriting.

18.ThebulkofAmerica'sliteraryrealismwaslimitedtooptimistictreatmentofthesurfaceoflife.

19.ThegreatestofAmerica'srealists,suchasHenryJamesandMarkTwain,movedwellbeyondasuperficialportrayalofnineteenth-centuryAmerica.

20.Americannaturalism,likerealism,hadcomefromEurope.

21.Thetriumphofrealism,eveninthetwentiethcenturydidbringanabsoluteendtotheromanticism.

22.MostofthepoemsinLeavesofGrassareaboutmanandnature.

23.WhileworkingfortheVirginiaCityEnterprise,SamuelLanghorneClemensadoptedthepseudonym"MarkTwain",thecryofaboatmantakingsoundings,andmeaningtwofathoms.

24.MarkTwain'slastwritingsrevealedthedeepgriefhispersonallosseshadcausedhimandreflectedthedeepcynicismanddisillusionmentwithhisworld.

25.ManyofO.Henry'sstoriescontainalotofslangandcolloquialexpressions,justlikehisownspeech.

26.HenryJameswasnotonlyoneofthemostimportantrealistsoftheperiodbeforetheFirstWorldWar,butalsooneofthemostexpertstylistsofhistime.

27.Insubjectmatter,HenryJamesbeganasarealistandendedasapsychologicalnovelist.

28.HenryJameswasarealistinthesamewayasoneviewstherealismofMarkTwainorWilliamDeanHowells.

29.HenryJamesdidnotthinkthatartorliteratureoughttohaveamoralfunction.

30.IfHenryJameswasarealist,hewasarealistofspirit.

31.HenryJameswasapioneerinutilizingpsychologicaldeviceswhichcommunicatedamoreintenserealizationofcharacterandsituation.

32.HenryJames'greatestinfluencewasexertednotonhisownagebutontheonethatfollowed.

33.Generallyspeaking,JackLondonwasmuchmoreinterestedinideasthanStephenCraneandlesssentimentalthanBenjaminFrankNorris.

34.JackLondonwasusuallyconsideredasanaturalistbyliteraryhistorians.

35.TheodoreDreiserishalfsocialistandhalfcosmologicalpessimist.

36.TheprotagonistofAnAmericanTragedy,producedbyTheodoreDreiser,isEugeneWitla.

37.SisterCarrieisgenerallyregardedasTheodoreDreiser'smasterpiece.

38.HurstwoodisacharacterinTheodoreDreiser'sSisterCarrie.

III.Makemultiplechoices.