浙江大学新编大学英语4 第二版 Unit1Unit5 课文原文.docx

浙江大学新编大学英语4 第二版 Unit1Unit5 课文原文.docx

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浙江大学新编大学英语4第二版Unit1Unit5课文原文

XX大学新编大学英语4第二版Unit1-Unit5课文原文

EntertiningHumorWht'sFunny?

DonldM.Huffmn

1Thejoyoflughingtfunny'storyisuniversl,probblysoldslngugeitself.But,whtisitthtmkesstoryorjokefunny?

2sonewhohdenjoyedhumorsinceIfirstrecognizedit,I'vemdenttempttoexplinnddiscusshumorwithstudentsinsuchdiverseculturessLtinmericndChin.I'vedonesomeseriousthinkingboutfunnystories.Ithsbeenlboroflove!

3whyisitthtseverlstudentsinclsswillflloutoftheirchirslughingfterItelljokewhiletherestofthestudentslooksifI'vejustredthewetherreport?

Obviouslysomepeopleremoresensitivetohumorthnothers.nd,werecognizethtsomepeopletelljokesverywellwhileothersstruggletosysomethingfunny.We'vellherdpeoplesy,"Ilikejokes,butIcn'ttellonewell,ndIcnneverrememberthem."Somepeoplehvebettersenseofhumorthnothersjustssomepeoplehvemoremusicltlent,mthemticltlentetc.thnothers.trulyfunnypersonhsjokeforeveryoccsion,ndwhenoneistold,thttriggersnentirestringofjokesfromthtperson'smemorybnk.humorlesspersonisnotlikelytobethemostpopulrpersoningroup.Itisresonbletosythtthetrulyhumorousindividulisnotonlywellliked,butisoftenthefocusofttentioninnygthering.

4Evensomenimlshvesenseofhumor.Mywife'smotheroftenvisitedusforextendedstys.Shenormllydidn'tlikedogs,butshefellinlovewithBlitzenfemleLbwehve,ndthereltionshipwsmutul.Evenwhenyoung,BlitzenwouldteseGrndmbyveryselectivelycrryingoneofherbedroomslippersintothelivingroomwhereGrndmstinherfvorite,comfortblechir.BlitzenprncedjustbeyondtherechofGrndmuntilGrndmwstemptedtoleveherchirtogettheslipperfromBlitzen.WhenGrndmleftherchir,Blitzenwouldquicklyjumpintothechir,flshingherLbsmilefromsprklingbrowneyeswhichclerlysid,"h,Ifooledyougin.

5Typicljokesorhumorousstorieshvethree-prtntomythtisesilyrecognized.FirstistheSETUP（orsetting）,nextistheBODY（orstoryline）,ndtheserefollowedbythePUNCHLINE（nunexpectedorsurpriseending）whichwillmkethejokefunnyifitcontinssomehumor.Usullyllthreeprtsrepresent,ndechmustbeclerlypresented.Ithelpsifthestory/joketellerusesgesturesndlngugewhichrewellknowntotheudience.

6Humor,sformofentertinment,cnbenlyzedinordertodiscoverwhtmkesfunnystoryorjokeseemfunny.Here,forexmple,resomeofthemostcommontypesofhumor.Theyrngefromthemostobvioushumortothemoresubtletypes.

7"SLP-STICK"isthemostobvioushumor.Itslngugeissimple,direct,ndoftenmkesfunofnotherpersonorgroup.Slp-stickwsndisthetechniqueofthestnd-upcomedinndtheclown.It

ppelstollgesndllcultures.NerlyeveryEnglish-spekingcomedininthiscenturyhsusedthefollowingjokeinoneformornother.Onemnsksnother,"WhowsthtldyIswyouwithlstnight?

"Theotherreplies,"Thtwsnoldy,thtwsmywife."Thehumorliesinthefctthtthesecondmnissyingththiswifeisnotldy.Inotherwords,sheisnotrefinedwomn.Thejokeisnolessfunnybecuseitissooftenused.Theudienceknowsindvncewhtwillbesid,becuseitisclssichumor,ndnyudiencevluesitevenmorebecuseofitsfmilirity.

8Chinese"cross-tlk"isspeciltypeofslp-stickinwhichtwoChinesecomedinshumorouslydiscusstopicssuchsbureucrts,fmilyproblems,orotherpersonltopics.Cross-tlkcnbeherdnywherefromsmllvillgestgestothelrgestBeijingthetres,ndtordiondtelevision.ItisclerlytrditionlformofhumorwellunderstoodbyChinesepeople.

9PLYONWORDSisnotsoobvioussslp-stick,butitisfunnybecuseofmisusedormisunderstoodlnguge.MyfvoriteexmpleisthestoryofthreeelderlygentlementrvelingbytrininEnglnd.sthetrinslowedforstopthefirstmnsked,"IsthisWembley?

""No,"sidthesecond,"It'sThursdy.""SomI,"sidthethirdmn."Let'sstopforbeer."Weknowthtolderpeopleoftendonotherthingsclerly,sothemisunderstndingofbothWednesdy（forWembley）ndthirsty（forThursdy）mkenicesetupforthepunchlinedeliveredbythethirdmn.

10ThefmousChinesecrtoonistndhumoristDingCongismsterofwordply.Inoneofhisfunnycrtoons,techersys,"Howcomeyoucompletelycopiedsomebodyelse'shomework?

"Theyoungstudentreplies,"Ididn'tcompletelycopyit.Mynmeonthepgeisdifferent."InnotherclssicDingCongcrtoon,nirrittedfthersks,"Tellme,wht'soneplustwo?

"Thesonsys,"Idon'tknow."Theimptientftherthensys,"Forexmple,you,yourmother,ndIltogetherrehowmny,youidiot?

