中国矿业大学考博英语真题.docx

1、中国矿业大学考博英语真题中国矿业大学考博英语真题2011年Part One Cloze Directions: Fill each of the blanks in the passage with one suitable word. One word that you might have learned when you were studying about sound is frequency. Frequency means 1 fast the sound wave vibrates. Faster vibrations produce 2 pitched sounds. The

2、 notes in a musical scale indicate the 3 or frequency of the sound. 4 word that can describe a sound is intensity. Intensity 5 to the amount of energy in a sound wave, and it 6 a sounds loudness. Printed music will often include notes about how loud or 7 to play each section of the music. Timbre is

3、another 8 used to describe musical sounds. It describes how the same note will have 9 sounds when played 10 different instruments. For example the same note may sound soft and pretty when played on a flute, 11 strong and brassy when played on a trumpet. The timbre of a note comes from both the actua

4、l note 12 is played 13 also its overtones, 14 are other higher and lower sounds that are produced 15 the same time.1.答案：how解答 文中第一句提到与声音有关的一个词是频率。空格处的句子是对该词的解释，即频率是指声波振动的速度有多快，因此空格处应填“how”。2.答案：high解答 空格处前面讲到声波振动的速度很快，由此可以推知会产生尖锐的声音。high-pitched意为“声调高的，声音尖锐的”，因此空格处应填“high”。3.答案：vibrations解答 空格处前面讲到与

5、声音有关的一个词频率，以及声波的振动，据此可以推知此处是说声音的振动和频率，因此应填“vibrations”。4.答案：The other解答 文中第一句提到“One word.is frequency”，因此这里是说另外一个描述声音的词。“one.the other.”意为“两者中的一个另一个”，所以空格处应填“The other”。5.答案：is related解答 本句是对声音的强度进行的阐释，即这种强度与声波的能量有关。be related to意为“与有关，和有联系”，符合题意。因此空格处应填“is related”。6.答案：is解答 空格处前面的it指代“Intensity”，这

6、里是说声音的强度就是声音的音量，因此此处应填“is”。7.答案：soft解答 空格处前面提到乐谱包括音符，后面又说演奏各个乐章。根据or前面的“how loud”可以推知，这里是说演奏音乐的强弱，因此此处应填“soft”。8.答案：word解答 空格处后面提到用于描述音乐声，据此可推知这里是说另外一个词，因此此处应填“word”。9.答案：different解答 空格处后面提到用不同的乐器演奏，据此可推知这里是说将有不同的声音，因此此处应填“different”。10.答案：with解答 空格处是说用不同的乐器演奏，因此此处应填介词“with”。11.答案：while解答 空格处前面提到用长笛

7、演奏时听起来柔和、优美，后面提到用小号吹奏时则强烈、低沉。据此可以推知这里表示对比，应填连词“while”。12.答案：that解答 空格处与“is played”构成一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词“note”，因此此处应填“that”。13.答案：and解答 “both.and.”用于连接两个表示并列关系的名词或代词，意为“既又”，因此此处应填“and”。14.答案：which解答 空格处与“are other higher and lower sounds”构成非限定性定语从句，修饰前面的名词“overtones”，因此此处应填“which”。15.答案：at解答 空格处是说同时产生的声音。

8、at the same time意为“同时；一起”，因此此处应填“at”。Part Two Reading Comprehension Directions: In this part there are five passages, each followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one. Passage One The last of the dinosaurs lived

9、during a time called the Cretaceous period. This time period lasted from about 135 million to 65.5 million years ago. Some sources give the years of 146, 145, or 144 million to 65 million years ago. In the Cretaceous period, the middle of North America was covered by a shallow sea. The Atlantic Ocea

10、n began opening up between Europe and North America as those continents rifted. Other continents that had begun pulling away from each other in the Jurassic continued drifting apart. India was an island by itself. Evergreen trees, mosses, and ferns had been the main types of plants, but now in the C

11、retaceous, flowering plants appeared. Bees did, too. Hardwood trees like oaks and maples first appeared in the fossil record. Modem birds and mammals came into the fossil record. Tyrannosaurus and Triceratops came into existence. So did other ceratopsian dinosaurs, relatives of Triceratops, with the

12、ir wide variety of facial horns and neck frills. Great herds of perhaps 10,000 Triceratops roamed the edges of the North American Inland Sea. The climate began to cool. At the end of the Cretaceous, another mass extinction wiped out as much as 90 percent of marine life and 50 percent of life on land

13、. There were no more dinosaurs after the end of the Cretaceous, at about 65.5 million years ago. The Cenozoic era, also called the Age of Mammals, began.1. The mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period _. A.killed all the dinosaursB.killed half of all life on landC.killed as much as 90 per

14、cent of marine lifeD.all of the above答案：D解答 根据文中最后一段的“At the end of the Cretaceous, another mass extinction wiped out as much as 90 percent of marine life and 50 percent of life on land. There were no more dinosaurs after the end of the Cretaceous, at about 65.5 million years ago.”可知，在白垩纪末期，另一次大规模的灭

15、绝摧毁了多达90%的海洋生物，50%的陆地生物。白垩纪末期后，恐龙都消失了。据此可知，A、B、C三项都与文意相符，因此D项正确。2. Continents in the Cretaceous period were _.A.drifting apartB.moving towards each otherC.in the same locations as they are todayD.none of the above答案：A解答 根据文中第二段的“In the Cretaceous period, .as those continents rifted. Other continents

