考研英语写作二.docx
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考研英语写作二
第二节英语句法特征及句法分析
2.1英语句子的“树型”构造特点
句子有一个基本的主干,主谓一致是基本原则。
所有句义分支都源于这个主干。
句子的复杂化不影响这个基本主干。
2.2英语句子的结构模式
句前状语+前置定语(主语)+后置定语+状语(谓语)+补语+前置定语(宾语)+后置定语
Recently/currently,manyyoungpeopleofthebigcitieshavegraduallyrealizedthevalueofsomethingtotheirgrowth.
Inrecentyears
wehavebuiltmanyhighways
thatconnectthoselonelyvillages.
2.3英语句子的“形合”和汉语句子的“意合”
“形合”是指借助语言形式实现词语或句子的连接。
2.4英语的基本句型
1)SV(主—动)
Thepriceisincreasing.
Intherecentyears,thepriceisincreasingduetothefactthat…
2)SVO(主+动+宾)
Wehavedevelopedgoodlivinghabits.
Inordertoensuregoodhealth,weshoulddevelopgoodlivinghabits.
Enhancingthe…is,inthelongrun,beneficialtothestabilityof…
3)SVC(主+动+主补)(be,become,grow,get,remain)
Weareeagertoturnourdreamsintoreality.
4)SVOO(主+动+间接+直宾)
China’sentryintoWTOhasofferedusmanyopportunities.
Thesocialpracticeoffersusmultipleopportunitiestoapplywhatwehavelearnedfrombookstotherealpractice.
Travelingabroadoffersusagoodchancetohaveabetterunderstandingofthewesterncultures,whichisbeneficialtothefriendshipbetweenthe…and…
5)SVOC(主+动+宾+宾补)
Theextensiveuseoftheinternethasmadeourdailylifemoreconvenientandefficientthaneverbefore,especiallyinthefieldsof…
Weconsideritourdutytodosomething.
2.5简单句的写作原则
1)抓住句子宏观结构;
2)以动词为核心;
3)掌握基本时态,保证主谓一致;
4)熟悉形式主语和形式宾语。
ItishardforustobringtheEV71Virusundercontrol.
WethinkiturgenttotakesomeimmediateactionstobringtheEV71Virusundercontrol.
5)适当使用修饰成分和附加成分
2.6主从复合句
1)大多数英语从句的位置可前可后。
2)英语从句不能单独出现,必须跟相应的主句同时出现。
3)句子的语义中心应该在“主句”上。
例如:
a.Whenyoucometome,Iwillshowyouaroundourcampus.
b.Iwillshowyouaroundourcampuswhenyoucometome.
c.WhenyoucometomeIwillshowyouaroundourcampus.
2.7简单句向复合句的过渡
1)Therearemoreandmorefakecommodities.
2)Somesmallfactoriesorcompanieswanttoearnhugeprofitsbyillegalmeans.
Therearemoreandmorefakecommoditiesbecausesomesmallfactoriesorcompanieswanttoearnhugeprofitsbyillegalmeans.
3)Somepeoplemaintainthattheyshouldfocusonreadingsomebooks.
4)Thesebooksareessentialtotheircareersinthefuture.
a.Somepeoplemaintainthattheyshouldfocusonreadingsomebooksbecausethesebooksareessentialtotheircareersinthefuture.
b.Somepeoplemaintainthattheyshouldfocusonreadingsomebooksthatareessentialtotheircareersinthefuture.
c.Somepeoplemaintainthattheyshouldfocusonreadingsomebooks,whichareessentialtotheircareersinthefuture.
d.Somepeoplemaintainthattheyshouldfocusonreadingsomebooksessentialtotheircareersinthefuture.
Weshouldtrytoacquiresomebasisskillsnecessaryfortheverysurvivalthroughpractice.
