英汉翻译基础教程练习答案.docx

英汉翻译基础教程练习答案.docx

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英汉翻译基础教程练习答案

汉英翻译基础教程

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译2

第二章词法翻译的一般技巧4

第三章名词的抽象和具体译法9

第四章动词的翻译11

第五章数词和冠词的翻译12

第六章成语的英译13

第七章修辞格的翻译17

笫八章文化词语的翻译19

第九章汉英句子比较与翻译20

第十章换序和转态译法23

笫十一章断句合句译法25

笫十二章长句的翻译27

第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译29

第十五章风格与翻译30

第十六章语用与翻译32

第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译

第一节翻译中的选义

一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文

1.b2.a3.b4.a

二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配

1．aswarmofbees

abroodofchickens

alitterofpups

2.abevyofbeautifulladies

apackofhounds

ateamofducks

aherdofantelopes

3.unfailingsupport

proactivefiscalpolicy

makeeffectiveuseofoverseasresources

4.makeaphonecall

takeataxi

knitawoolensweater

fetchwater

playbasketball

sprayinsecticide

5.basicwage

capitalconstruction

essentialcommodity

primaryindustry

fundamentalinterest

三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解

1.Thetwoleadersexchangedviewsonbilateralrelationsandissuesofcommonconcern

2.Partymembersshouldlistencarefullytotheopinionsofthegeneralpublic.

3.Theyofferedsomesuggestionsfortherevisionoftheplan.

4.Everyonecomplainedagainstsuchapractice.

5.Theyhadadisputeatthemeeting.

6.Youshouldfollowthedoctor'sadvice.

7.Theyreachedaconsensusonthisissue.

8.Thereisstillsomeunfinishedbusinesstosettle.

9.Wehaveconsultedhimaboutthematter.

10.Pleasegoback.Thereisnothingofyourconcernnow

第二节翻译中的选词

一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。

1.Thatdependsuponcircumstances.

2.Thisstateofaffairsmustbechanged.

3.Howdomattersstandwiththem?

4.Hepresentsallhisbookstothelibrary

5.Ateachershoulddevotehimselftothecauseofeducation.

6.Thecommitteeconsistsof15members.

7.Airismadeupofamixtureofgases.

8.Goinforrigoroustrainingandsetstrict³ömand.

二、翻译下列词组，注意词汇的搭配方式。

1．setsail

2.openquotation

3.thebeginningofspring

4.gointooperation

5．betakenin

6.makeprogress

7.distinguishedguests

8.beonduty

三、翻译下列各句，注意汉语中词汇的词义围。

1.Itrainedcatsanddogs（hard/heavily）threedaysonend（insuccession/running）.

2.Helikestalkingbig（talkinglarge/talkinghorse/talkingtall）/helikessayingbigwords（largewords）.

3.Theyaregivingtheclassroomagood（general/spring/through）clean（ing）.

4.Apersonlikehimisbynomeans（innoway/onnoaccount/never/notabsolutely）rare.

5.Weshouldgoinforindustryinabigwayinaccordancewithyoursuggestion.

6.Ifyoudoitlikethat,you'llbecompletely（gravely/seriously）mistaken（beabsolutelywrong/makeabigmistake/makeamajorblunder/commitaverygrosserror）.

第三节翻译中的多样性

一、翻译下列句子，注意画线词的多样性译法。

1."Itsoundsasifthetwoofyouarealwaysofonemind,”SecondSisterchuckled,"Howwould

itbeifweweretobetrothyoutohim?

"

2.Throughclenchedteethheadded,...

3."Sheboremenogrudge,"repliedXifeng."ItwasBaoyuwhomadehergrindherteethwith

ragejustbeforeshedied."

4.ButafterherinitialfrightXifengputonaboldface."Ifshe'sdead,"sheretorted,"What's

allthefussabout?

"

二、翻译下列句子，注意画线部分的成语。

1.Themoreyouget,themoreyouwant.

2.It’sonlynaturalformantohankerformore.

3.Goodnessknowswhatthey'rebeingsosecretiveabout.

