状语从句学生版.docx

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状语从句学生版.docx

状语从句学生版

状语从句

一.状语:

1.Thecarstopssuddenly.()

2.Lilyisaprettysmartgirl.()

3.Youmustrunveryfast.()

二.状语从句:

ThecarstopssuddenlywhenIamrunning.

三.分类:

 

四.位置:

五.分类讲解:

1.时间状语从句

常用引导词:

特殊引导词:

<1>when/as/while的用法:

when引导时间状语从句时,可与短暂性动词连用,也可与延续性动词连用,从句动作发生在主句动作之前。

WhenIenteredtheclassroom,allthestudentslookedupatmecuriously.

WhenIcameintotheoffice,theteacherswerehavingameeting.

阅读:

Whentreesarecutdownandnaturalhabitatsdestroyed,weshouldprotectwildanimalsfromdyingout.

Wheneveryonerealizestherisksofdeforestation,Iamsurethatthenaturalhabitatsofwildlifewillbebetterconserved.

Itisunnecessarytoconductexperimentsonanimalswhentherearealotofalternativestotheexperiments.

while只能与延续性动词连用

CouldyoulookafterRobertwhileIampreparingthereport?

阅读:

Whilewesaveendangeredspecies,weareinterferingwiththeevolutionaryprocess.

as表示两个动作的同时性,意为“一边……,一边……”;“随着时间的推移”

Thechildrensangastheyclimbedthemountain.

阅读:

Ashumanpopulationcontinuestogrow,theeffectsofpollutiononwildlifeworsen.

Asthenaturalenvironmentshrinksinthefaceofhumanexpansion,wildanimalsarelefthomeless.

<2>Before/since

Before

A表示“还未……就……,不到……就……”

Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.

Bbefore从句中,谓语不用否定

Beforetheyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.

Citwillbe+一段时间+before“还要多久才……”

还得再过半年我才能回来。

过不了多久我们就会再见面了。

阅读:

Weshouldtakestepstoconserveendangeredanimalsbeforeitistoolate.

Since

引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。

IhavebeeninBeijingsinceyouleft.

常用句型:

itis+时间段+since+从句

Itisthreeyearssincethewarbrokeout.

写作:

我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。

<3>till/until/not...until

肯定句:

主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,主从句都是肯定,意味:

某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止。

Heremainedthereuntil/tillshearrived.

Youmaystayhereuntil/tillthetrainstops.

阅读:

Theissueofanimalwelfareshouldbekeptoutofourfocusuntilwesatisfyourownneeds.

否定句:

主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词,从句为肯定,意味:

某动作直到某时间才开始。

Hewon’tgotobedtill/untilshereturns.

Till不可以放在句首,until可以。

写作:

直到你告诉我,我才知道这件事。

阅读:

Untildevelopingcountriescanrealizeself-reliance,theprotectionofbiodiversityisaluxurytothem.

Not...until句型中的强调和倒装

ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.

NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.()

<4>副词:

immediately,directly,instantly=assoonas

刚一见面,我就认出了她。

一按电钮,机器就立即开动起来。

<5>名词:

themoment,theminute,theinstant=assoonas;theday,theyear,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,lasttime

她一到,我就要见她。

我们已经二十年没见了,可是我一见到他就认出他来。

我一见到他就认出他来。

HeleftEuropetheyearWorldWarⅡbrokeout.

Theday(onwhich)hewasinducted,hewasnotfeelingwell.

<6>介词短语:

bythetime/now/then/thistime/nextFriday/theend/3o’clock...到...时候(已经发生),主句谓语多用完成时

Bythetimehearrivedhere,hisbestfriendhadleft.

<7>nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely)…when,一……就……;nosooner,hardly,scarcely引导的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时,than,when引导的句子的谓语动词用一般过去时,并且nosooner,hardly,scarcely提到句首时,应用倒装语序。

Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.

HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.