"Thesonproudlynswers,"Threeidiots."Whetherthesestoriesrecrtoons,jokestoldbyslpstickcomedin,orcross-tlkingtem,theyppeltopeopleeverywheresfunnystoriesbecusetheyhvenoteofrelitytothem,ndtheunexpectedpunchlineisquitefunny.11PUNSreevenmoresubtleformsofwordply.Theyusethetechniqueofsimilrsoundingwordsorlterntivemeningsofthesmeword.Punsrethoughtbysomecriticstobethelowestformofhumor,butIdisgreewiththis.Punsrequiremoresubtlendsophistictedlngugeskillsthnmosthumorforms,buteventheveryyoungcnusethemintheirsimplerforms.Forexmple,the"riddle"ortrickquestionoftenusespuninthesetup,thestoryline,or,moreoften,thepunchline.PunsrethefirsttypeofhumorIlerned,ndtbout5yersofgeIrememberheringthefollowingriddle.Onepersonsks,"Whtisblckndwhite

ndredllover?

"Theotherpersonusullycnnotnswertheriddle,sosys,"Igiveup.Whtisthenswer?

"Theriddlerreplies,"newspper."Thisistheobviousnswerifoneknowstht"red"ispronouncedthesmes"red"inEnglish,butthemeningsreclerlydifferent.

12DOUBLE-ENTENDRES（Frenchfordoublemenings）respecilvritionsofpunsinwhichwordsorphrseshvedoublemenings.Frequentlythetwomeningsreverydifferent,ndoneisquiteproperwhilethesecondisoften,butnotlwys,vulgr.Ilikethesomewhtmildstoryofschooltecherndprinciplofhighschoolwhoreconcernedbecusesomeboysndgirlshvebeenseenkissingontheschoolplyground.Thetechersystothestudents,"TheprinciplndIhvedecidedtostopkissingontheschoolplyground."Heringsomelughter,shesenseshermessgewsnotltogethercler,soshedds,"WhtImentosyisthttherewillbenomorekissinggoingonunderournoses".Thisclrifiction,ofcourse,doesnothingtocorrectthefirststtementndthedoublemeningofthejokebecomesevenmorelughble.

13Someprofessionlhumoriststhinktoomuchoftody'shumorisnotveryintelligentorsophisticted.Theydislikethesuggestiveorvulgrlngugeusedtoofrequently,ndtheyfeelthtmosthumoristsrenotverycretive.Itistruethtsomeoftody'shumorisrthershocking,butIdon'tthinkhumoristobeblmedfortht.Humorislivendwell,nditwillpersistsimplybecusethererefunnythingshppeningeverydy.Somehumorouspeopleseendherthesefunnythingsndrebletomkethemintofunny,entertiningjokesndstories.

Ftlttrction

1The"Queen"ofBritishmurdermysterywritingis,withoutdoubt,gthChristie.lthoughthewriterherselfdiedover20yersgo,her78"Whodunit"novelscontinuetosellinhugenumbers.Theyhvebeentrnsltedintomorethnhundredlngugesndtheyhvesoldovertwobillioncopies.

2TheppelofgthChristie'sbooks,bothinBritinndbrod,isnothrdtounderstnd.Echbookiscleverlyconstructed.Sheuseschrctersthtreesilyrecognizblendherplotsdeveloplmostlikeclockwork.Butmostimportntly,llherstoriessetpuzzleforthereder.

3NerlyllofChristie'sbooksstrtwithmurder,forcingtheredertoskthequestion,"whodunit?

",ndllofthemendwithsolution.Thefunfortherederisinfollowingtheclueshiddeninthestoryndtryingtorechthecorrectsolutionbeforetheuthorrevelsit.Thisformulppelstothestrongestofhumninstinctscuriositynditspopulrityshowsnosignofgoingwy.

4MnyofthemysteriesresolvedbyoneoftheChristie'sregulrinvestigtors,liketheveryconfidentBelgin,HerculePoirot,orthepprentlyhrmlesslittleoldldy,MissMrple.Shelsocretedspecilsettingforherstorieswhichhsbecomesfmilirssomeofherc

hrcters.ItisEnglndbetweenthetwoWorldWrs,whereclose-knitcommunitiesliveinquietvillgesorrichcityfolkssembleforweekendstgrndcountryhouses.

5Thisworldisruledbyrigidsocilhierrchy.Theownersofthecountryhouses,probblymembersoftheristocrcy,retthetop,thenthereretheprofessionlclsses:

doctors,lwyersndbusinessmen.tthebottomrethecommonpeople,whonormllypperinthebookssservnts,cooksndgrdeners.Whenmurderiscommitted,there'snoshortgeofsuspectstobeinvestigted.

6gthChristie'sworldisnotquiterelworld,whichisoneoftheresonswhyherbookshvenotbecomedted.Thisisworldwhichissfendpredictbleuntilmurdershtterspeople'slives.Thecrimemustbesolvedsothtthemurderercnberrested,butlso,sothtclmcnberestored.

7DuringmostofgthChristie'slife,Englndhdthedethpenltyformurder.So,oncethecrimeinherbooksissolvedndthemurdereridentified,thtistheendforhimorher.Thererenolooseendsndtheredercnsleeppecefullyinhisorherbed.

8Intherelworld,ofcourse,thingsdon'thppenquiteliketht.Criminlsgounpunished,peoplerewronglyconvictedndthereremiscrrigesofjustice.Inshort,therelworldisnotsfeplce.Itisforthisresonthtsomnyredersliketoburytheirhedsinnold-fshioneddetectivestorywithsfendpredictbleending.

9ThekindofwhodunitgthChristiewroteiscertinlyold-fshioned.Fewcontemporrycrimewritersreproducingthis