遥感卫星数据产品分类分级规则研究.docx

遥感卫星数据产品分类分级规则研究.docx

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遥感卫星数据产品分类分级规则研究

Classificationandgradationruleforremote

sensingsatellitedataproducts

WANGJinnian,GUXingfa,MINGTao,ZHOUXiang

InstituteofRemoteSensingandDigitalEarthofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101,China

Abstract:

Remotesensinginformationproductsutilizingthemulti-source,multi-scale,multi-temporal,multi-typeremotesensing

satellitedataandgroundobservationdatabecomeimportantresearchtopics．Thevariousclassificationandgradationrulesofdataproductsfromdifferentremotesensingsatellitesindifferentcountrieshavedifficultyinmeetingtherequirementsoftheintegrationofmulti-sourceandmulti-typegeographicinformation．Themainproductsseriesaswellastheclassificationandgradationrulesfor

bothdomesticandabroadusagewereinvestigatedinthispaper．AnewclassificationandgradationruleforremotesensingsatellitedataproductsinChinawasprovidedfollowingtheprinciplesofefficiency,science,integralitycompatibility,maneuverability,andextendibility．Theclassificationrulewasbasedonthespectralcharacteranddataacquisitionmethod,whereasthegradationrulewasbasedontheprocessinglevelofremotesatellitedata．Theuniformclassificationandgradationrulewasbuilt．Therulecouldkeepupwiththecorrelativeinternationalstandardsthatisstillonprogress．Theruleincludedmajorremotesensingsatellitedataproductsatpresentandcouldconvenientlybuildamappingmechanismwithotherclassificationandgradationrules．Itsscalabilitycanmeettherequirementsofclassificationandgradationfornewproductsinthefuture．Theruleprovidedthebasisforresearchontheindicatorsystemofclassificationandgradationandforthedevelopmentofcorrelativenationalstandards．Keywords:

remotesensingsatellitedataproducts,classification,gradation,indicatorsystem,standardizationCLCnumber:

TP701Documentcode:

A

Citationformat:

WangJN,GuXF,MingTandZhouX．2013．Classificationandgradationruleforremotesensingsatellitedata

products．JournalofRemoteSensing,17（3:

566－577

Received:

2011-11-21;Accepted:

2012-10-09;Versionofrecordfirstpublished:

2012-10-16

Foundation:

Nationalsatelliteapplicationhigh-techindustrializationspecialproject“Researchonautonomousremotesensingsatellitedataproductsandserv-icestechnicalstandardsanddevelopmentofsupportsystemhigh-techindustrializationdemonstrationproject”

Firstauthorbiography:

WANGJinnian（1966—,male,professor．Hisresearchinterestsarehyperspectralremotesensing,comprehensiveapplicationtechnologyonRS,GISandGPS．E-mail:

jwang@irsa．ac．cn

1

THEINTEGRATIONOFMULTI-SOURCENEEDSAUNIFORMCLASSIFICATIONANDGRADATIONRULE

TheremotesensingsatelliteapplicationinChinastartedtowardstheendof1970s．Remotesensingdatadependonimportedsourcesbecauseoftheabsenceofanautonomousremotesensingdatasource．TheearthobservationtechnologyandapplicationinChinahavegreatlyprogressedrecently．Chinaalreadyhaveautonomousremotesensingsatellitesnow,suchasFengyun（FYmeteorologicalsatelliteseries,oceansatelliteseries,China-BrazilEarthResourcesSatellite（CBERSseries,

Huanjingseries,Beijing-1,andTianhui,butalsoobtaineda

largeamountofopticalandmicrowavedata．Moreadvancedhigh-resolutionearthobservationsatellitesandmarine-landob-servationsatelliteshavebeenincludedinplanning．Twokindsofcommonlyuseddataresourceshavebeenrecentlyformed．Intheforeseeablefuture,autonomousremotesensingdatawillgrad-uallybecomethemaindatasourceandtheinternationalcooperationintheglobalearthobservingsystemhasincreasinglyexpanded．

TheremotesensingsatelliteapplicationinChinahasdevel-opedfromexperimentaltobusinessandindustrialoperationsin

manyapplicationdomains．Withtherapidincreaseindataacqui-sitioncapacityandtheconstantexpansionofapplicationdomain,theneedforsharingandintegratingapplicationsforremotesens-ingsatellitedataresourceshasincreased．Therequirementofglobalmassivemulti-sourceseamlessdatabaseasatechnicalsup-portforglobalobservationandglobalscientificresearch,createsanewchallengetotheexistingmodelofdataintegration．Inad-dition,thedevelopmentofspatialinformationindustrychainhasmadeahigherdemandfordataproductionprocessingability,es-peciallyinstandardizationandscaleprocessingcapacity．Thein-tegrationofmulti-source,multi-temporal,multi-scale,and

multi-typeremotesensingdata,theintegratedutilizationofmulti-typeremotesensingdata,groundobservationinformation,andthefurtherutilizationofremotesensingdataproductswithlarge-scaleproductioncapacityhavebecometheimportantandurgentdevelopmentdirection．

Theuniformclassificationandgradationruleforremotesensingsatellitedataproductsisthefoundationofexchange,integration,andintegratedapplicationofmulti-resourcedata．

