状语从句学生版.docx

1、状语从句学生版状语从句一 状语：1.The car stops suddenly.（ ）2. Lily is a pretty smart girl.( )3.You must run very fast.( )二状语从句：The car stops suddenly when I am running.三 分类：四 位置：五分类讲解：1. 时间状语从句常用引导词： 特殊引导词： when/as/while的用法：when引导时间状语从句时，可与短暂性动词连用，也可与延续性动词连用，从句动作发生在主句动作之前。When I entered the classroom, all the stud

2、ents looked up at me curiously.When I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.阅读：When trees are cut down and natural habitats destroyed, we should protect wild animals from dying out.When everyone realizes the risks of deforestation, I am sure that the natural habitats of wildlife w

3、ill be better conserved.It is unnecessary to conduct experiments on animals when there are a lot of alternatives to the experiments.while只能与延续性动词连用Could you look after Robert while I am preparing the report?阅读：While we save endangered species, we are interfering with the evolutionary process.as表示两个动

4、作的同时性，意为“一边，一边”；“随着时间的推移”The children sang as they climbed the mountain.阅读：As human population continues to grow, the effects of pollution on wildlife worsen.As the natural environment shrinks in the face of human expansion, wild animals are left homeless. Before/sinceBeforeA 表示“还未就，不到就” We had sail

5、ed four days and four nights before we saw land.B before 从句中，谓语不用否定 Before they reached the station, the train had gone.C it will be+一段时间+before “还要多久才” 还得再过半年我才能回来。 过不了多久我们就会再见面了。阅读：We should take steps to conserve endangered animals before it is too late.Since 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。I have b

6、een in Beijing since you left.常用句型：it is +时间段+since +从句It is three years since the war broke out.写作：我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 till/until/not.until肯定句：主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主从句都是肯定，意味：某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止。He remained there until/till she arrived.You may stay here until/till the train stops.阅读：The issue of animal welfare sh

7、ould be kept out of our focus until we satisfy our own needs.否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意味：某动作直到某时间才开始。He wont go to bed till/until she returns.Till不可以放在句首，until可以。写作：直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。阅读：Until developing countries can realize self-reliance, the protection of biodiversity is a luxury to them.Not.until句型

8、中的强调和倒装It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. ( ) 副词：immediately, directly, instantly = as soon as刚一见面，我就认出了她。一按电钮，机器就立即开动起来。 名词：the moment, the minute, the instant = as soon as；the day, the year, every time, each time, next time, last

9、 time她一到，我就要见她。我们已经二十年没见了，可是我一见到他就认出他来。我一见到他就认出他来。 He left Europe the year World War broke out.The day (on which) he was inducted,he was not feeling well. 介词短语：by the time/ now/ then/ this time/ next Friday/ the end/ 3 oclock .到.时候（已经发生），主句谓语多用完成时By the time he arrived here, his best friend had left

10、. no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, 一就；no sooner, hardly, scarcely引导的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时，than, when引导的句子的谓语动词用一般过去时,并且no sooner ,hardly, scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.阅读：Humanity is hardly/ scarcely creating its own mass

11、extinction when it begins to break the ecological balance.Hardly/ scarcely do some animals die out when hardier species replace them.No sooner do children raise a pet than they develop a caring mind.2. 原因状语从句：常用引导词： 特殊引导词： Because/ since/as Because 表示直接原因， 语气最强。He is disappointed because he didnt ge

12、t the position.习惯上不与so连用正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.误：Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.阅读：Because the tropical forest has been depicted as ecologically unfit for large-scale human occupation, some environmentalists have opposed deve

13、lopment of any kind. Hollywood films appealed because they had better constructed narratives, their special effects were more impressive, and the star system added a new dimension to screen acting. Since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、 显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)， 较为正式， 语气比because弱。Since you are free today, you had be

14、tter help me with my mathematics.阅读：Since the aim of archaeology is the understanding of humankind, it is a humanistic study, and since it deals with the human past, it is a historical discipline.Since the number of grammar schools in the country could accommodate at most approximately 25 per cent o

15、f the total child population of eleven-plus, some kind of selection had to be made.As引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”， 语气比since弱， 较为正式， 位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。As it is raining, I will not go out.阅读：Thousands starved as the harvests failed, after snow in June and frosts in August. now that/ Considering/ Given that

16、Now that 既然既然你提及了，我的确是记得。Considering 考虑到考虑到这件毛衣是手工制作的， 价格似乎很合理。Given that 考虑到Given that these characteristics have a natural basis, it is clear that how a person is when he is born has a great influence. 补充：for引导的是并列句表示原因但并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因， 只提供一些辅助性的补充说明， for引导的并列句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。He could not h

