高考英语句型句式专题汇总.docx
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高考英语句型句式专题汇总
高考英语句型句式专题总汇
(一按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1陈述句(DeclarativeSentences:
说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。
Lighttravelsfasterthansound.光比声速度快。
(说明事实
Thefilmisratherboring.这部电影很乏味。
(说明看法
这里我们侧重讲述否定句
一.概念
否定句指否定陈述句的句子.
二.相关知识点精讲
1.用not构成的否定句:
主语+助动词/be+not+…
例句:
Heisnotbackyet.
Itisnottrue.
Wehaven‟tforgottenyou.
Youshouldn‟tbesosilly.
Wehaven‟tbeeninvitedyet.
Hewon‟tgo,buttheywill.
Moneycouldnotbuyhappiness.
Ilikethesalad,butIdon‟tlikethissoup.
Hewantsagirlfriend,buthedoesn‟twanttogetmarried.
Youdidn‟tunderstandwhatIsaid,didyou?
Youneedn‟ttrytoexplain.
Ididn‟tusetolikeopera,butnowI‟mgettinginterested.
Iusedn‟ttolikeopera,butnowI‟mgettinginterested.
2.祈使句的否定句:
Don‟t+动词原形…。
例句:
Don‟tworry.I‟lllookafteryou.
Don‟tbelieveawordhesays.
Don‟tbesorude.
3.非谓语动词(不定式,分词,动名词的否定式:
把not放在todo;doing;的前面。
It‟simportantnottoworry.
Hesaidhedeeplyregrettednotbeingabletohelp.
Notknowingwhattodo,Shellyaskedadviceofherfriend.
Hereproachedmefornothavingtoldittohim.
4.not与除谓语以外的其他句子成分连用:
Comeearly,butnotbeforesix.
It‟sworking,butnotproperly.
Ibelievehewillsucceed,thoughnotwithoutsomedifficulty.
not用在Ihope;Ibelieve;I‟mafraid;Iguess;Isuppose;Iexpect之后,构成省略句。
—Willitsnowtoday?
—Ihopenot.
5.用no构成否定句:
no+名词(单,复数,不可数相当于not+a+名词/not+any+名词
Nomachinewouldworkforlongifitwerenotproperlylubricated.
ThenationsofEuropeandAmericahavefoundthatnocountrycanproduceallitsneedswithouttrading.
Takethattowel,Ihavenoother.
Icanwalknofarther.
Thereisnoknowingwhatwillhappen.
6.某些否定副词或代词:
seldom;never;hardly;rarely;little;few;none;nowhere;neither等在句中构成否定句:
Icanseldomfindtimeforreading.
Mirrortellsonlythefacts,neverthepoetry.
Therumorcamefromnowhere.
Nonebutfoolshaveeverbelievedit.
7.否定转移:
当think;believe;suppose;imagine等动词引导否定意义的宾语从句时,把从句中的not提到主句这些动词前面,是主句变成否定句:
Idon‟tthinkshe‟sathome,butI‟llgoandsee.
Idon‟timaginethathe‟llenjoyit.
8.否定式疑问句:
Doesn‟tsheunderstand?
Haven‟tyoubookedyourholidayyet?
部分否定:
注意部分否定的结构:
Notall…=All…not…
Notboth…=Both…not…
Notevery…=Every…not…
Idon‟trememberallthenames.
Allisnotgoldthatglitters.
Itisnotfoundeverywhere.
Noteveryonelikesthisfilm.
9.用否定形式表示肯定的意义:
注意这些句型:
cannot…too../cannot…more:
越…就越好;再…不过了。
Youcannotbetoocareful.
Amancanneverhavetoomanyfriends.
三.巩固练习
1.—Suchasuddenturnintheroadistoodifficultforthenewdriver,isn‟tit?
—_____.He‟sdealtwithallkindsoftroublesomesituationsbefore.
A.No,itisn‟t
B.Yes,itis
C.No,heisn‟t
D.Yes,heis
2.—Aren‟tyoufeelingtired?
—______,Iamrather.
A.Yes
B.No
C.Notatall
D.Never
3.—Sheisn‟tadancingteacher,isshe?
—______.
A.Yes,sheisn‟t
B.No,sheis
C.Yes,shewasn‟t
D.No,butshewas.
4.—Willyougoshoppingwithusthisafternoon?
—_____butI‟vegotquitealotofhomeworktodo.
A.ofcourse
B.I‟dliketo
C.That‟sallright
D.No,Iwon‟t
5.—Ifourparentswouldlistenmoretous,theywouldunderstandusbetter.—_____.Theyjustexpectustolisten.