16、 that had begun pulling away from each other in the Jurassic continued drifting apart.”可知，在白垩纪时期，这些大陆分裂开了。其他在侏罗纪开始裂开的大陆继续漂移。据此可知，A项正确。3. The authors main purpose for writing this was to _.A.informB.entertainC.warnD.persuade答案：A解答 纵观全文，作者主要讲述了白垩纪时期的生物、植物以及大陆板块的变化。据此可知，作者是要告知读者某些信息，因此A项正确。Passage Two

17、Physical therapy is the treatment of people of all ages with injured or diseased muscles, arms, or legs. Physical therapists, or PTs as they are often called, treat patients with exercise and massage. PTs do not use medicine to treat patients. Sometimes water or heat therapies are used for treatment

18、 as well. Physical therapy helps an injured or sick person move with less pain and stress. PTs are not medical doctors, but doctors often refer patients to physical therapists to help patients recover from injuries or deal with diseases. A PT studies the patients medical records. Then he or she deve

19、lops a treatment plan to improve the patients ability to move the injured limb. PTs work with patients to strengthen damaged or weakened muscles. PTs may teach the patient how to use crutches, wheelchairs, or an artificial limb. Therapists want patients to be able to do as many daily activities as t

20、hey possibly can. The PT keeps a record of the patients progress. Treatments are changed according to the patients needs and rate of progress. Physical therapists must graduate from a physical therapy program at a college or university. A four year baccalaureate degree is required. In addition, a ma

21、sters degree requires two to two and one-half more years. A doctorate degree requires three years. Physical therapists must pass a national and/or state exam to get a license. Some PTs work in hospitals, nursing homes, or doctors offices. Some PTs travel to patients homes to work with patients who a

22、re homebound. Some PTs work in schools, health clubs, or with sports teams. PTs may specialize in a certain field, such as sports medicine, working with athletes. They might choose cardiology, working, with patients with heart disease or defects. They might choose the field of pediatrics if they lik

23、e working with children. If you are a person who likes people and wants to help them improve their lives, you might like to be a physical therapist. If so, you should have strong communication and interpersonal skills. Above all, compassion is a required character trait for a PT.1. Physical therapis

24、ts _ helps patients get better. A.dietsB.medicinesC.surgeryD.training答案：D解答 根据文中的“Physical therapists, or PTs as they are often called, treat patients with exercise and massage.”可知，物理治疗师运用锻炼和按摩来治疗患者。据此可知，D项正确。2. Which of these people would probably benefit most from physical therapy?A.A doctor who i

25、s fired from working long hours.B.A child who doesnt like to take medicine.C.An athlete who has torn a muscle.D.An athlete with cuts and bruises.答案：C解答 文中第一句提到“Physical therapy is the treatment of people of all ages with injured or diseased muscles, arms, or legs.”从中可知，物理疗法是治疗受伤或患病的肌肉、手臂或腿。后面又说“PTs

26、work with patients to strengthen damaged or weakened muscles.”从中可知，物理治疗师帮助患者加强受伤或虚弱的肌肉的力量。因此物理疗法最大的受益者可能是肌肉撕裂的运动员，C项正确。3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A.Job description for a physical therapist.B.Job requirements for a physical therapist.C.Job training and education for a physical therapist.D.Al

27、l of the above.答案：A解答 根据文中第四段可知，有些物理治疗师在医院、疗养院和诊所工作，还有一些在学校、健身俱乐部等地方工作。而物理治疗师从事的领域也不同，有些专攻运动医学，因此他们所医治的对象是运动员；有些选择的是心脏病学，他们所医治的对象就是心脏病人。据此可以推知，本段主要是关于物理治疗师的职位描述，A项正确。4. Which of these is an opinion and not a fact?A.Some PTs travel to patients homes.B.Physical therapists have a rewarding job.C.Physic

28、al therapists first need a college degree.D.Physical therapists must pass an exam to get a license.答案：B解答 根据第四段的“Some PTs travel to patients homes to work with patients who are homebound.”可知，有些物理治疗师需要到患者家里工作。根据第三段的“Physical therapists must graduate from a physical therapy program at a college or uni

29、versity.”可知，物理治疗师首先需要大学文凭。根据第四段的“Physical therapists must pass a national and/or state exam to get a license.”可知，物理治疗师必须通过考试，获得许可证。据此可知，A、C、D三项都是文中阐述的事实，因此都不选，故B项正确。Passage Three This amazing woman was born a poor German princess and became one of Russias greatest emperors. She was born Princess Sop

30、hia August Frederika on May 2, 1729, in the Baltic seaport town of Stettin, then a part of German Pomerania. Her father was an obscure German military prince named Christian August, and her mother was Princess Joanna Elizabeth of Holstein-Gottorp. Her father was. ruler of the tiny principality of An

31、halt-Zerbst, but the greater part of his life was spent as an officer in the service of Prussia. In 1744, she arrived in Moscow with her mother to marry Peter, the Grand Duke of Holstein, grandson of Peter the Great and heir to the Russian throne (later Peter ). Their marriage was an unhappy one. Ca

32、therine (now baptized into the Russian Orthodox Church under that name) spent much of her time preparing for her future reign. In 1761, Peter was crowned emperor. Supported by the Russian military, Catherine overthrew Peter in 1762 and became Catherine II. She quickly began to make changes in government and society