中国矿业大学考博英语真题.docx
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中国矿业大学考博英语真题
中国矿业大学考博英语真题2011年
PartOneCloze
Directions:
Filleachoftheblanksinthepassagewithonesuitableword.
Onewordthatyoumighthavelearnedwhenyouwerestudyingaboutsoundisfrequency.Frequencymeans1fastthesoundwavevibrates.Fastervibrationsproduce2pitchedsounds.Thenotesinamusicalscaleindicatethe3orfrequencyofthesound.4wordthatcandescribeasoundisintensity.Intensity5totheamountofenergyinasoundwave,andit6asound'sloudness.Printedmusicwilloftenincludenotesabouthowloudor7toplayeachsectionofthemusic.Timbreisanother8usedtodescribemusicalsounds.Itdescribeshowthesamenotewillhave9soundswhenplayed10differentinstruments.Forexamplethesamenotemaysoundsoftandprettywhenplayedonaflute,11strongandbrassywhenplayedonatrumpet.Thetimbreofanotecomesfromboththeactualnote12isplayed13alsoitsovertones,14areotherhigherandlowersoundsthatareproduced15thesametime.1.
答案:
how
[解答]文中第一句提到与声音有关的一个词是频率。
空格处的句子是对该词的解释,即频率是指声波振动的速度有多快,因此空格处应填“how”。
2.
答案:
high
[解答]空格处前面讲到声波振动的速度很快,由此可以推知会产生尖锐的声音。
high-pitched意为“声调高的,声音尖锐的”,因此空格处应填“high”。
3.
答案:
vibrations
[解答]空格处前面讲到与声音有关的一个词频率,以及声波的振动,据此可以推知此处是说声音的振动和频率,因此应填“vibrations”。
4.
答案:
Theother
[解答]文中第一句提到“Oneword...isfrequency”,因此这里是说另外一个描述声音的词。
“one...theother...”意为“两者中的一个……另一个……”,所以空格处应填“Theother”。
5.
答案:
isrelated
[解答]本句是对声音的强度进行的阐释,即这种强度与声波的能量有关。
berelatedto意为“与……有关,和……有联系”,符合题意。
因此空格处应填“isrelated”。
6.
答案:
is
[解答]空格处前面的it指代“Intensity”,这里是说声音的强度就是声音的音量,因此此处应填“is”。
7.
答案:
soft
[解答]空格处前面提到乐谱包括音符,后面又说演奏各个乐章。
根据or前面的“howloud”可以推知,这里是说演奏音乐的强弱,因此此处应填“soft”。
8.
答案:
word
[解答]空格处后面提到用于描述音乐声,据此可推知这里是说另外一个词,因此此处应填“word”。
9.
答案:
different
[解答]空格处后面提到用不同的乐器演奏,据此可推知这里是说将有不同的声音,因此此处应填“different”。
10.
答案:
with
[解答]空格处是说用不同的乐器演奏,因此此处应填介词“with”。
11.
答案:
while
[解答]空格处前面提到用长笛演奏时听起来柔和、优美,后面提到用小号吹奏时则强烈、低沉。
据此可以推知这里表示对比,应填连词“while”。
12.
答案:
that
[解答]空格处与“isplayed”构成一个定语从句,修饰前面的名词“note”,因此此处应填“that”。
13.
答案:
and
[解答]“both...and...”用于连接两个表示并列关系的名词或代词,意为“既……又……”,因此此处应填“and”。
14.
答案:
which
[解答]空格处与“areotherhigherandlowersounds”构成非限定性定语从句,修饰前面的名词“overtones”,因此此处应填“which”。
15.
答案:
at
[解答]空格处是说同时产生的声音。
atthesametime意为“同时;一起”,因此此处应填“at”。
PartTwoReadingComprehension
Directions:
Inthisparttherearefivepassages,eachfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosethebestone.
PassageOne
ThelastofthedinosaurslivedduringatimecalledtheCretaceousperiod.Thistimeperiodlastedfromabout135millionto65.5millionyearsago.Somesourcesgivetheyearsof146,145,or144millionto65millionyearsago.
IntheCretaceousperiod,themiddleofNorthAmericawascoveredbyashallowsea.TheAtlanticOceanbeganopeningupbetweenEuropeandNorthAmericaasthosecontinentsrifted.OthercontinentsthathadbegunpullingawayfromeachotherintheJurassiccontinueddriftingapart.Indiawasanislandbyitself.