2.8从应试写作的角度谈复合句的构造
第一类:
名词性从句(高分作文喜欢用的)
1)主语从句(how,whether,who,when,that)
※Whatweshoulddoistotakeimmediateaction.
Inmyview,whatweshoulddonowistotakeimmediateactiontobringthespreadofthisdiseaseundercontrol.
※Whatwewantisthemutualunderstanding.
※Whatweneedbadlyisconfidence.
Whatweneedbadlyisconfidenceresultingfromachievingsuccess,whichwillencourageustoovercome……
※Whatweshoulddoistowipeoutthepiratedproducts
ThatAisbeneficialtoBhasbeenwidelyaccepted.
2)宾语从句
※Wehaverealizedthatgoodstudyhabitsarecriticaltous.
※Wedonotknowwhichmethodismoreeffectiveineliminatingthepiratedproducts.
※Wewanttoknowhowthesestrangesocialphenomenaoccur
※Somecollegestudentsdonotknowwheretheycangetwhattheywant.
3)表语从句(第二段用)
※Thefirstreasonisthatsomepeopledonotknowhowtosay“No”.
Manypeoplefailedtoachievesuccessintheircareer.Thefirstreasonisthatsomepeopledon’tknowhowtocooperatewithotherswell.Apartfromthispoint,thereisanotherpointwhichdeservesourattention……
※MyproblemishowIcanimprovemywrittenEnglishquickly.
※Ourcurrenttaskisthatsomeeffectivemeasuresmustbetakensoastosolvethisproblem.
4)同位语从句(大作文结尾的第三段的第一句话想方设法用)
※Manypeopleagreeontheideathatpriorityshouldgiventothedevelopmentofeconomy.
※Wecan'tdenyafactthatourearthisshortoffreshwater.
※Therefore,wecanarriveattheconclusionthatblindidolworshipwillaffectthegrowthofteenagersinmanyaspects.
※Thereisindicationthatfreshwaterisdecreasinginmanyplaces.
第三段写法:
Conclusion
Consequently,wecancometotheconclusionthatcooperationandmutualhelpareequallyimportanttoourgrowth.
Measure
Foronething,somerelevantactivitiesshouldbeorganizedsoastoofferthemsomeopportunitiestofosterthesenseofcooperation.
Awareness
Foranother,weshouldbefullyawareofthevalueofcooperationtoourgrowth.
Only
Onlyinthiswaycanweattainourgoalsinmindsassoonaspossible.
第一段:
Depict
See
Caption
Obviously,aim,reveal
第二段:
Confidence
With
Without
Fromallabove...
Besides,example...
A
B
Asaresult,isindispensableto…
Imply,interpret,terms
Theimpliedmeaningofthepictureabovecanbeinterpretedintermsof…
Thecultivationofself-confidence
Cultivate/foster
第二类:
形容词性从句
·1)限制性定语从句(第一段第一句话who)
※Therearemanyriversthathavebeenseriouslypolluted.
※Peoplehavechangedtheirlivingstyleswhichareunfittotheage.
※Thosewhoaregoodatcommunicatingwithothersaremorepopularwiththesociety.
2)非限制性定语从句(第二段which)
※Somestudentshavenogoodstudyhabits,whichhaveaffectedtheirstudies.
※Somepeople,whoarepessimistic,tendtohavenegativeattitudestowardslife.
※TheInternethasbeenextensivelyusedinourlife,whichmakesitpossibleforustoget/haveaccesstoinformationquickly.
3)形容词从句
※Mostpeoplehavebeenawarehowimportantthegoodeducationis.
※Weareastonishedthatsuchphenomenonwouldhappeninahighlycivilizedsociety.
※Weareworriedthatmanypeoplearenotawareoftheshortageoffreshwater.
※Wearesurethatournationwillbecomemoreandmoreprosperousandpowerful.
