英语六级快速阅读.docx

英语六级快速阅读.docx

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英语六级快速阅读

2010年12月大学英语六级考试全真预测试卷

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

　　Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

　　Pollution:

ALifeandDeathIssue

　　OneofthemainthemesofPlanetunderPressureisthewaymanyoftheEarth'senvironmentalcrisesreinforceoneanother.Pollutionisanobviousexample-wedonothavetheoptionofgrowingfood,orfindingenoughwater,onasqueaky-cleanplanet,butononeincreasinglytarnishedandtrashedbythewaywehaveuseditsofar.

　　Cuttingwasteandclearinguppollutioncostmoney.Yettimeandagainitisthequestforwealththatgeneratesmuchofthemessisthefirstplace.LivinginawaythatislessdamagingtotheEarthisnoteasy,butitisvital,becausepollutionispervasiveandoftenlife-threatening.

　　Air:

theWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）saysthreemillionpeoplearekilledworldwidebyoutdoorairpollutionannuallyfromvehiclesandindustrialemissions,and1.6millionindoorsthroughusingsolidfuel.Mostareinpoorcountries.

　　Water:

diseasescarriedinwaterareresponsiblefor80%ofillnessesanddeathsindevelopingcountries,killingachildeveryeightseconds.Eachyear2.1millionpeoplediefromdiarrhoeal（痢疾的）diseasesassociatedwithpoorwater.

　　Soil:

contaminatedlandisaprobleminindustrializedcountries,whereformerfactoriesandpowerstationscanleavewastelikeheavymetalsinthesoil.Itcanalsooccurindevelopingcountries,sometimesusedfordumpingpesticides.Agriculturecanpollutelandwithpesticides,nitrate-richfertilizersandslurryfromlivestock.Andwhenthecontaminationreachesriversitdamageslifethere,andcanevencreatedeadzonesoffthecoast,asintheGulfofMexico.

　　ChronicProblem

　　Chemicalsareafrequentpollutant.WhenwethinkofchemicalcontaminationitisoftenimagesofeventslikeBhopalthatcometomind.Buttheproblemiswidespread.Onestudysays7～20%ofcancersareattributabletopoorairandpollutioninhomesandworkplaces.TheWHO,concernedaboutchemicalsthatpersistandbuildupinthebody,especiallyintheyoung,sayswemay"beconductingalarge-scaleexperimentwithchildren'shealth".

　　Someman-madechemicals,endocrine（内分泌）disruptorslikephthalates（酞酸盐）andnonylphenol-abreakdownproductofspermicides（杀精子剂）,cosmeticsanddetergents-areblamedforcausingchangesinthegenitalsofsomeanimals.Affectedspeciesincludepolarbears-sonoteventheArcticisimmune.Andthechemicalsclimbthefoodchain,fromfishtomammals,andtous.

　　About70,000chemicalsareonthemarket,witharound1,500newonesappearingannually.Atleast30,000arethoughtnevertohavebeencomprehensivelytestedfortheirpossibleriskstopeople.

　　Atfirstglance,theplasticbucketsstackedinthecorneroftheenvironmentalNGOofficelooklikeanyothers.Butthecontainersareanunlikelyweaponinonepoorcommunity'sfightagainstoilcompanieswhichtheysayareresponsibleforwidespreadill-healthcausedbyyearsofpollution.Thevesselsareusedbyanetworkoflocalvolunteers,knownastheBucketBrigade,togatherairsamplesinneighborhoodsborderingoilrefineries,aspartofacampaigntomonitoranddocumentairpollutionwhichtheybelieveiscomingfromtheplants.

　　InSouthAfrica,asinmanydevelopingandnewlyindustrializedcountries,legislationonairpollutionhasfailedtokeeppacewithmushroomingindustries.Solocalresidents,likemanyinpoorcommunitiesaroundtheglobe,havefacedtheproblemofinvestigatingtheirclaimthatindustriesontheirdoorstepsaremakingthemsick.

　　Trade-off

　　Butthesnagisthatmodernsocietydemandsmanyofthem,andsomeareessentialforsurvival.Sowhileweinvoketheprecautionaryprinciple,whichalwaysrecommendserringonthesideofcaution,wehavetorecognizetherewillbetrade-offstobemade.

　　ThepesticideDDTdoesgreatdamagetowildlifeandcanaffectthehumannervoussystem,butcanalsobeeffectiveagainstmalaria（疟疾）.Wheredoestheprioritylie?

　　Theindustrializedworldhasnotyetcleanedupthemessitcreated,butitisreapingthebenefitsofthepollutionithascaused.Itcanhardlytellthedevelopingcountriesthattheyhavenorighttofollowsuit.

　　Anothercomplicationintacklingpollutionisthatitdoesnotrespectpoliticalfrontiers.ThereisaU.N.conventionontrans-boundaryairpollution,butthatcannotcovereveryproblemthatcanarisebetweenneighbors,orbetweenstateswhichdonotshareaborder.Perhapsthebestexampleisclimatechange-thecountriesoftheworldshareoneatmosphere,andwhatonedoescanaffecteveryone.

　　ForOneandAll.

　　Oneoftheprinciplesthataresupposedtoapplyhereissimple-thepolluterpays.Sometimesitisobviouswhoistoblameandwhomustpaytheprice,butitisnotalwaysstraightforwardtoworkoutjustwhoisthepolluter,orwhethertherestofuswouldbehappytopaythepriceofstoppingthepollution.