17、ave seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能见过我， 因为我不在那里。He seldom goes out now,for he is very old. 他现在难得出门了，因为他年事已高。位置 内涵 语气能否回答why强调because主句前或后直接因果关系 强 Y Y As/since 主句前或后双方都知道弱 N Nfor 主句前双方都知道弱 N N3. 地点状语从句：常用引导词：特殊引导词：阅读：The human race should protect endangered animal species where the species can be

18、taken good care of.Generally, the wildlife is on the brink of dying out where there are serious pollutions.Wherever zoos are located, they will cause air, water and soil pollution and even transmit diseases.4. 目的状语从句常用引导词：特殊引导词： So that/In order thatin order that 位于句子之前或之后，so that,只能在句中。So that:阅读：Z

19、oos preserve species from becoming extinct so that they can be reintroduced into ecosystems.I prefer to eat at home so that I can control what ingredient go into the food.So that 中的that 可以省略The best way for them to overcome this is by getting themselves properly informed so they are less dependent o

20、n other peoples advice.In order that:(同So that)They argue that it is necessary to get more women onto these courses at university in order that they may proceed to develop careers in those fields. Lest; in case; for fear that 以防；以免； 生怕我们轻声说话，生怕吵醒了这个婴儿。5. 结果状语从句：常用引导词：特殊引导词：阅读：Most animal experiments

21、 are done on animals so different from human beings that data got from the experiments cannot apply to humans at all.Animal activists are such extremists that they dont even care about human welfare.Some people wallow in pets to the extent that they neglect the emotional nees of their family members

22、.注意：1. so/such的区别So+adj/adv.（增加例子）Such +nSo many/much/few/littleSuch a lot of/lots of2. so/such,位于句首时，主句要倒装。So clever a student was able to work out all the difficult problems.6. 条件状语从句：条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。常用引导词： 特殊引导词： If/unlessIfIf he is not in the office, he mus

23、t be out for lunch.阅读：Just imagine how horrible the world would be if humans are the only creature in the world.I believe engaging in paid work is acceptable if the conditions are safe, the hours are reasonable and the wages are fair.UnlessYou play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you

24、do your utmost to win.阅读：It is feared that unless pollution reduction measures are able to keep pace with the continued pressures of urban growth, air quality in many of the worlds major cities will deteriorate beyond reason. Suppose(supposing)/ Assuming/ Provided (providing)/ In case/ As long as/ s

25、o long as/On condition thatSuppose(supposing) 假如假如白色的就是黑色的，那么也许你就是对的。Supposing you were left alone on a deserted island, what would you do?Assuming 阅读：You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, swim, meet interesting people and enjoy good foodalways assuming, of course, that the se

26、a is calm.Provided (providing)阅读：You are eligible for a student loan provided you start your course before your 50th birthday. A person can actually do any job provided that they get the right qualifications for it and work hard at it. In case万一有什么困难，给我捎个信。As long as/ so long as 只要There will be incr

27、eases even if only by hundredths of a second, as long as our training continues to improve.On condition that如果，在条件下I will let you drive on condition that you have a valid license.注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。7. 让步状语从句：常用引导词：though, although even if, even though特殊引导词：as(倒装)， no matter， despite (in spite)

28、 of the fact that=though , while(whilst)尽管, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever, whereas尽管，whether（or/ or not） 不论= no matter whether/ no matter if, granted(granting)即使，notwithstanding尽管， much as 尽管非常， for all that 尽管。Although / Though he was over sixty, he began to learn French

29、.We will continue our picnic even if / though it rains tomorrow.Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.While I admit your good points, I can see your shortcomings.阅读：While it is true that the olfactory powers of humans are nothing like as fine as those possessed by certain animals,

30、they are still remarkably acute. Although the wildlife kingdom has shrunk significantly, it is ridiculous to think that no space should be left for the wildlife in the new century. 注意：1）although/though/asA: Smart though/as she is, she doesnt study hard.Though she is smart,Although she is smartB: tho

31、ugh还可以用作副词，位于句末，表“可是，然而”。 He said he would come;he did not, though,e.g. Though he is a child, he knows a lot. Child as he is, he knows a lot. Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, Ill never change my mind.2）no matter wh- = wh-everno matter不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。No matter what efforts are done to save endangered species is of no use due to the principle of Survival of the Fittest. (错)Whatever efforts are done to s