阅读:

Humanityishardly/scarcelycreatingitsownmassextinctionwhenitbeginstobreaktheecologicalbalance.

Hardly/scarcelydosomeanimalsdieoutwhenhardierspeciesreplacethem.

Nosoonerdochildrenraiseapetthantheydevelopacaringmind.

2.原因状语从句:

常用引导词:

特殊引导词:

<1>Because/since/as

Because

表示直接原因,语气最强。

Heisdisappointedbecausehedidn'tgettheposition.

习惯上不与so连用

正:

Becauseitwasraining,westayedathome./Itwasraining,sowestayedathome.

误:

Becauseitwasraining,sowestayedathome.

阅读:

Becausethetropicalforesthasbeendepictedasecologicallyunfitforlarge-scalehumanoccupation,someenvironmentalistshaveopposeddevelopmentofanykind.

Hollywoodfilmsappealedbecausetheyhadbetterconstructednarratives,theirspecialeffectsweremoreimpressive,andthestarsystemaddedanewdimensiontoscreenacting.

 

Since

引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”),较为正式,语气比because弱。

Sinceyouarefreetoday,youhadbetterhelpmewithmymathematics.

阅读:

Sincetheaimofarchaeologyistheunderstandingofhumankind,itisahumanisticstudy,andsinceitdealswiththehumanpast,itisahistoricaldiscipline.

Sincethenumberofgrammarschoolsinthecountrycouldaccommodateatmostapproximately25percentofthetotalchildpopulationofeleven-plus,somekindofselectionhadtobemade.

As

引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”,语气比since弱,较为正式,位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。

Asitisraining,Iwillnotgoout.

阅读:

Thousandsstarvedastheharvestsfailed,aftersnowinJuneandfrostsinAugust.

<2>nowthat/Considering/Giventhat

Nowthat既然

既然你提及了,我的确是记得。

Considering考虑到

考虑到这件毛衣是手工制作的,价格似乎很合理。

Giventhat考虑到

Giventhatthesecharacteristicshaveanaturalbasis,itisclearthathowapersoniswhenheisbornhasagreatinfluence.

补充:

for引导的是并列句表示原因但并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因,只提供一些辅助性的补充说明,for引导的并列句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。

Hecouldnothaveseenme,forIwasnotthere.他不可能见过我,因为我不在那里。

Heseldomgoesoutnow,forheisveryold.他现在难得出门了,因为他年事已高。

 

 

位置

内涵

语气

能否回答why

强调

because

主句前或后

直接因果关系

Y

Y

As/since

主句前或后

双方都知道

N

N

for

主句前

双方都知道

N

N

3.地点状语从句:

常用引导词:

特殊引导词:

阅读:

Thehumanraceshouldprotectendangeredanimalspecieswherethespeciescanbetakengoodcareof.

Generally,thewildlifeisonthebrinkofdyingoutwherethereareseriouspollutions.

Whereverzoosarelocated,theywillcauseair,waterandsoilpollutionandeventransmitdiseases.

4.目的状语从句

常用引导词:

特殊引导词:

<1>Sothat/Inorderthat

inorderthat位于句子之前或之后,sothat,只能在句中。

Sothat:

阅读:

Zoospreservespeciesfrombecomingextinctsothattheycanbereintroducedintoecosystems.

IprefertoeatathomesothatIcancontrolwhatingredientgointothefood.

Sothat中的that可以省略

Thebestwayforthemtoovercomethisisbygettingthemselvesproperlyinformedsotheyarelessdependentonotherpeople’sadvice.

Inorderthat:

(同Sothat)

Theyarguethatitisnecessarytogetmorewomenontothesecoursesatuniversityinorderthattheymayproceedtodevelopcareersinthosefields.

<2>Lest;incase;forfearthat以防;以免;生怕

我们轻声说话,生怕吵醒了这个婴儿。

5.结果状语从句:

常用引导词:

特殊引导词:

阅读:

Mostanimalexperimentsaredoneonanimalssodifferentfromhumanbeingsthatdatagotfromtheexperimentscannotapplytohumansatall.