A.Ibelievenot
B.Noproblem
C.Goodidea
D.Ican‟tagreemore
6.—Didyouenjoythetrip?
—I‟mafraidnot.And_____.
A.myclassmatescan‟teither.
B.myclassmatesdon‟ttoo.
C.neitherdomyclassmates
D.neitherdidmyclassmates
7.Trytoretellthestoryinyourownwords.______afraidtomakemistakes.
A.Nottobe
B.Don‟t
C.Nobe
D.Don‟tbe
四.答案
AADBDDD
2疑问句(InterrogativeSentences:
提出问题。
有以下四种:
a.一般疑问句(GeneralQuestions:
Canyoufinishtheworkintime?
你能按时完成工作吗?
b.特殊疑问句(WQuestions;HQuestions:
Wheredoyoulive?
你住那儿?
Howdoyouknowthat?
你怎么知道那件事?
c.选择疑问句(AlternativeQuestions:
Doyouwantteaorcoffee?
你是要茶还是要咖啡?
d.反意疑问句(Tag-Questions:
这里我们测重讲解反意疑问句
1陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用aren'tI.
I'mastallasyoursister,aren'tI?
2陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may+主语。
Iwishtohaveawordwithyou,mayI?
3陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。
TheSwedemadenoanswer,didhe/she?
Someplantsneverblown(开花,dothey?
4含有oughtto的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't/oughtn't+主语。
Heoughttoknowwhattodo,oughtn'the?
/shouldn'the?
5陈述部分有haveto+v.(hadto+v.,疑问部分常用don't+主语(didn't+主语。
Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,don'twe?
6陈述部分的谓语是usedto时,疑问部分用didn't+主语或usedn't+主语。
Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didn'the?
/usedn'the?
7陈述部分有hadbetter+v.疑问句部分用hadn'tyou?
You'dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn'tyou?
8陈述部分有wouldrather+v.,疑问部分多用wouldn't+主语。
Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldn'the?
9陈述部分有You'dliketo+v.疑问部分用wouldn't+主语。
You'dliketogowithme,wouldn'tyou?
10陈述部分有must的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
Hemustbeadoctor,isn'the?
YoumusthavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears,haven'tyou?
/didn'tyou?
Hemusthavefinishedityesterday,didn'the?
11感叹句中,疑问部分用be+主语。
Whatcolours,aren'tthey?
Whatasmell,isn'tit?
12陈述部分由neither…nor,either…or连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?
13陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用it。
Everythingisready,isn'tit?
14陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:
a.并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr.SmithhadbeentoBeijingforseveraltimes,heshouldhavebeeninChinanow,shouldn'the?
b.带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
Heisnotthemanwhogaveusatalk,ishe?
HesaidhewantedtovisitJapan,didn'the?
c.上述部分主句谓语是think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导的定语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
Idon'tthinkheisbright,ishe?
Webelieveshecandoitbetter,can'tshe?
15陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noone等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he。
Everyoneknowstheanswer,don'tthey?
(doeshe?
Nobodyknowsaboutit,dothey?
(doeshe?
16带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用need(dare+主语。
Weneednotdoitagain,needwe?
Hedarenotsayso,dareyou?
当dare,need为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do+主语。
Shedoesn'tdaretogohomealone,doesshe?
17省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用willyou。
Don'tdothatagain,willyou?
Gowithme,willyou/won'tyou?
注意:
Let's开头的祈使句,后用shallwe?
Letus开头的祈使句,后用willyou?
Let'sgoandlistentothemusic,shallwe?
Letuswaitforyouinthereading-room,willyou?
18陈述部分是"therebe"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
Thereissomethingwrongwithyourwatch,isn'tthere?
Therewillnotbeanytrouble,willthere?
19否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
Itisimpossible,isn'tit?
Heisnotunkindtohisclassmates,ishe?
20must在表"推测"时,根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
Hemustbetherenow,isn'the?
Itmustbegoingtoraintomorrow,won'tit?
快速记忆表
陈述部分的谓语疑问部分
Iaren'tI?
Wishmay+主语?
no,nothing,nobody,never,
few,seldom,hardly,肯定含义
rarely,little等否定含义的词
oughtto(肯定的shouldn't/oughtn't+主语
haveto+v.(hadto+v.don't+主语(didn't+主语
usedtodidn't+主语或usedn't+主语
hadbetter+v.hadn'tyou
wouldrather+v.wouldn't+主语
you'dliketo+v.wouldn't+主语
must根据实际情况而定
感叹句中be+主语
Neither…nor,
either…or连接的根据其实际逻辑意义而定
并列主语
指示代词或不定代词
everything,that,主语用it
nothing,this
并列复合句谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
定语从句,宾语从句的
主从复合句根据主句的谓语而定
think,believe,expect,
suppose,imagine等引导与宾语从句相对应的从句
everybody,anyone,
somebody,nobody,noone复数they,单数he
情态动词dare或needneed(dare+主语?
dare,need为实义动词do+主语?
