届山西省大同市高三第一次联考英语试题含详细解析.docx

届山西省大同市高三第一次联考英语试题含详细解析.docx

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届山西省大同市高三第一次联考英语试题含详细解析

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2020届山西省大同市高三第一次联考英语试题

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一、阅读理解

Lastyearmarkedthe100thanniversaryoftheendofWorldWarI.Therewereeventsaroundtheworldinmemoryofthosewhodiedintheconflict.WehavepickedoutthreeoftheminEuropeancountries.Let'stakealook.

Belgium

Inapark,thefamousBelgianartistKoenVanmechelenhadanexhibitioncalledComingWorld,RememberMe.Theworkconsistedof600,000individual（个别的）claysculptures,oneforeachpersonkilledduringtheWorldWar.Inthecenteroftheexhibitionwasabigeggmadeofclay,symbolizinganewworld.

UK

InasmalltowncalledAldridge,almost100housesinonestreetwerecoveredwith24,000poppiesandstatuesofsoldiers.Theystoodforthemenfromtheareawhohadbeenkilledinthewar.TheflowerswerechosenbecauseofapoemwrittenbytheCanadiandoctorJohnMcCreain1915.Theymadepeoplethinkoffieldsofblood.

France

TheBritishartistGuyDenningarrivedinLaFeuille,asmalltowninthenorthwestofFrance,tosticklife-sizedrawingsofsoldierswhonevercamebackhome.Armedwithglueandabrush,Denningstuckhisdrawingscarefullyonwalls.Beforelong112men,mainlyyoungadults,werebroughtbacktomind,ifnottolife.

1．WhatdoweknowaboutComingWorld,RememberMe?

A．It'sthenameofanexhibition.B．It'safilmaboutWorldWarI.

C．It'saworkstandingforpeace.D．It'sasculpturemadeofclay.

2．Whywerepoppieschosentosymbolizethedeadsoldiers?

A．TheBritishpeoplepreferredthem.B．Theyshowedthecrueltyofwar.

C．ACanadiandoctorsuggestedthem.D．Thefieldswerefilledwiththem.

3．HowwastheendofWorldWarImarkedinFrance?

A．Amemorialtothedeadsoldierswasbuilt.

B．112woundedsoldiersinthewarwerehelped.

C．Drawingsofsomedeadsoldierswereputup.

D．Youngadultswereencouragedtojointhearmy.

Alongsideairandwater,foodisanecessityforhumanbeingstosurviveandthrive.Butit’salotmorethanthat.AsMarietteDichristinaofScientificAmericanwrote:

“Themostintimate（亲密的）relationshipwewilleverhaveisnotwithanyfellowhumanbeing.Instead,itisbetweenourbodiesandourfood.”

Nowadays,formostpeopleintheworld’swealthiestcountries,foodisahobby,anenthusiasm,andevensomethingfashionable.

TurnontheTVintheUS,UKorFrance,andyou’llfindatleastonechannelfeedingthispopularobsession.

Andmostofusknowatleastonepersonwhothinksofthemselvesasa“foodie”.It’salmostimpossiblenowadaystocheckoursocialmediaappswithoutatleasttwoorthreephotosofdeliciousmealsappearingonourscreen.

Butbehindthefancyrecipesandsocialmediabragging（夸耀）,manyofusforgethowmuchwetakefoodforgranted.ThisiswhyWorldFoodDayisheldeachyear.

TakeKenyaforexample.ThiseastAfricannationhasbeensufferingterribledroughts.Theresultisthatpeoplearebeginningtostarve.Childreninparticulararesuffering,withsomeofthemevendying.

Thismayseemshockingtoknow,especiallyasmanyculturesoutsideofAfricathinkoffoodinacompletelydifferentway.ButevenintheUK,familiesonlowincomesareforcedtousefoodbanks—Europeanorganizationsthathandoutdonatedfoodtothosewhocan’taffordtopayforitthemselves.

SowhatcanwedoonWorldFoodDay?

Onegoodwaytospenditwouldbetofeelhumbleandappreciatewhatwehave.Afterall,foodisessentialforsurvival,butnoteveryoneisasluckyaswearewhenitcomestodinnertime.

4．AccordingtoMarietteDichristina,whathastheclosestrelationshipwithus?

A．Air.B．Water.

C．Food.D．Humanbeings.

5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“foodie”inParagraph4probablymean?

A．Deliciousfood.B．Apersonfondoffood.

C．Asocialmediaapp.D．Aphotoofdeliciousmeals.

6．Whocangethelpfromfoodbanks?

A．PoorpeopleintheUK.B．PoorpeopleinAfrica.

C．StarvingchildreninKenya.D．Peopleinthedrought-stricken.

7．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?

A．TreatFoodasaHobbyB．TimetoAppreciateFood

C．FoodShortageinSomeCountriesD．HowtoSpendWorldFoodDay

Traditionally,robotshavebeenhard,madeofmetalandotherrigidmaterial.ButateamofscientistsatHarvardUniversityintheUShasmanagedtobuildanentirelysoftrobot-onethatdrawsinspirationfromanoctopus（章鱼）.

DescribedinsciencejournalNature,the“Octobot”couldpavethewayformoreeffectiveautonomousrobotsthatcouldbeusedinsearch，rescueandexploration.“TheOctobotisminimalsystemwhichmayserveasafoundationforanewgenerationofcompletelysoft,autonomousrobots”thestudy’sauthorswrote.

