高三英语二轮专题复习题型二 推理判断题 4细节推断题.docx
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高三英语二轮专题复习题型二推理判断题4细节推断题
四、推理判断——细节推断题
(2018·全国Ⅰ,C)
Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.
Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.
Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.
Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):
noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。
文章介绍了世界上语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象。
28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?
A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.
C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected.
[答案] B
[解析] 推理判断题。
根据第一段最后一句可知,一些语言专家认为,一万年前,当世界上只有500万到1000万人时,他们之间可能说12000种语言。
由此可推断,采猎文明时期的语言种类很多。
29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinParagraph2?
A.Complex.B.Advanced.
C.Powerful.D.Modern.
[答案] C
[解析] 词义猜测题。
根据第二段中的“...allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.”可知,人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失,而逐渐被如英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代,这就暗示出这些语言是“占优势的”,故选C项(powerful强大的,有影响力的)。
30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?
A.About6,800.B.About3,400.
C.About2,400.D.About1,200.
[答案] B
[解析] 数字计算题。
根据第三段第一句“Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.”可知,目前世界上大约有6800种语言;再根据该段最后一句“Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.”可知,目前世界上一半的语言的使用人数少于6000,也就是说有大约3400种语言的使用人数少于6000。
31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?
A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.
B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.
C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.
D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.
[答案] C
[解析] 主旨大意题。
文章介绍了语言的种类随着人类社会的发展而逐渐减少这一现象,故选C项。
一、题型解读
细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容,推断具体细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。
一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。
考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解文章的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。
一般题干主要包括六个动词:
infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定,设想)。
该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现:
1.Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthetextthat.
2.Whatcanweinfer/learnfrom...?
3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat.
4.Thepassage/story...indicates/suggests/impliesthat.
二、解题技巧——关键词句细推敲
第一步:
定位细节——根据题干提供的信息,抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。
第二步:
揣摩细节——对原文中的信息进行分析,推理判断,利用逆向思维和正向推理,从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
注意:
1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。
2.切勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。
例如:
【真题感悟】中的28题,根据第一段最后一句“Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.”可知,一些语言专家认为,一万年前,当世界上只有500万到1000万人时,他们之间可能说12000种语言。
由此可推断,采猎文明时期的语言种类很多。
故选B。
A
(2018·山西一模)
FiveweeksagoIhadatotalhipreplacementsurgery(髋关节置换手术).InCanada,wehavegreathealthcaresystem.Thatmeanswegetournewhipsforfree.
MyhiphadbeenhurtingmeforyearsbeforeIwenttothedoctor.Ofcourse,itwasfree.Shereferredmetoasurgeon,buttheearliestappointmentwasin10months.Thatiswhatbeingfreegetsyou.Tenmonthslater,aftersomefreeX-rays,thesurgeontoldmeIneededasurgery,whichwasaboutan18-monthwait,forsomeseniorcitizenshadbeenontheoperationlist.Another18months!
Idraggedmyselfoutofthesurgeon’soffice.
Walkingthroughthehospital,Ithoughtaboutthesituation.Asthe1breadwinnerofalargefamily,Icouldn’twaitthatlong,soIhadtogettothefrontline.IwasfullyawareofwhataCanadianshouldbelike(Canadiansareusuallyconsideredgentleandcaring),butthistimeIreallyneededtofightformyself.Atthatverymoment,intheshopwindowofthehospital,Isawasignwhichread,“VolunteersNeeded.”Suddenly,anideaoccurredtome—Iwouldgetthejob.Fortunately,they2signedmeupimmediatelybecausetheaverageageofthevolunteersatthehospitalwas75.Theyweredesperateforsomeyoungblood.
EveryFridaymorning,Iwasattheshop.Whileseeingthehospital5staff,I’d3casuallyask,“Whatdoyoudo?
”ThenI’dtellthem,“Well,I’mgettingmyhipreplaced—in18months.It’sgoingtobesogreatwhenthepainstops.”Soon,allthestaffgottoknowme.Naturally,inmynextappointment,thesurgeonrecognizedme.Momentslater,Ihadasurgerydatejustweeksaway.
Ihadtosayitwasactuallymyvolunteeringthatgotmetothefrontoftheline.AndI’mnotashamedofit,forIintendtostickwiththevolunteering.Also,evenwhenIcheatedthesystem,Ididitinawaythatbenefitssociety.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。
作者需要做髋关节置换手术,在加拿大这种手术是免费的,但是需要等待很长时间,作者不能等待那么长的时间。
于是她开始做志愿者接触医院的人,最终外科的员工也认识了作者,提前为她做了手术。
作者认为尽管她欺骗了制度,但是她是以一种有益于社会的方式来做的这件事,是一笔公平的交易。
1.Whatcanweinferfromthesecondparagraph?
A.Shefeltratherdisappointed.
B.Shecouldn’twalkbecauseofthepain.
C.Shewastooscaredtohavethesurgery.
D.Shedidn’tbelievewhatthesurgeonsaid.
