北京主城区高三英语二模阅读C篇汇总 带答案.docx

北京主城区高三英语二模阅读C篇汇总 带答案.docx

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北京主城区高三英语二模阅读C篇汇总带答案

2021城区高三英语二模阅读C篇汇总

2021海淀二模

C

Fortoday'sincreasinglyinterconnectedfoodsupplychains,“efficient”iswhatit'ssupposedtobe：

Eachcountryspecializesinwhatit'sbestatandputsitontheglobalmarket.Producersandprocessorswithincountriesspecialize,too,asawaytominimizecosts.Asaresult,atleastintheory,pricesstaylow,theworldgetsfedandeveryonewins.

However,thecoronaviruscrisisdemonstrateswhatiswrongwiththisapproach.Whenbarrierspreventfoodfromreachingitsmarkets,ordemandsuddenlydrops——bothofwhicharehappeningnow——thesystemfallsapart.

Specializationofthefoodsystemmakesithardtoshiftintodifferentmarketswhendisruptionsarise.Belgium,aleadingexporterofpotatoes,lostsalesnotonlytolocalrestaurantsbutalsotoothercountriesbecauseoflockdowns（封锁））.AtleasttheBelgianscantrytoeatthepotatoesathome.Thatstrategywon'tworkforeverycrop：

Ghana,theworld’stopcocoaexporter,lostmarketswhenpeoplestartedfocusingonbuyingessentialitemsinsteadofchocolate.

ThelossinexportincomeinAfricamoregenerallycouldhaveahugeimpactifthepandemiccontinues,asmanycountriesthererelyheavilyonimportedwheatandrice.Thepricesofthesegrainshavesoarednotonlybecauseofrisingdemandforthesegrainsduringthecrisis,butalsobecauseafewcountries——includingRussiaandVietnam——imposedexportrestrictionsoutoffearthatsendingfoodabroadwouldleadtohigherpricesathome.

Concentratedmarketsdominatedbyjustahandfulofcompaniesheightenfoodsystemfragility.Forexample,justthreemeatpackingplantsprocessover95percentofCanada'sbeefandnearlyallofitsbeefexports.Now,thosemeatprocessingplantshavehadtotemporarilyshutdownbecauseofoutbreaksofCOVID-19amongworkers.

Seeingthespoiledproductsacrosstheworldshouldforceallofustorethinkour"efficient”foodsupplies.Weneedtorejuvenate（使恢复活力）localandregionalfoodsystemstoreducethevulnerabilitiesthatcomewithbeingtooreliantonimportedandcorporate-dominatedfoods.Thisdoesn'tmeancuttingoffalltradeorabolishingallpackagedfoods,butitdoesmeanbuildingdiversity,andincreasingopportunitiesforsmallandmedium-scaleenterprisestoflourishinshorter,moresustainablefoodsupplychainsthatareclosertohome.

Oneplacetostartisforgovernmentstoshifttheirsupportfromthelarge-scale,specializedandexport-orientedfoodsystemtobuildinginfrastructureformorediverselocalfoodsystems.Aroundtheworld.small-scaleandorganicproducershavebeenoverwhelmedwiththesurgeininterestfromcustomerswhowanttobuydirectlyfromfarmersduringthecrisis.Buttheseproducersoftenlacktheinfrastructuretomeetthatdemand.Asgovernmentsaroundtheworldpassstimuluspackagestoaddressthecrisis,buildingmorediverseandlocalizedfoodsystemsshouldbeanobviousinclusion.

27.Intheory,specializationofthefoodsystem.

A.adaptstochangesefficientlyB.balancessupplyanddemand

C.focusesonessentialitemsD.reducescostsof

28.Theunderlinedword"fragility"inParagraph5means.

A.weaknessB.diversity

C.unfairnessD.complexity

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Afewcountriesrestrictexportstostabilizelocalfoodprices.

B.GrainpricesriseduetoAfrica'sdependenceonimportation.

C.GhanamightbelessaffectedbylockdownsthanBelgiumwas.

D.Packaged-foodconsumptionshouldbeencouragedtoaddressthecrisis.

30.Themainpurposeofthispassageisto.

A.exposefoodsecurityissuesduringthecrisis

B.advocateestablishingdiverselocalfoodsystems

C.discussthedevelopmentofasustainableeconomy

D.provetheimportanceofsoundgovernmentpolicies

2021西城二模

C

Urbanplannersmaysoonhaveanewwaytomeasuretrafficjams.Byputtinginthedifferentroutesbywhichvehiclescantravelbetweenlocations,researchershavedevelopedanewcomputeralgorithm（运算法则）thathelpsquantifyregionsofjamsinurbanareasandsuggestswaysaroundthem.

ThestudypublishedintheJournalofPhysics:

Complexity,usedtrafficspeedsfromtaxisinNewYorkCitytodemonstratehowroadinfrastructure（基础设施）anddriverbehaviorcancreatecomplexroadnetworksthatdifferamongcities.

Theteamapproachedtheissuebydesigningacomputeralgorithmtocapturethetopology-orrelationshipbetweenthedifferentroutesbetweenlocations--ofroadnetworks.“WefoundthatthemostsignificanttrafficbottlenecksinManhattanseemtoariseasaresultofthecity'sstructurallayout,”saidstudyco-authorDanielCarmody."Forexample,thefactthatabridgeentersManhattanatarangewheretrafficisalreadylimitedduetoCentralParkslowstrafficintheareaconsiderably.”

TheresearchersperformedacomparativeanalysisusingtrafficpatternsinChengdu,China,totest