智能卡中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

智能卡中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

《智能卡中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《智能卡中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

智能卡中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文资料翻译

英文文献:

SMARTCARDforSMARTCAMPUS

KFUPMCaseStudy

Abstract

Smartcardisthelatestadditionintheworldofinformationtechnology.Thevisionofthesmartcardprogramistoprovideaccesstoservicesthatissecure,fast,friendly,easytouse,flexible,personal,andisaccessiblebytheuserskomanyplaceatanytime.Asmartcardisofthesizeofaconventionalcreditcardwithanembeddedcomputerchipthatstoresandtransactsdatabetweenusersanddevices.Thisdataisassociatedwitheithervalueorinformationorbothandisstoredandprocessedwithinthechipofthecard.Thecarddataistransactedviaacardreaderattachedtoacomputingsystemasaperipheraldevice.Smartcardsareextensivelyusedthroughseveralkeyapplicationslikeeducation,healthcare,banking,entertainment,andtransportation.

1.Introduction

Smartcardisamini-computercapableofstoringandprocessingdata.Although,at-present,theyaremostpopularassingle-functioncashcardsandlong-distancecallingcards,theircapabilitiesrangefromretainingtickets,money,frequentflyermiles,travelpreferences,insuranceinformation,keydemographicdata,linkstoapatient’smedicalrecords,toallowingaccessintoabuilding,loggingontoanetwork,etc.Thepotentialofthesmartcardislimitless.Withtheaddedbonusofthesefunctionsbeingperformedonasinglecard,smartcardshavetheabilitytobecomeindispensabletools.

SmartcardswerefirstintroducedinEuropeacoupleofdecadesagoasastoredvaluetoolforpayphonestoreducetheft[I].Assmartcardsandotherchip-basedcardsadvanced,peoplefoundnewwaystousethem,suchaschargingcardsforcreditpurchasesandforrecordkeepinginplaceofpaper.Smartcardsprovidetamper-proofstorageofuserandaccountidentity.Theyprovideprotectionagainstafullrangeofsecuritythreats,komcarelessstorageofuserpasswordstosophisticatedsystemhacks.Smartcardcanbemulti-functionalthroughtheuseofseveralapplicationsstoredonthecard.Thispaperstartswiththehistoryofsmartcardsanddescribesthedifferenttypesofsmartcardswithcharacteristicsofeachtype.Finally,thepaperwilldetailKFUPMsmartcardsystemasanimportantcasestudyinthefield.

2.TheHistoryofSmartCards

ThefirstplasticpaymentcardforgeneralusewasissuedbytheDinnersClubin1950.Atfirstthecard’sfunctionswerequitesimple[2].Theyinitiallyservedasdatacarriersthatweresecureagainstforgeryandtampering.Generalinformation,suchasthecardissuer’sname,wasprintedonthesurfacewhilepersonaldataelements,suchasthecardholder’snameandthecardnumberwereembossed.Furthermore,manycardsbadasignaturefield.Protectionagainstforgerywasprovidedbyvisualfeatures.Therefore,thesystem’ssecuritydependedcompletelyontheretailstaffacceptingthecards.However,thiswasnotanoverwhelmingproblemduetothecard‘sinitialexclusivity.Therewasapressingneedformachine-readablecardstoreducehandlingcostinadditiontothefactthatcardissuer’slossesduegrewfromyeartoyearduetofraud[2].

Thefirstimprovementconsistedofamagneticstriponthebackofthecard.Thisalloweddigitaldatatobestoredonthecardinamachine-readableformasasupplementtothevisualdata.Additionally,securityisenhancedbytheuseofasecretpersonalidentificationnumber（PIN）thatiscomparedtoareferencenumberstoredinthemagneticstrip[3].

Althoughtheembossedcardwithamagneticstripisstillthemostcommonlyusedtypeofpaymentcard,theysufferfromasevereweaknessinthatdatastoredonthestripcanberead,deletedandrewrittenbyanyonewithaccesstotheappropriateequipment.PINmustbestoredinthehostsysteminasecureenvironment,insteadofonthemagneticstrip.Mostsystemsthatemploymagneticstripcardshaveon-lineconnectionstothesystem’shostcomputerforsecurityreasons.However,thisgeneratesconsiderabledatatransmissioncosts.

Thedevelopmentofthesmartcard,combinedwiththeexpansionofelectronicdataprocessinghascreatedcompletelynewpossibilitiesforsolvingthisproblem.Progressinmicroelectronicsinthe1970’smadeitpossibletointegratedatastorageandarithmeticlogiconasinglesiliconchipmeasuringafewsquaremillimeters[2].TheideasofincorporatingsuchanintegratedcircuitintoanIDcardwascontainedinapatentapplicationfiledinJapanbyKunitakaArimurainJapanconcerning“aplasticcardincorporatingoneormoreintegratedcircuitchipsforthegenerationofdistinguishingsignals”in1970[3].However,thefirstrealprogressinthedevelopmentofsmartcardscamewhenRonalMorenoregisteredhissmartcardpatenton“anindependentelectronicobjectwithmemory”inFrancein1974.

Abreakthroughwasachievedin1984,whentheFrenchtelecommunication