Robotsbuiltforprecise,repetitivemovementsinacontrolledenvironmentdon’tdosowellonroughterrains（地形）orinunpredictableconditions.Andtheyaren’tespeciallysafearoundhumans,becausethey’remadeoutofhardandheavypartsthatcouldbepotentiallydangeroustotheirusers.

Soresearchershavebeenworkingonbuildingsoftrobotsfordecades.They’retakeninspirationfromnature,lookingtoanimalsfromjellyfishtocockroaches,whichareoftenmadeupofmoreflexiblematter.

Butcreatingacompletelysoftrobotremainsachallenge.Evenifengineersbuildasilicone（硅酮）body,it’sstillagrandchallengetoconstructflexibleversionsofessentialparts,suchasasourceofpower.

“Althoughsoftroboticsisstillinitsearlystage,itholdsgreatpromiseforseveralapplications,suchassearch-rescueoperationsandexploration,”BarbaraMazzolaiandVirgilioMattolioftheItalianInstituteofTechnology’CenterforMicro-BioRobotics,wroteinacomment.“Softrobotsmightalsoopenupnewapproachestoimprovingwellnessandqualityoflife.”

8．What’sthespecialfeatureof“Octobot”？

A．It’ssoft.B．It’smadeofmetal.

C．It’sverysmall.D．Itlookslikeanoctopus.

9．What’sthedisadvantageoftraditionalrobots?

A．They’rehardtocontrol.B．They’retooheavytomove.

C．Theycan’tpredictconditions.D．Theycan’tbehavewellallthetime.

10．OneofthebiggestchallengesistobuildOctobot’s________.

A．siliconebodyB．complexcomponents

C．precisemovementsD．flexiblepowersource

11．What’sthepossibleapplicationof“Octobot”？

A．Medicalresearch.B．Liferescue.

C．Machineoperation.D．Housecleaning.

What’ssmall,buzzeshereandthereandvisitsflowers?

Ifyousaidbeesorhummingbirds,yougotit.Youwouldn’tbethefirstifyoumixedthetwoup.Nowagroupofresearchersevensayweshouldembraceourhistoryofconsideringthetwotogetherinthesamegroup.Thewayscientistsstudybeescouldhelpthemstudyhummingbirdbehavior,too.

Scientistsfirstcomparedthetwobackinthe1970swhenstudyinghowanimalssearchforfood.Theideaisthatanimalsuseakindofmathtomakechoicesinordertominimizetheworkittakestoearnmaximumrewards.Researchersatthetimefocusedonmovementrules,liketheorderinwhichtheyvisitedflowers,andwhereflowerswerelocatedrelativetoothers.Itwas“almostlikeanalgorithm（算法）”forefficientsearching,saidDavidPritchard,abiologistattheUniversityofSt.AndrewsinScotland.Hummingbirdsandbeeshadsimilarsolutions.

Asthefieldofanimalcognition（认知）appeared,hummingbirdandbeeresearchparted.Neuroscientistsandbehavioralecologistsdevelopedwaystostudybeebehaviorinnaturalisticsettings.Hummingbirdresearcherscomparedhummingbirdstootherbirdsandborrowedmethodsfrompsychologytostudytheirabilitytolearninthelab.Tobefair,hummingbirdsandbeesdiffer.Forexample,hummingbirdshavemoreadvancedeyesandbrainsthanbees.Honeybeesandbumblebeesaresocial;hummingbirdstypicallyaren’t.

Buthowevertheyperceive（感知）orprocessinformation,theybothexperiencesimilarinformation,Dr.Pritchardsaid.Inday-to-daysearchingforfood,forexample,hummingbirdsmayrelyonmoreofabee’s-eyeviewthanabird’s-eyeview.Likeotherbirds,theyrelyonlandmarks,distancesanddirectionstomakemapswhentravellinglongdistances,buttheydon’tusethesecuestofindflowers.Moveaflowerjustaninchorsoawayfromwhereahummingbirdthoughtitwasanditwillhoverovertheflower’soriginallocation.Dr.Pritchardisinvestigatingif,likebees,hummingbirdsengageinviewmatching—hovering,scanningsnapshotsofaplacetoitsmemoryandusingthoseasreferenceslater.

12．Whatisthecenterofresearchonhummingbirdsandbeesinthe1970s?

A．Memory.

B．Movementrules.

C．Rewardcalculating.

D．Informationprocessing.

13．Whichsubject’sresearchmethodswereadoptedtostudythelearningabilityofHummingbirds?

A．Math.

B．Biology.

C．Ecology.

D．Psychology.

14．Howdoresearchersfindoutthathummingbirdsarenotlikebirds?

A．Bysettingthemfree.

B．Bymovingflowers.

C．Bymatchingview.

D．Bymakingmaps.

15．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．HummingbirdsandBees

B．HummingbirdsintheLab

C．NewTrendsinStudyingBees

D．ThinkingofHummingbirdsasBees

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二、完形填空

Inoneofmycollegeclasses,wewererequiredtodoanactofkindness.Myprojectincluded16lunchforanelderlyperson.WhenI17theelderlypersonwiththefoodIcooked,itnever18tomethatitwouldresultinanewfriendshipandthediscoveryofa19.

ThepersonIvisitedwasBill,whowasunableto20much.Anursecameregularlytohelphimmovetoandfromthewheelchairbecausehehasno21.Billsaidhewasdelightedtoseemeanditwasa22forhimtoeatamealwithmebecauseheusuallyeats23.Hesaidthefoodwasgreat,butheenjoyedhaving24evenmorethanthefood.

Billhadhada25lifewhe