4.She'sbeencreepinginherethelastcoupleofdaysinaverysneakyway.Goodnessknows

whatshe'supto.

5.Whotoldyoutomakesuchafussovernothing?

6.Anythingwilldo;don'tfuss.

7.Ourgrandmaisill;don'tkickupsuchashindy.（口语：

吵架。

争吵，打架）

8.Whenothersheardthistheycommented,“Wethoughtitwassomeonewhomatteredisn'tworthmakingsuchafussabout.”

第二章词法翻译的一般技巧

第一节对等译法

一、翻译下面的句子，注意搭配产生的“假朋友”

1.afaithfulChristian2.alovingparent

3.anobedientchild4.avirtuouswife

5.adutifulhusband6.ahardworkingstudent

7.strongwind8.thickfog

9heavyrain

二、翻译下列句子，注意不顾语境而产生的“假朋友”。

1.Onlywhentheyfindmuchncommonandhopetokeepintouchlateron,willtheyoffertheircards.（注意不要把“投机”翻译成speculative）

2.Anotherexample.ThereadingofChineseclassicsisamustforallChinese.Nevertheless,itwasnotuntilIwasover30thatIcametorealizetheimportanceofself-studyinthematterofclassics.

3.Dearyoungfriends,myadvicetoyouis:

Dophysicalexercisesperseveringly.Thathasnothingtodowithmerry-makingortime-wasting.Goodhealthisthewherewithalforasuccessfullifeandcareer.

三、用对等译法，翻译下列成语。

1.fishintroubledwaters

2.beafterone'sownheart

3.skinandbones

4.touchandgo

5.hitthenailonthehead

6.beheadandshouldersaboveothers

7.turnadeafearto

8.burnone'sboat

9.turnablindeyeto

10.lookforaneedleinabundleofhay

四、用对等译法，翻译下列谚语。

1.Practicemakesperfect.

2.Morehaste,lessspeed.

3.Eastorwest,homeisbest.

4.Allisfishthatcomestothenet.

5.Everythingcomestohimwhowaits

6.Themoonisnotseenwhenthesunshines

7.Lookbeforeyouleap.

8.Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.

第二节增词译法

一、翻译下列句子，注意增补冠词

1.Evenachildcananswerthisquestion.

2.Thisistheheadofourdelegation

3.Heputthepaperasideandturnedontheradio.

4.TheChinesepeopleareindustriousandbrave.

5.Wemusthavefaithinthemasses.

6.ThecompasswasinventedinChina

7.Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.

二、翻译下列句子，注意增补代词。

1.Handinyourexercise-books,please.

2.Ican'texpressmyselfinEnglish.

3.Liberalismmanifestsitselfinvariousways.

4.Don'toverworkyourself.

5.Iwishtoavailmyselfofthisopportunitytoexpressourgratitudetoyou.

三、翻译下列句子，注意增补动词。

1.Theyareinhighspirits.

2.Theybeamedwithjoy.

3.Heisquickofeyeanddeftofhand.

4.Thisarticleiseasytoreadandunderstand

5.Istoodalooffromhim.

四、翻译下列句子，注意增补介词。

l.Thebookisverypopularamongyoungpeople.

2.Sheinquiredaboutyourillness.

3.Themountainisl,000feetabovethesealevel.

4.Shutthedoorafter/whenyougoout.

5.Dinnerwasatoneo'clock.

6.Werejoiceateveryvictoryyouwin.

五、翻译下列句子，注意增补连词。

1.Promotephysicalcultureandbuildupthepeople'shealth

2.Menandwomen,oldandyoung,alljoinedinthebattle.

3.Weworkedneitherforfamenorforpersonalgain.

4.Weshouldstrikewhiletheironishot.

5.IshallstayhereuntilI'vecompletedmystudies.

六、翻译下列句子或短语，从文化角度增补词语。

1.YoumighthavethegeniusofLiBaiorDuFu,whowasagreatpoetintheTangDynastyandthemoralworthofYanHuiorZengShen—bothofthemweredisciplesofConfuciusnoonewouldaskyouradvice.

