初二英语假期阅读.docx

初二英语假期阅读.docx

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初二英语假期阅读

（A）Whatfuelscitysmog?

北京查出雾霾“元凶”（阅读文）

WHAThascausedthesmog（雾霾）inBeijing?

Theanswermightnotbetoosurprisingtoyou–coalburning（烧煤）.

LastmonththeChineseAcademyofSciences（CAS）releasedtheresultsofastudyonPM2.5.Thescientistsfoundthatabout40percentofBeijing’sPM2.5istheresultofcoalburning,frombothlocalandoutsidethecity.

BeijingissurroundedbyHebei,whichhasmanycoal-burningpowerplants（发电站）andsteel（钢铁）factories.AccordingtotheCAS,eachyearBeijingburns23milliontonsofcoalwhileTianjinburnsmorethan70milliontonsandHebeiahuge270milliontons.About20percentofBeijing’spollutantscomefromoutsidethecity.

“Coalburningisaprimarysource（来源）ofsulfuroxide（SO2,二氧化硫）whichistheprimarycauseofPM2.5,”saidWangYuesi,ascientistatCAS.Accordingtothestateairpollutionplan,theJingjinjiarea（Beijing,TianjinandHebei）shouldreduceitsPM2.5levelsby25%by2017.Tomeetthesestandards（标准）,thecoaluseintheareaneedstobegreatlycut.TheCASreportsaysthatcitiesshouldworktogethertosolvetheprobleminsteadofworkingontheirown.

（B）Youdon’twanttobreakrulesatmyschool

你知道英国学校的惩罚制度吗？

EVERYschoolhassomerulesforstudentstofollow.Butwhathappenswhenstudentsbreaktherules?

IntheUK,whenstudentsdon’tbehavewellatschool,theywillbegivenawarning（警告）.Butiftheygoonbehavingbadly–liketalkingovertheteacher–they’llbepunished（惩罚）.Andtherearealotofwaysforstudentstobepunished!

Generallyspeaking,therearefivepunishmentsinUKschools:

detention（课后留校）,isolation（隔离）educationunit（IEU）,supervision（监管）,suspension（停学）andexclusion（开除）.Ifyoureceiveadetention,you’llfindyourselfsittinginaroomwithyourteacherduringbreak,lunchorevenworse,afterschool.Thelongesttimeforadetentionistwohours.Dependingonhownaughtyyou’vebeen,youcangettwodetentionsinoneday!

IfyougetanIEU,you’reisolatedfromotherstudents.Andyouhavetostayinaroomalldaytocompleteyourlessons.SupervisionmeansthatyoucannottakepartinPElessons.Inotherclasses,ateacherwillalwayskeepaneyeonyouwhileyousitatthefrontoftheclass.Itcanmakestudentsveryuncomfortable.Suspensionmeansyoucannotgotoschoolforacertainamountoftime.Themostseriouspunishmentyoucaneverreceiveisexclusion.Youcan’tgototheschoolanymore.You’llhavetofindanotherschooltogotoanditwillbeonyourschoolrecord.Punishmentsareagoodwaytodiscipline（使……守纪律）students.Ifyoudon’twanttogetpunished,behavewell!

1.Howmanywaysarementionedtopunishstudentswhobreaktherules?

A.Four.B.Five.C.Six.D.Seven.

2.Ifastudentissenttoanisolationeducationunit（IEU）,heorshewillstay_____.A.intheteacher’sofficeB.atthefrontoftheclass

C.inaroomalldaybyhimselforherselfD.atschoolafterhometime

3.IntheUK,astudenthastofindanotherschoolifheorshegets_____.

A.adetentionB.anIEUC.asuspensionD.anexclusion

4.Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.RulesinschoolsintheUK.

B.SchoolpunishmentsintheUK.

C.WaystobeagoodstudentintheUK.

D.BadstudentbehaviorintheUK.

（C）女孩为什么比男孩成熟早？

HEY,girls,ifyourboyclassmatesplaynaughtyagain,leavethemalone.Youarefarmoresensible（明白事理的）thanthem,aren’tyou?

Nowthere’ssciencetobackupthistheory.ScientistsfromNewcastleUniversity,UK,andSeoulUniversity,SouthKorea,foundthatthebrainmatures（成熟）earlieringirlsthaninboys.Thisispartlybecauseofthewaychildren’sbrainsare“pruned（删减）”.

Asthebrainmaturesitbeginstocutoutunimportantinformationandfocusesonimportantinformation.Thisprocessiscalled“pruning”.Inordertofigureoutthisprocess,scientistsscanned（扫描）deepinsidethebrainsof121peopleagedbetween4and40.Theyfoundthatpruningbeganmuchearlieringirlsthaninboys.Betweentheageof10and12,agirl’sbrainwillstarttoseealotofactivityasthispruningprocesshappens.Butforboys,thisstartsaroundtheageof15and20.Duringthisprocess,thebrainwillturnoffmemories,soundsorsightsthatappeareveraltimes.Butimportantconnections,likelinking（连结）thesoundofafamiliarperson’svoicetotheirfacearekept.“Thelossofconnectivityduringbraindevelopmentcanhelptoimprovebrainfunction,”scientistSolLimtoldTheDailyTelegraph.

Imagineyouareatapartyandeveryoneistalking.Youcan’tconcentrate（集中）.Butifyouturnoffsomeofthevoices,itiseasiertoheartheothers.Thebrainworksinasimilarway.Ifsomeoftheconnectionsarenotthere,itiseasiertodothework.

Thisnewfindingcouldhelpexplainwhyteenagegirlsseem

Choosethebestanswer:

1.Whatdidthescientistsfind?

