考研英语一真题及答案解析.docx

考研英语一真题及答案解析.docx

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考研英语一真题及答案解析

20XX年考研英语一真题及答案解析

20XX年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版

20XX年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（一）

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Redthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）forechnumberedblnkndmrk,B,CorDontheNSWERSHEET.（10points）

Trustistrickybusiness.Ontheonehnd,it'snecessrycondition1mnyworthwhilethings:

childcre,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhnd,puttingyour2,inthewrongplceoftencrrieshigh3.

4,whydowetrusttll?

Well,becuseitfeelsgood.5peopleplcetheirtrustinnindividulorninstitution,theirbrinsreleseoxytocin,hormonetht6plesurblefeelingsndtriggerstheherdinginstructthtpromptshumnsto7withonenother.Scientistshvefoundthtexposure8thishormoneputsusintrusting9:

InSwissstudy,reserchersspryedoxytocinintothenosesofhlfthesubjects;thosesubjectswereredytolendsignificntlyhighermountsofmoneytostrngersthnweretheir10whoinhledsomethingelse.

11forus,welsohvesixthsensefordishonestythtmy12us.Cndinstudyfoundthtchildrensyoungs14monthscndifferentite13crediblepersonnddishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereech14tondulttesterholdingplsticcontiner.Thetesterwouldsk,“Wht’sinhere?

”beforelookingintothecontiner,smiling,ndexcliming,“Wow!

”

Echsubjectwstheninvitedtolook15.Hlfofthemfoundtoy;theotherhlf16thecontinerwsempty-ndrelizedthetesterhd17them.

mongthechildrenwhohdnotbeentricked,themjoritywere18tocoopertewiththetesterinlerningnewskill,demonstrtingthttheytrustedhisledership.19,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpiredwiththe“20”testerprticiptedinfollow-upctivity.

1.[]on[B]like[C]for[D]from

2.[]fith[B]concern[C]ttention[D]interest

3.[]benefit[B]debt[C]hope[D]price

4.[]Therefore[B]Then[C]Insted[D]gin

5.[]Until[B]Unless[C]lthough[D]When

6.[]selects[B]produces[C]pplies[D]mintins

7.[]consult[B]compete[C]connect[D]compre

8.[]t[B]by[C]of[D]to

9.[]context[B]mood[C]period[D]circle

10.[]counterprts[B]substitutes[C]collegues[D]supporters

11.[]Funny[B]Lucky[C]Odd[D]Ironic

12.[]monitor[B]protect[C]surprise[D]delight

13.[]between[B]within[C]towrd[D]over

14.[]trnsferred[B]dded[C]introduced[D]entrusted

15.[]out[B]bck[C]round[D]inside

16.[]discovered[B]proved[C]insisted[D].remembered

17.[]betryed[B]wronged[C]fooled[D]mocked

18.[]forced[B]willing[C]hesitnt[D]entitled

19.[]Incontrst[B]sresult[C]Onthewhole[D]Forinstnce

20.[]inflexible[B]incpble[C]unrelible[D]unsuitble

SectionIIRedingComprehension

Prt

Directions:

Redthefollowingfourtexts.nswerthequestionsbelowechtextbychoosing,B,CorD.MrkyournswersontheNSWERSHEET.（40points）

Text1

mongthennoyingchllengesfcingthemiddleclssisonethtwillprobblygounmentionedinthenextpresidentilcmpign:

Whthppenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?

Don'tdismissthtpossibilityentirely.bouthlfofU.S.jobsrethighriskofbeingutomted,ccordingtoUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclssdisproportiontelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegrdeningordycredon'tppeltorobots.Butmnymiddle-clssoccuptions-trucking,finncildvice,softwreengineering—hverousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.

Thisisn'ttobelrmist.Optimistspointoutthttechnologicluphevlhsbenefitedworkersinthepst.TheIndustrilRevolutiondidn'tgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplcedbymechnizedlooms,butiteventullyrisedlivingstndrdsndcretedmorejobsthnitdestroyed.

Likewise,utomtionshouldeventullyboostproductivity,stimultedemndbydrivingdownprices,ndfreeworkersfromhrd,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-clssworkersmyneedlotofhelpdjusting.

Thefirststep,sErikBrynjolfssonndndrewMcfeergueinTheSecondMchinege,shouldberethinkingeductionndjobtrining.Curriculums—fromgrmmrschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfctsndmoreoncretivityndcomplexcommuniction.Voctionlschoolsshoulddobetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsndhelpingstudentsworklongsiderobots.Onlineeductioncnsupplementthetrditionlkind.Itcouldmkeextrtriningndinstructionffordble.Professionlstryingtocquirenewskillswillbebletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.

ThechllengeofcopingwithutomtionunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfdingbusinessdynmism:

Strtingnewcompniesmustbemdeesier.Inpreviousersofdrstictechnologiclchnge,entrepreneurssmoothedthetrnsitionbydremingupwystocombinelborndmchines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersndvirtulrelityhven'tbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompniesthtwillinventthem.