　　Onewayofcleaningupafterourselveswouldbetothrowlessaway,designingproductstoberecycledorevenjusttolastlonger.

　　Previousgenerationsworkedontheassumptionthatdiscardingourwastewasaproperwaytogetridofit,soweusedtodumpnuclearmaterialsandotherpotentialhazardsatsea,confidenttheywouldbedispersedinthedepths.

　　Wenowthinkthatistooriskybecause,asoneauthorwrote,"there'snosuchplaceas'away',andthere'snosuchpersonasthe'other'."

　　IrritatingAir

　　Despiterecentimprovements,however,thehealthproblemsarestillthere.A2002medicalstudy,carriedoutbyDurban'sNelsonMandelaSchoolofMedicineandaU.S.university,foundthatanabnormallyhigh52%ofstudentsandteachersataprimaryschoolborderingtheEngenplantsufferedfromasthma（哮喘）.Itfoundthatincreasesinairpollutiontendedtoaggravateasthmasymptomsinchildren.

　　Thepetrolproducersdonotdisputethefindingsbutarguethatresearcherswereunabletoestablishacausallinkbetweenairpollutionandthehighprevalenceofasthmaamongtheschoolpopulation.

　　Forthecommunity,thenextstepistotakelegalaction.But,accordingtointernationallyrecognizedenvironmentalistBobbyPeek,targetingthecompanieswouldbedifficultasitwouldbenear-impossibletoprovethatillnessessufferedwerecausedbypollutioncomingfromaparticularplant.

　　Mr.Peek,whogrewupbeneathEngen'sstacks,saystheactivistsarenowconsideringtakingactionagainsttheauthorities."Wearenowlookingatsuingthegovernmentonconstitutionalgrounds,forfailingtoensureourrighttoprotectionfromaharmfulenvironmentasstipulatedintheconstitution,"hesaid.

　　LegislativeChange

　　Anewbatch（批）ofenvironmentallaws,theNationalAirQualityManagementAct,hasjustbeenpassedbytheSouthAfricanparliamenttoreplaceoutdated1965legislationwithtightercontrolsandtoughersanctions.

　　MartinusvanSchalkwyk,theministerofenvironmentalaffairsandtourism,visitedthesouthDurbanbasinearlierthisyearandsaidthereweremeasuresinplacetoimprovethesituation."Isharetheangerandfrustrationofthiscommunity.Itislongoverdue,"hetoldtheSouthAfricanBroadcastingCorporation.

　　Thelocalauthoritieshavealsoestablisheda"Multi-PointPlan"forthearea.Theysayitisapowerfulmodelfortacklingpollutionandpointstoa40%reductioninsulphurdioxideemissionsinrecentyears.

　　1.AccordingtoWorldHealthOrganization,howmanypeoplearekilledbyoutdoorairpollution?

　　[A]3million

　　[B]2.1million

　　[C]1.6million

　　[D]3.2million

　　2.Landcanbepollutedby________fromagriculture.

　　[A]heavymetals

　　[B]pesticidesandnitrate-poorfertilizers

　　[C]slurryfromlivestock

　　[D]rubbish

　　3.Whatkindofanimalaffectedbyman-madechemicalsisnotreferredinthepassage?

　　[A]Polarbears.

　　[B]Mammals.

　　[C]People.

　　[D]Birds.

　　4.Whatdolocalresidentsclaimfor?

　　[A]Theyaresickbecauseofyearsofpollution.

　　[B]Theyaresickbecauseofindustriesontheirdoorsteps.

　　[C]Theyaresickbecauseofpesticidesfromagriculture.

　　[D]Theyaresickbecauseofairpollution.

　　5.ThepesticideDDTcanbeeffectiveagainst________.

　　[A]malaria

　　[B]wildlife

　　[C]animals

　　[D]humannervoussystem

　　6.ThereisaU.N.conventionthatcancover________.

　　[A]problembetweenneighbors

　　[B]problembetweenstateswhichdonotshareaborder

　　[C]problemsonairpollution

　　[D]trans-boundaryairpollution

　　7.Whatisnotsaidtobeawayofcleaningupafterourselves?

　　[A]Throwlessaway.

　　[B]Designrecycledproducts.

　　[C]Don'tuseitagain.

　　[D]Lastlonger.

　　8.Itfoundthatincreasesinairpollutiontendedto________________________.

　　9.AccordingtoBobbyPeek,targetingthecompanieswouldbedifficultasitwouldbenear-impossibletoprovethatillnessessufferedwerecausedby________________________.

　　10.MartinusvanSchalkwyk,theministerofenvironmentalaffairsandtourism,visitedthesouthDurbanbasinearlierthisyearandsaidthereweremeasuresinplaceto________________________.

　　1.A细节题。

根据题干信息词WorldHealthOrganization定位到第三段Air:

theWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）saysthreemillionpeoplearekilledworldwidebyoutdoorairpollutionannuallyfromvehiclesandindustrialemissions，即：

世界卫生组织公布，全世界每年有3百万人死于室外空气污染，故选A。

　　2.C细节题。

根据题干信息词Landcanbepolluted定位到第五段第三句话Agriculturecanpollutelandwithpesticides,nitrate-richfertilizersandslurryfromlivestock，即：

来自农业的杀