A.Boysaremorenaughtythangirls.

B.Girlsaresmarterthanboys.

C.Thebrainmaturesearlieringirlsthaninboys.

D.Children’sbrainsbecomesmallerastheygrowup.

2.“Pruning”isaprocessthat_____.

A.thebrainexperiencesasitmatures

B.makesthebrainonlyrememberimportantthings

C.beginsmuchearlierinboysthaningirls

D.makesagirl’sbrainrememberfeweractivities

3.Duringthepruningprocess,thebrainwillsometimesturnoffthefollowingEXCEPT_____.

A.memoriesB.soundsC.sightsD.importantconnections

4.Whatdoesthepartyexampleshowus?

A.It’sdifficulttoconcentrateataparty.

B.It’stoonoisyforyourbrainataparty.

C.Brainfunctioncanimproveduringconnectivityloss.

D.Teenagegirlsliketoattendpartiesmorethanboys.

（D）Cloze

MrBlacklovedhisdaughterHelenverymuch.Everydayhespentallofhisfreetime

1withher.Onenight,hehadmuchworktodo2couldn’tplaywithhisdaughter.Inordertokeepher3,hefoundamapoftheworldinamagazineandcutitintopieces.Whenhe4home,Helencamerunningtohimandwasreadytoplay.MrBlacksaidhehad5timetoplaynow.Hetoldthegirltoputthepiecesofpaperbacktogethertomakeamapoftheworld,andthentheycouldbothplay.

Abouthalfanhourlater,Helencametoherfatherandsaid:

“Okay,it’sfinished.Canweplaynow?

”MrBlackwassurprised:

“That’s6.Let’sgoandsee.”Andsureenough,therewasthepictureoftheworld,allputtogether,every7initsplace.

“That’ssurprising!

”MrBlacksaid.“8didyoudothat?

”“Itwas9,”Helensaid.“Onthebackofthepagewasapictureofa10.WhenIputthemantogether,thewholeworldfellintoplace.”

1.A.workingB.runningC.playingD.walking

2.A.orB.andC.butD.then

3.A.sleepyB.warmC.freeD.busy

4.A.leftB.gotC.cameD.reached

5.A.noB.enoughC.muchD.some

6.A.rightB.wrongC.possibleD.impossible

7.A.mapB.pictureC.pieceD.page

8.A.HowB.WhyC.WhenD.Where

9.A.hardB.simpleC.difficultD.different

10.A.boyB.girlC.manD.woman

（E）Takearuntoimprovecreativity让思维随身体“越动越活”。

WHATdoyouusuallydoifyou’reunabletothinkofwordswhenwritinganarticle?

Manywritersandartistshavesuggestedthatfreshairoralongwalkcanimprovecreativity.“Takingawalk,takingabath,drawingandlisteningtomusicaregoodwayswhenideasaredryingup,”BritishwriterHilaryManteltoldtheDailyTelegraph.Nowscientistshavefoundoutthattakingpartinregularexercisecanreallyimprovecreativethought.TheynotedthatregularexerciseseemstohaveaconnectioninimprovingdivergentthinkingThesearetwokeypartsofcreative（发散思维）andconvergentthinking（集合思维）.thinking.Theformermeansthinkingofseveralsolutionsforoneproblem,whilethelattermeansthinkingofonesolutiontooneproblem.Toprovethisconnection,scientistsdidtestsonpeople.Someexercisedatleastfourtimesaweekandothersdidn’tregularlyexercise.Forthefirstpartofthetest,theparticipants（参加者）hadtothinkoftheusesofapen,exceptforwriting.Forthenextpart,theparticipantsneededtofindacommonlink（联系）betweenthreewords.Forexample,“long”connectsthewords“time,”“hair”and“stretch（伸展）”.

Scientiststhenfoundthatpeoplewhoexercisedregularlydidbetterthanthosewhodidn’t.“Wethinkthatexercisetrainsyourbraintobecomemoreflexible（灵活的）infindingcreativesolutions,”ProfessorLorenzaColzatoofLeidenUniversityintheNetherlandstoldtheDailyTelegraph.Butthisonlyworksifthebodyisusedtobeingactive.Otherwisealargepartoftheenergyforcreativethinkinggoesintothemovementitself.

1.Whatdidthescientistsfindout?

A.Howtobetterrememberwords.

B.Freshairoralongwalkcanimprovecreativity.

C.Listeningtomusichelpsyoucomeupwithideas.

D.Takingexerciseregularlycanimprovecreativethought.

2.Accordingtoparagraph3,welearnthat_____.

A.convergentthinkingmeansthinkingofseveralsolutionsforoneproblem

B.divergentthinkingmeansthinkingofonesolutiontooneproblem

C.convergentthinkingismoreimportantthandivergentthinking

D.convergentthinkinganddivergentthinkingarepartsofcreativethinking

3.WhichofthefollowingaboutthetestsisTRUE?

A.Alltheparticipantsexercisedregularly.

B.Theparticipantshadtothinkoftheusesofapen.

C.Theparticipantshadtofindalinkbetweentwowords.

D.Thescientistsdidthetestsseveraltimes.

4.AccordingtoProfessorLorenzaColzato,exercise_____.

A.helpsyoubuildupagoodbody

B.trainsyourbodytokeepactive

C.trainsyourbraintobecomemoreflexible

D.helpsyoutobecomesmart

（F）ClassismorefunwithiPads我在美国用iPad上课。

WHENthebellrings,everystudenttakesoutaniPad.Thelightfromthescreensmakestheiryoungfacesprettyandlively.That’swhathapp