省去主语的祈使句willyou?
Let's开头的祈使句Shallwe?
Letus开头的祈使句Willyou?
therebe相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词
否定前缀不能视为否定词仍用否定形式
must表"推测"根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句
注意:
怎样回答反意疑问句?
It'sverycoldtoday,isn'tit?
你该怎么回答呢?
首先,我们来回顾一下怎样回答一般疑问句。
Areyouon-linenow?
(你在上网吗?
当然啦,你的回答应该是肯定的。
否则就不会看到这篇文章了。
回答应该是:
Yes,Iam.
你正在看电视吗?
AreyouwatchingTVnow?
肯定没有啦,你就应该说:
No,I'mnot.现在你可以总结出来,该怎么回答一般疑问句了吧?
!
对,就是根据实际情况回答,Yes,Ido.或者No,Idon't.
反意疑问句的回答法跟一般疑问句的回答方式完全一样。
例如:
SheisgoodatEnglish,isn'tshe?
回答可以是:
Yes,sheis.或者No,sheisn't.注意,回答一定要和实际情况相符合,“是”就“是”,“不是”就“不是”。
也就是说回答反意疑问句要遵循“实事求是”的原则,肯定的答案就用yes+肯定结构;否定的答案就用no+否定结构。
答案要和实际情况相符。
那怎样回答Thereisacomputerinyourroom,isn'tthere?
这个句子呢?
你房间里确实有台电脑,那么回答就是:
Yes,thereis.不过,我们现在只练习了一种反意疑问句,即:
前一部分为肯定式,后一部分是否定式。
反意疑问句还有一种形式,就是:
前一部分是否定式,后一部分是肯定式。
Thereisn'tacomputerinyourroom,isthere?
“你的房间里没有电脑,对吗?
”你该怎么回答呢?
根据中国人的思维,反应在你脑海中的肯定是,“不对,我房间里有电脑。
”便顺口回答道:
No,thereis.这样,可就大错特错了。
因为你违背了“事实求是”的原则:
肯定的答案就用yes+肯定结构;否定的答案就用no+否定结构。
所以刚刚那句话的回答应该是:
Yes,thereis.
总之,回答反意疑问句就得记住一点:
实事求是。
记住了?
不管是做人还是回答反意疑问句都是一样的。
OK.Youdon'thaveanyquestions,doyou?
你怎么回答呢?
希望是--No,Idon't.
三.巩固练习
1.It‟safineday,Let‟sgofishing,_____?
A.won‟twe
B.willwe
C.don‟twe
D.shallwe
2.Frankisworkinglateagain.Thisisthefirsttimethisweekhe‟shadtostudylate,____?
A.isn‟the
B.hasn‟tit
C.hasn‟the
D.isn‟tit
3.—Daddy‟sforgottoposttheletteragain,____?
—I‟mafraidhe___.
A.has;has
B.isn‟t;is
C.hasn‟t;has
D.has;hasn‟t
4.—Sorry,I‟mnotfeelingwellandIdon‟tthinkIcanfinish.
—Don‟tworry.Letusdoitforyou,____?
A.willyou
B.shallwe
C.shan‟twe
D.shallyou
5.Idon‟tthinkhecouldhavedonesuchastupidthinglastnight,____?
A.doI
B.couldhe
C.didhe
D.hashe
6.—Thegroundiswet.
—Itmusthaverainedlastnight,____?
A.hasn‟tit
B.didn‟tit
C.mustn‟tit
D.isn‟tit
7.—Jennydoesn‟tthinkthatRobertishonest,___?
—I‟mafraidnot.
A.ishe
B.isn‟the
C.doesshe
D.doesn‟tshe
8.—Thenewwindowsneedwashing.
—Well,let‟swashthemtogether,____?
A.shallwe
B.willyou
C.shouldwe
D.wouldyou
9.Thereislittlewecandoaboutit,____?
A.isthere
B.can‟twe
C.isn‟tthere
D.canwe
10.—Theproblemwasn‟tdifficultforhim,wasit?
—______.Heshouldhavebeengivenamoredifficultone.
A.No,itwas
B.Yes,itwas
C.Yes,itwasn‟t
D.No,itwasn‟t
四.答案
DDCACBCAAD
3祈使句(ImperativeSentences:
提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:
一.概念
祈使句用以表达命令,要求,请求,劝告等。
二.相关知识点精讲
1.祈使