[答案] A
[解析] 推理判断题。
根据第二段第三句“Shereferredmetoasurgeon,buttheearliestappointmentwasin10months.”和最后两句“Another18months!
Idraggedmyselfoutofthesurgeon’soffice.”可知,作者要免费做髋关节置换手术需要等待很长时间,作者慢吞吞地走出外科门诊。
因此推断她感到非常失望。
故选A。
2.Whydidthewriterdecidetobeavolunteer?
A.Todonatebloodtothehospital.
B.Togethernewhipfreeofcharge.
C.Toreceivesometinygiftsfromothers.
D.Toapproachthedoctorforanearlysurgery.
[答案] D
[解析] 推理判断题。
根据倒数第二段内容可知,作者做志愿活动时,看到医院里的职员就和他们闲谈,告诉他们自己非常希望做髋关节置换手术,很快,所有的员工都认识了她,自然外科的员工也认识了她,数周之后,她就进行了手术。
因此推断作者做志愿者是为了接近医生早做手术。
故选D。
3.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhercheating?
A.Itwasashame.B.Itwasapride.
C.Itwasbeneficial.D.Itwasafair7deal.
[答案] D
[解析] 推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“AndI’mnotashamedofit,forIintendtostickwiththevolunteering.Also,evenwhenIcheatedthesystem,Ididitinawaythatbenefitssociety.”可知,作者并不感到羞愧,因为即使她欺骗了系统,她也是以一种有益于社会的方式来做的这件事。
因此推断作者认为她的欺骗是一笔公平的交易。
故选D。
4.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.HowIGotMyNewHip
B.TheDoctorWhoSavedMyLife
C.HowtoBeaVolunteerinHospital
D.TheProblemofCanadaHealthcareSystem
[答案] A
[解析] 标题归纳题。
纵观全文可知,作者需要做髋关节置换手术,在加拿大这种手术是免费的,但是需要等待很长时间,作者不能等待那么长的时间。
于是她开始做志愿者接触医院的人,最终外科的员工也认识了作者,提前为她做了手术。
作者认为尽管她欺骗了制度,但是她是以一种有益于社会的方式来做的这件事,是一笔公平的交易。
因此推断A项“我如何得到我的新髋关节的”为最佳标题。
故选A。
B
(2018·山东淄博一模)
Recyclingisessentialintoday’sworld.Themostimportantreasonforthisisthathumanprogressandindustryhavemadeitpossibleforpeopletohavelotsofthings,andwhenpeoplehavemanymaterialpossessions,theyareboundtothrowsomeofthemaway.Thiscreatesalotofgarbagewhichinturndestroystheenvironment.
Recyclingisawayforustokeeptheworldcleanas8itemsarebrokendownandusedagain,preventingthelitteringoftheenvironment.Insteadofthrowingallyourgarbageintothetrashcan,youshouldseparatepaper,metal,glass,andplasticintodifferentcontainers.Compostshouldalsoberecycledasthisisexcellentfoodforfarmanimalsandalsomakesforgreatfertilizer(肥料).
Youshouldtrytobuyproductsthathavebeenrecycled.Youcanseeifanitemhasbeenmadefromrecycledmaterialsbyitslabel;ifit’sbeenrecycled,itwillsayso.Also,insteadofalwaysbuyingnewclothes,youcanarrangetohaveaclothing6swapwithyourfriends.Youbringclothesyoudon’twantandpickitemsyouwantfromwhatotherpeoplehavebrought.Notonlydoesthissavetheenvironment,butitalsosavesyourpocketbook.Remember,whatisoneperson’sjunkcanbesomeoneelse’streasure!
Thesayingcanbeappliedtoallsortsofthings:
books,CDs,furniture,etc.Also,tryshoppingatsecond-handstores,becausetheyoftenhavelotsofitemsstillingoodshapeforyoutochoose.
Manycountrieshavemadeiteasyforpeopletorecycle,asalongsidethenormalgarbagetrucks,specialgarbagetruckscomeandpickuprecyclables.However,inmanycountriesaroundtheworldtheresponsibilityisleftuptothe4individualtorecycle.Therefore,itmustbemadeapriority(优先考虑的事)insocietysowecancontinuetomakeourenvironmentlivable.
语篇解读 在当今世界,回收是必不可少的。
本文作者主要就回收提供了几点建议并呼吁每个人都应该对回收负起责任。
5.Whyismorewastebeingmadeintoday’sworld?
A.Peopledisliketheupdateditems.
B.Peopleownabundantbelongings.
C.Peopleintendtoliveasimplelife.
D.Peoplehavemadegreatprogressinindustry.
[答案] B
[解析] 细节理解题。
根据第一段第二句可知,现在人们拥有丰富的物品。
故选B。
6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph3referto?
A.Exchangingclotheswithfriends.
B.Shoppingatsecond-handstores.
C.Throwingawayoldclothes.
D.Pickingupnewitems.
[答案] A
[解析] 词义猜测题。
根据第三段中“Also,insteadofalwaysbuyingnewclo