Evergreentrees,mosses,andfernshadbeenthemaintypesofplants,butnowintheCretaceous,floweringplantsappeared.Beesdid,too.Hardwoodtreeslikeoaksandmaplesfirstappearedinthefossilrecord.
Modembirdsandmammalscameintothefossilrecord.TyrannosaurusandTriceratopscameintoexistence.Sodidotherceratopsiandinosaurs,relativesofTriceratops,withtheirwidevarietyoffacialhornsandneckfrills.Greatherdsofperhaps10,000TriceratopsroamedtheedgesoftheNorthAmericanInlandSea.Theclimatebegantocool.
AttheendoftheCretaceous,anothermassextinctionwipedoutasmuchas90percentofmarinelifeand50percentoflifeonland.TherewerenomoredinosaursaftertheendoftheCretaceous,atabout65.5millionyearsago.TheCenozoicera,alsocalledtheAgeofMammals,began.1.ThemassextinctionattheendoftheCretaceousperiod______.
A.killedallthedinosaurs
B.killedhalfofalllifeonland
C.killedasmuchas90percentofmarinelife
D.alloftheabove
答案:
D
[解答]根据文中最后一段的“AttheendoftheCretaceous,anothermassextinctionwipedoutasmuchas90percentofmarinelifeand50percentoflifeonland.TherewerenomoredinosaursaftertheendoftheCretaceous,atabout65.5millionyearsago.”可知,在白垩纪末期,另一次大规模的灭绝摧毁了多达90%的海洋生物,50%的陆地生物。
白垩纪末期后,恐龙都消失了。
据此可知,A、B、C三项都与文意相符,因此D项正确。
2.ContinentsintheCretaceousperiodwere______.
A.driftingapart
B.movingtowardseachother
C.inthesamelocationsastheyaretoday
D.noneoftheabove
答案:
A
[解答]根据文中第二段的“IntheCretaceousperiod,...asthosecontinentsrifted.OthercontinentsthathadbegunpullingawayfromeachotherintheJurassiccontinueddriftingapart.”可知,在白垩纪时期,这些大陆分裂开了。
其他在侏罗纪开始裂开的大陆继续漂移。
据此可知,A项正确。
3.Theauthor'smainpurposeforwritingthiswasto______.
A.inform
B.entertain
C.warn
D.persuade
答案:
A
[解答]纵观全文,作者主要讲述了白垩纪时期的生物、植物以及大陆板块的变化。
据此可知,作者是要告知读者某些信息,因此A项正确。
PassageTwo
Physicaltherapyisthetreatmentofpeopleofallageswithinjuredordiseasedmuscles,arms,orlegs.Physicaltherapists,orPTsastheyareoftencalled,treatpatientswithexerciseandmassage.PTsdonotusemedicinetotreatpatients.Sometimeswaterorheattherapiesareusedfortreatmentaswell.Physicaltherapyhelpsaninjuredorsickpersonmovewithlesspainandstress.
PTsarenotmedicaldoctors,butdoctorsoftenreferpatientstophysicaltherapiststohelppatientsrecoverfrominjuriesordealwithdiseases.APTstudiesthepatient'smedicalrecords.Thenheorshedevelopsatreatmentplantoimprovethepatient'sabilitytomovetheinjuredlimb.PTsworkwithpatientstostrengthendamagedorweakenedmuscles.PTsmayteachthepatienthowtousecrutches,wheelchairs,oranartificiallimb.Therapistswantpatientstobeabletodoasmanydailyactivitiesastheypossiblycan.ThePTkeepsarecordofthepatient'sprogress.Treatmentsarechangedaccordingtothepatient'sneedsandrateofprogress.
Physicaltherapistsmustgraduatefromaphysicaltherapyprogramatacollegeoruniversity.Afouryearbaccalaureatedegreeisrequired.Inaddition,amaster'sdegreerequirestwototwoandone-halfmoreyears.Adoctoratedegreerequiresthreeyears.
Physicaltherapistsmustpassanationaland/orstateexamtogetalicense.SomePTsworkinhospitals,nursinghomes,ordoctors'offices.SomePTstraveltopatients'homestoworkwithpatientswhoarehomebound.SomePTsworkinschools,healthclubs,orwithsportsteams.PTsmayspecializeinacertainfield,suchassportsmedicine,workingwithathletes.Theymightchoosecardiology,working,withpatientswithheartdiseaseordefects.Theymightchoosethefieldofpediatricsiftheylikeworkingwithchildren.