Wearesurethat…
Weareconvincedthat…
Westronglybelievethat…
Wefirmlybelievethat…
Itcanbepredicatedthat…
第三类:
状语从句
1)时间状语从句(when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,till,since,now,that,once,assoonas)
※Whenwelearnaforeignlanguage,weshouldtrytoknowsomethingaboutitsculturalbackgrounds.
Whenwecomeacrossthedifficultiesinthereallife,weshouldnotloseheart.Instead,wemustfaceallofthemfullofconfidence.
※Somestudentsfinditdifficulttocommunicatewithotherswhentheyareusedtolivingalone.
※Thereisacleardecreaseinfakecommoditiesafterthegovernmenthastakenimmediatemeasures.
※Beforewechoosetodoathing,weshouldmakeinvestigationonthefeasibilityofit.
2)地点状语从句(where/wherever)
※WhereverIamIwillbethinkingofyou.
※Whereverwego,wemustbuildupgoodrelationswithothers.
Whereverwego,wecanseeandfindthepiratedproductsinvariousforms.
3)原因状语从句(as,because,since,nowthat,inthat)
※Youshouldmakeyourdecisionassoonaspossiblebecauseevenacorrectdecisionwillbewrongifyoudecideonitlate.
※IintendtoquitmyworkasasalesmaninthecompanybecauseIthinkthejobdoesn'tmatchmyinitialexpectations.
※Theeducationalsystemisanotherreasonbecausetheexistingeducationalsystemputsgreatemphasisontheuniversitycourseratherthancultivatetheteamwork.
※Sincewehaverealizedtheimportanceofeducation,weshouldputgreatemphasisonit.
4)条件状语从句(if,unless,incase,solongas,sofaras,providedthat)
※Ifwedon'ttakestepstofightagainstthepiracy,themarketswillbefilledwithallkindsofpiratedproducts.
※Everyoneshoulddevelopagoodpersonalityifhewantstosucceedinhiscareer.
※Iftherewerenopower,theworldwouldstopworking.
※Ifwedidn'tprepareusforthecompetition,wewouldbeatalossinthefuture.
※Aslongasourgovernmentisdeterminedtowipeoutthepiratedproducts,itwillbeboundtogetitdone.
※Collegestudentscanachievesuccesssolongastheyworkhard.
5)让步状语从句(although,though,while,evenif,eventhough)不要轻易用
6)目的状语从句(sothat,inorderthat)
※Weshoulddevelopgoodstudyhabitssothatwecanmakeprogressinourstudies.
Weshouldlearntocooperatewithotherssothatwecanwinmoresupportfromourfriends.
Cooperationisessentialtoourfinalsuccess.
Thosewhoknowhowtocooperatewith…
However,therearealwayssomewhorefusetocooperatewithothersinthereallife.Whentheycomeacross…theywillbeatalosswhattodo.
Asaresult,wecanseethatcooperationisbecomingincreasinglyimportantinthesociallife.
※Weshoulddevelopgoodstudyhabitsinorderthatwecanmakegreaterprogressinouracademicstudies.
7)结果状语从句(so…that,such…that)
※Ourearthhasbeensoseriouslypollutedthatitisdifficulttofindoutariverwithoutpollutants.
※Chattingonlineissuchatime-consumingthingthatsomestudentshavenotimetoconcentrateontheirstudies.
8)排除状语从句(whether,whatever,however,wherever,whenever)
※Whetherwelikeitornot,wehavetofaceInternet---anovelthinginourlife.
※Whateverwedo,weshouldconcentrateonitandtrytoaccomplishit.
※Howeverdifficultthetaskis,weshouldstrivetomakeitdone.
※Whereveryougo,youmaybuyorseesomefakeorpiratedproducts.
※Wheneveryougotothestudent'sdorms,youmayseesomeplayingcardsorplayingvideogames.
Wedohopethat…
Wedohopethatthisproblemcanbetackledproperlythroughourconstantefforts.
Idohopethatyoucangrantmeachancetoworkin…
Itis…that…
W