Finlly,becuseutomtionthretenstowidenthegpbetweencpitlincomendlborincome,txesndthesfetynetwillhvetoberethought.Txesonlow-wgelborneedtobecut,ndwgesubsidiessuchstheernedincometxcreditshouldbeexpnded:

Thiswouldboostincomes,encourgework,rewrdcompniesforjobcretion,ndreduceinequlity.

Technologywillimprovesocietyinwysbigndsmlloverthenextfewyers,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesndcreersupendedbyutomtion.Destroyingthemchinesthtrecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersdptwillbeindispensble.

21.Whowillbemostthretenedbyutomtion?

[]Ledingpoliticins.

[B]Low-wgelborers.

[C]Robotowners.

[D]Middle-clssworkers.

22.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheuthor’sview?

[]Worriesboututomtionreinfctgroundless.

[B]Optimists'opinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.

[C]Issuesrisingfromutomtionneedtobetckled

[D]Negtiveconsequencesofnewtechcnbevoided

XX:

//.docsj/doc/6f75d283d838376bf1ffc4ffe4733687e21fc35.htmlctioninthegeofutomtionshouldputmoreemphsison

[]cretivepotentil.

[B]job-huntingskills.

[C]individulneeds.

[D]coopertivespirit.

24.Theuthorsuggeststhttxpoliciesbeimedt

[]encourgingthedevelopmentofutomtion.

[B]incresingthereturnoncpitlinvestment.

[C]esingthehostilitybetweenrichndpoor.

[D]preventingtheincomegpfromwidening.

25.Inthistext,theuthorpresentsproblemwith

[]opposingviewsonit.

[B]possiblesolutionstoit.

[C]itslrmingimpcts.

[D]itsmjorvritions.

Text2

newsurveybyHrvrdUniversityfindsmorethntwo-thirdsofyoungmericnsdispproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter.TheimplictionisthtMillennilsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Notpresident’ssocilmedipltform.

Mostmericnsrelyonsocilmeditocheckdilyhedlines.Yetsdistrusthsrisentowrdllmedi,peoplemybestrtingtobeefuptheirmedilitercyskills.Suchtrendisbdlyneeded.Duringthe20XXpresidentilcmpign,nerlyqurterofwebcontentshredbyTwitterusersinthepoliticllycriticlstteofMichignwsfkenews,ccordingtotheUniversityofOxford.ndsurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFcebookusersrrelyornevertrustnewsfromthemedigint.

Youngpeoplewhoredigitlntivesreindeedbecomingmoreskillfultseprtingfctfromfictionincyberspce.KnightFoundtionfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenges14nd24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesndprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especillythosethtreopenboutnybis.“Mnyyoungpeoplessumegretdelofpersonlresponsibilityforeductingthemselvesndctivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded.

Suchctivereserchcnhvenothereffect.20XXsurveyconductedinustrli,Britin,ndtheUnitedSttesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Mdisonfoundthtyoungpeople’srelinceonsocilmediledtogreterpoliticlenggement.

Socilmedillowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimtelyndimmeditelywhilelsopermittingthemtore-shrenewssprojectionoftheirvluesndinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpssinglonginformtion.surveybyBrnreserchgroupfoundthetopresongivenbymericnsforthefkenewsphenomenonis“redererror,”moresothnmde-upstoriesorfctulmistkesinreporting.boutthirdsytheproblemoffkenewsliesin“misinterprettionorexggertionofctulnews”visocilmedi.Inotherwords,thechoicetoshrenewsonsocilmedimybethehertoftheissue.“Thisindictesthereisrelpersonlresponsibilityincounterctingthisproblem,”sysRoxnneStone,editorinchieftBrnGroup.

Sowhenyoungpeoplerecriticlofnover-tweetingpresident,theyrevelmentldisciplineinthinkingskills–ndintheirchoicesonwhentoshreonsocilmedi.

26.ccordingtothePrgrphs1nd2,mnyyoungmericnscstdoubtson

[]thejustifictionofthenews-filteringprctice.

[B]people’spreferenceforsocilmedipltforms.

[C]thedministrtionsbilitytohndleinformtion.

[D]socilmediwsreliblesourceofnews.

27.Thephrse“beerup”（Line2,Pr.2）isclosestinmeningto

[]shrpen

[B]define

[C]bost

[D]shre

28.ccordingtotheknightfoundtionsurvey,youngpeople

[]tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspce.

[B]verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.

[C]hvesstrongsenseofresponsibility.

[D]liketoexchngeviewson“distributedtrust”

29.TheBrnsurveyfoundthtmincuseforthefkenewsproblemis

[]redersoutdtedvlues.

[B]journlists’bisedreporting

[C]reders’misinterprettion

[D]journlists’mde-upstories.

30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[]RiseinCriticlSkillsforShringNewsOnline