Ifyouareapersonwholikespeopleandwantstohelpthemimprovetheirlives,youmightliketobeaphysicaltherapist.Ifso,youshouldhavestrongcommunicationandinterpersonalskills.Aboveall,compassionisarequiredcharactertraitforaPT.1.Physicaltherapists'______helpspatientsgetbetter.
A.diets
B.medicines
C.surgery
D.training
答案:
D
[解答]根据文中的“Physicaltherapists,orPTsastheyareoftencalled,treatpatientswithexerciseandmassage.”可知,物理治疗师运用锻炼和按摩来治疗患者。
据此可知,D项正确。
2.Whichofthesepeoplewouldprobablybenefitmostfromphysicaltherapy?
A.Adoctorwhoisfiredfromworkinglonghours.
B.Achildwhodoesn'tliketotakemedicine.
C.Anathletewhohastornamuscle.
D.Anathletewithcutsandbruises.
答案:
C
[解答]文中第一句提到“Physicaltherapyisthetreatmentofpeopleofallageswithinjuredordiseasedmuscles,arms,orlegs.”从中可知,物理疗法是治疗受伤或患病的肌肉、手臂或腿。
后面又说“PTsworkwithpatientstostrengthendamagedorweakenedmuscles.”从中可知,物理治疗师帮助患者加强受伤或虚弱的肌肉的力量。
因此物理疗法最大的受益者可能是肌肉撕裂的运动员,C项正确。
3.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?
A.Jobdescriptionforaphysicaltherapist.
B.Jobrequirementsforaphysicaltherapist.
C.Jobtrainingandeducationforaphysicaltherapist.
D.Alloftheabove.
答案:
A
[解答]根据文中第四段可知,有些物理治疗师在医院、疗养院和诊所工作,还有一些在学校、健身俱乐部等地方工作。
而物理治疗师从事的领域也不同,有些专攻运动医学,因此他们所医治的对象是运动员;有些选择的是心脏病学,他们所医治的对象就是心脏病人。
据此可以推知,本段主要是关于物理治疗师的职位描述,A项正确。
4.Whichoftheseisanopinionandnotafact?
A.SomePTstraveltopatients'homes.
B.Physicaltherapistshavearewardingjob.
C.Physicaltherapistsfirstneedacollegedegree.
D.Physicaltherapistsmustpassanexamtogetalicense.
答案:
B
[解答]根据第四段的“SomePTstraveltopatients'homestoworkwithpatientswhoarehomebound.”可知,有些物理治疗师需要到患者家里工作。
根据第三段的“Physicaltherapistsmustgraduatefromaphysicaltherapyprogramatacollegeoruniversity.”可知,物理治疗师首先需要大学文凭。
根据第四段的“Physicaltherapistsmustpassanationaland/orstateexamtogetalicense.”可知,物理治疗师必须通过考试,获得许可证。
据此可知,A、C、D三项都是文中阐述的事实,因此都不选,故B项正确。
PassageThree
ThisamazingwomanwasbornapoorGermanprincessandbecameoneofRussia'sgreatestemperors.
ShewasbornPrincessSophiaAugustFrederikaonMay2,1729,intheBalticseaporttownofStettin,thenapartofGermanPomerania.HerfatherwasanobscureGermanmilitaryprincenamedChristianAugust,andhermotherwasPrincessJoannaElizabethofHolstein-Gottorp.Herfatherwas.rulerofthetinyprincipalityofAnhalt-Zerbst,butthegreaterpartofhislifewasspentasanofficerintheserviceofPrussia.
In1744,shearrivedinMoscowwithhermothertomarryPeter,theGrandDukeofHolstein,grandsonofPetertheGreatandheirtotheRussianthrone(laterPeterⅢ).Theirmarriagewasanunhappyone.Catherine(nowbaptizedintotheRussianOrthodoxChurchunderthatname)spentmuchofhertimepreparingforherfuturereign.
In1761,Peterwascrownedemperor.SupportedbytheRussianmilitary,CatherineoverthrewPeterin1762andbecameCatherineII.Shequicklybegantomakechangesingovernmentandsociety