Animalactivistsaresuchextremiststhattheydon’tevencareabouthumanwelfare.

Somepeoplewallowinpetstotheextentthattheyneglecttheemotionalneesoftheirfamilymembers.

注意:

1.so/such的区别

So+adj/adv.(增加例子)

Such+n

Somany/much/few/little

Suchalotof/lotsof

2.so/such,位于句首时,主句要倒装。

Socleverastudentwasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.

6.条件状语从句:

条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件句。

常用引导词:

特殊引导词:

<1>If/unless

If

Ifheisnotintheoffice,hemustbeoutforlunch.

阅读:

Justimaginehowhorribletheworldwouldbeifhumansaretheonlycreatureintheworld.

Ibelieveengaginginpaidworkisacceptableiftheconditionsaresafe,thehoursarereasonableandthewagesarefair.

Unless

Youplaytowin,andthegamehaslittlemeaningunlessyoudoyourutmosttowin.

阅读:

Itisfearedthatunlesspollutionreductionmeasuresareabletokeeppacewiththecontinuedpressuresofurbangrowth,airqualityinmanyoftheworld’smajorcitieswilldeterioratebeyondreason.

<2>Suppose(supposing)/Assuming/Provided(providing)/Incase/Aslongas/solongas/Onconditionthat

Suppose(supposing)假如

假如白色的就是黑色的,那么也许你就是对的。

Supposingyouwereleftaloneonadesertedisland,whatwouldyoudo?

Assuming

阅读:

Youcanstretchyourlegsonthespaciousdecks,playgames,swim,meetinterestingpeopleandenjoygoodfood—alwaysassuming,ofcourse,thattheseaiscalm.

Provided(providing)

阅读:

Youareeligibleforastudentloanprovidedyoustartyourcoursebeforeyour50thbirthday.

Apersoncanactuallydoanyjobprovidedthattheygettherightqualificationsforitandworkhardatit.

Incase

万一有什么困难,给我捎个信。

Aslongas/solongas只要

Therewillbeincreasesevenifonlybyhundredthsofasecond,aslongasourtrainingcontinuestoimprove.

Onconditionthat如果,在……条件下

Iwillletyoudriveonconditionthatyouhaveavalidlicense.

注意:

条件从句中的if不能用whether替换。

7.让步状语从句:

常用引导词:

though,althoughevenif,eventhough

特殊引导词:

as(倒装),nomatter…,despite(inspite)ofthefactthat=though,while(whilst)尽管,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever,whereas尽管,whether(or/ornot)不论=nomatterwhether/nomatterif,granted(granting)即使,notwithstanding尽管,muchas尽管非常,forallthat尽管。

Although/Thoughhewasoversixty,hebegantolearnFrench.

Wewillcontinueourpicnicevenif/thoughitrainstomorrow.

Whateverhappens/mayhappen,weshallnotloseheart.

WhileIadmityourgoodpoints,Icanseeyourshortcomings.

阅读:

Whileitistruethattheolfactorypowersofhumansarenothinglikeasfineasthosepossessedbycertainanimals,theyarestillremarkablyacute.

Althoughthewildlifekingdomhasshrunksignificantly,itisridiculoustothinkthatnospaceshouldbeleftforthewildlifeinthenewcentury.

注意:

1)although/though/as

A:

Smartthough/assheis,shedoesn’tstudyhard.

Thoughsheissmart,

Althoughsheissmart

B:

though还可以用作副词,位于句末,表“可是,然而”。

Hesaidhewouldcome;hedidnot,though,

e.g.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.

Childasheis,heknowsalot.

Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,I’llneverchangemymind.

2)nomatterwh-=wh-ever

nomatter不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。

NomatterwhateffortsaredonetosaveendangeredspeciesisofnouseduetotheprincipleofSurvivaloftheFittest.(错)

Whatevereffortsaredonetos

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