2.toshowoffone'sproficiencywiththeaxbeforeLuBanthemastercarpenter

3.Jigong,RobinHoodinChina,robbedtherichandhelpedthepoor.

4.letahundredflowersbloom,permittheairingofconflictingviews

5.blackchildren,whoareborninviolationofChina'sone-childpolicy

第三节减词译法

一、翻译下列句子注意省略原文的畴词。

1.Reformandopening-upreversedthestagnationofnationaleconomy

2.Hisrudenessshockedme.

3.Hehasundertaken/takenupthetranslationofLuXun'sworks.

4.Theexportisnotpermittedtoexceeditslimit.

5.ThediscussioncoversSino-USrelations.

6.Inthesummerof1969,theAdministrationpubliclyurgedaneasingoftensionswithChina.

7.Hisarrogancemadeeveryonedislikehim.

8.Nowbirthcontrolbecameapossibility.

9.Chinaiscarryingoutnationwidepollutioncontrolandenvironmentalprotection.

10.Duringthetalk,theirdiscussioncenteredaroundtheprotectionofintellectualpropertiesrights.

11.promotepeacefulreunification

12.Ourimport-exportinthefirsthalfofthisyearhasgoneverywell.

二、翻译下列句子，注意省略原文的重复成分。

1.ThetwosidesheldthatSino-USrelationsshouldbeviewedinaglobalcontextandfroma

perspectiveofthefutureandthe21stcenturyinparticular.

2.Whenproblemsemerge,theycanbeeasilyputright.

3.distance/length/size/height

4.Increasetheawarenessaboutself-reliance,competition,efficiency,anddemocracyandthe

ruleoflaw,aswellasthepioneeringandinnovationspirit.

5.Silence!

Silence!

Unlessweburstout,weshallperishinthissilence.

6.Productiveforcesarethemostdynamicandthemostrevolutionaryfactorsaswellasthe

ultimatedecisiveforceofsocialdevelopment.

7.OurpartymustalwaysrepresentthedevelopmenttrendofChina'sadvancedproductive

forces;theorientationofChina'sadvancedculture,andthefundamentalinterestsofthe

overwhelmingmajorityofpeopleinChina.

三、翻译下列句子，注意省略原文中多余的或空洞的词语。

1.Iwenttheretohavealook.AllIremembernowisthattheguardsattheentrancewereSwiss

soldiersinyellowuniforms.

2.Weneedtoimportadvancedindustrialequipment.

3.Pastexperiencesteachus….

4.Thatisafacade.

5.Wemustadheretotheprincipleofplainlivingandhardstruggle.

6.Wemustcarryforwardandpromotethespiritofpracticality,truth-seekingandcouragein

innovation.

7.Thisshatteredhisillusion.

8.WedemandthatUSgovernmentapologizetoChinaforthisincident.

9.EncouragebothChineseandoverseasinvestmentsinthecentralandwesternregions.

第四节合并译法

一、运用合并译法，翻译下列四字成语或词组。

1.finewords

2.glibtongue

3.exhausted

4.stumbling

5.moveforces

6.burnone'sboat

二.合并译法,翻译下列句子。

1.Wemusthavethisambition.

2.Igotintomyoldragsandmysugar-hogsheadagain,andwasfreeandsatisfied.

3.Eachofthefiveperformancesenjoyedafullhouse,withmanyspectatorshavingtostand.

4.Heisdeterminedtoturnoveranewleaf.

5.Heworkedhardathisstudieseveninearlychildhood.

6.TheChineseonbothsidesoftheTaiwanStraitsareofthesamefleshandblood.

7.Allthestaffuniteinabsolutesincerity.

8.Beforeyoucame,Ididnothingbutidleanddriftintoanythingthatoffereditself.

9.Hesoughtthedistractionofdistance.

第五节转性译法

一、翻译下列句子，注意汉语形容词和剐词的转译。

1.Thereisnodifferenceintheirviews.

2.Wefounddifficultyinsolvingth