Theinconsistencyamongexistingclassificationandgradationrulesofdifferentseriesofremotesensingsatellitedataproductsleadstotheinconsistencybetweenproductspecificationsandtes-tingmethods．Thisinconsistencyhasnotonlyinfluencedtheuti-

lizationbyintegrationofmulti-source,multi-scale,multi-temporal,multi-typeremotesensingsatellitedata,aswellasdeepexploitationandutilizationofremotesensinginformationprod-ucts,butalsoinfluencedtheeffectiveevaluationofusersontheperformanceandqualityofdataproductsfromdifferentsources．Theabsenceofuniformclassificationandgradationruleforremotesensingsatellitedataproductshascausedincreasingobstaclesinlarge-scaleproductionandapplicationofdataproductsinthedevelopmentofspatialinformationindustry．

Internationalorganizations,suchasInternationalOrganizationforStandardization（ISO,areacceleratingthedevelopmentofrelevantstandardstomeetthechallengesinthistechnology．SomeinternationalgeographicinformationstandardssuchasISO/TS19101-2Geographicinformation-Referencemodel-Part2:

Im-agery,ISO/TS19130Geographicinformation-Sensoranddatamodelforimageryandgriddeddata,ISO/DIS19144-1Geographicinformation-Classificationsystems-Part1:

Classificationsystemstructure,ISO/RS19124Geographicinformation-Imageryandgriddeddatacomponents,andISO19115GeographicInfor-mation-Metadatastandardizetheclassificationofremotesensingsensors,imagerydataformat,classificationsystem,andproduc-tionofdataproducts,etal．Theylaidthefoundationforthecre-ationoftheuniformclassificationandgradationrule．

2THEMAJOREXISTINGCLASSIFICATIONANDGRADATIONRULEFORREMOTESENSINGSATELLITEDATAPRODUCTSSeveralclassificationandgradationrulesexistforremotesensingsatellitedataproductsdomesticandabroad．Theserulesaremainlybasedonsatelliteobservationobjects,observationmodels,andapplicationgoals（Table1．

Theoceanandmeteorologicalsatelliteswithlowspatialresolutionaretypesofsatelliteswhereinobservationobjectsaredynamicphenomenainlargerareas．Thedataproductcharacter-isticsofthesesatellitesarelowspatialresolution,hightemporalresolution,andemphasisonspectralapplications．Therulesforthesedataproductsarerelativelyuniform．Radiometriccorrectionandsystemgeometriccorrectionarefinishedinlevel1,whereastheproductionofparameterinversionisinlevel2andinhigherlevels．ThedataproductsincludeFY-2C/2D/2E[1],HY-1（StateOceanicAdministrationPeople'sRepublicofChina,2004,MODIS[2-4],andASTER[5-6],etal．Inrecentyears,theapplicationsofmeteorologicalandoceansatelliteshavegrad-uallyprogressedbeyondthetraditionalprofessionalscope．Theyareincreasinglyusedinenvironmentalprotection,trafficmanage-ment,citystructures,andseveralotherfields．Theoriginalclas-sificationandgradationrulesfordataproductswereunabletomeettheneedfordataintegrationandsharing．

Thelandsatelliteisanothertypeofsatellitewhereintheobservationobjectsarelandsurfaces．Theobservationareaissmallandtherequiredprecisionishigh．Thedataproductchar-acteristicsofthistypeofsatelliteincludehighspatialresolutionandlowtemporalresolution．Theexistingclassificationandgra-dationrulesforlandsatellitesdataproductswerecreatedmainlyaccordingtothesatelliteseries．Thegradationrulesforpanchro-maticandmultispectraldataproductsarecomparativematurity．Thesystemgeometriccorrection,relativeradiometriccalibration,andabsoluteradiometriccalibrationareusuallyfinishedinlevel1orlevel2．Advancedataproductsareproducedinlevel3orhigher．ThetypicalrulesincludeCBERS（StateCommissionofScienceandTechnologyforNationalDefenseIndustry,2007,HJ1A/1B（MinistryofEnvironmentalProtectionofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,2011,BJ-1[7],Landsat[8],WorldView[9],GeoEye[10],andSPOT（SPOTImage,2003,etal．Theapplica-tionofhyperspectralremotesensinghasrecentlystartedandthegradationrulesofhyperspectraldataproductsrefertothemulti-spectraldataproducts．Thegradationrulesofmicrowavesatellitedataproductsareclearer．ThetypicalgradationrulesincludeEnviSat（EuropeanSpaceAgency,2007andRadarsat（MDA,2009．

[1]Fengyunsatelliteremotesensingdataserviceweb．DataOverview．ht-tp:

//satellite．cma．gov．cn/PortalSite/Ord/DataOverview．aspx

[2]USGS．MODISOverView．[2012－03－22]http:

//lpdaac．usgs．gov/products/modis_overview

[3]NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration．MODISDATAPROD-UCTS．[2012－03－26]http:

//modis．gsfc．nasa．gov/data/

[4]TheResourcesandEnvironmentRemoteSensingDatabase．MODISDataDescription．[2012