外研社杯全国英语阅读大赛样题75661.docx

外研社杯全国英语阅读大赛样题75661.docx

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外研社杯全国英语阅读大赛样题75661

2016“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题

PartIReadandKnow

InPartI,youwillreadshorttextsofvariouskinds.Readtheinstructionscarefullyandanswerthequestions.（Timeallowed:

22minutes）

Questions1-3（Suggestedcompletiontime:

5minutes）

Directions:

Readthefollowingquotes.Matchthequotesontheleftwiththepeopleontheright.Pleasenotetherearetwoextraoptionsyoudonotneedtouse.

A.JohnLocke

B.Archimedes

C.Aristotle

D.ImmanuelKant

E.SteveJobs

_____1.Givemealeverlongenoughandafulcrumonwhichtoplaceit,andIshallmovetheworld.

_____2.Moralityisnotthedoctrineofhowwemaymakeourselveshappy,buthowwemaymakeourselvesworthyofhappiness.

_____3.Youcan'tconnectthedotslookingforward;youcanonlyconnectthemlookingbackwards.Soyouhavetotrustthatthedotswillsomehowconnectinyourfuture.

Questions4（Suggestedcompletiontime:

2minutes）

Directions:

Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.

Toensurethehighstandardsoffacilitiesweneedtobuildnewwards,laboratoriesandconsultingrooms.Inshort,weneedyourhelpnow.Completethecoupontodayandrestassuredthatyourdonationisgoingtothebestpossiblecause.

4.Whereisthepieceoftexttakenfrom?

A.anadvertisementB.aninstructionbooklet

C.astoryD.anewspaper

Questions5（Suggestedcompletiontime:

2minutes）

Directions:

Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.

Fewcornersoftheworldremainuntaintedbyintrepidtourists,andtheirimpactisoftendevastating.Toofrequentlytheytrampleheedlesslyonfragileenvironments,displacingwildlifeandlocalpopulationsintheirinsatiablequestforunexploredlocations.

5.Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?

A.Thefutureoftourism

B.Theroleoftourism

C.Thepriceoftourism

D.Thebenefitsoftourism

Questions6（Suggestedcompletiontime:

2minutes）

Directions:

Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.

Buyingandsellinganythingisyourfortenow.Ifyouvisitajumbleorcar-bootsaleorthelike,aromanticencounterismorethanprobable!

Newslinkedtothefamilyisbrilliant!

6.Whattypeoftextisthis?

A.Apersonaladvertisement.

B.Apersonalhoroscope.

C.Afriend’sletterofadvice.

D.Awrittenwarning.

Questions7（Suggestedcompletiontime:

2minutes）

Directions:

Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.

Withourtravelagency,theholidayyoubookistheholidayyouget.Ifyouarriveandfindwe’vefailedtoliveuptoourpromises,letusknowwhattheproblemiswithinonedayofyourarrival.We’llspend24hoursdoingeverythingpossibletosorttheproblemout.Intheunlikelyeventthatwecan’tresolveyourproblemandmakeyouhappywithin24hours,we’llflyyouhomeandgiveyourmoneyback.

7.Thetextcouldbestbedescribedas__________.

A.acommitment

B.anappeal

C.awarning

D.avow

Questions8（Suggestedcompletiontime:

2minutes）

Directions:

Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.

Thenewdigitalcamerasaregreatfunandveryeasytouse.Theyletyoureviewyourpicturesthemomentyoutakethem,soyoucanre-shootrightawayifyou’renotsatisfied.Butremember,adigitalcameraisjustacomputerXXXX.It’snotareplacementforyourordinarycamera.

8.Whatisthemeaningofthemissingword（XXXX）inthetext?

A.“somethingthatispoorquality”

B.“anitemthatisnotessential,somethingextra”

C.“somethingexpensivebutgoodvalueformoney”

D.“afashionwhichalwaysremainspopular”

Questions9（Suggestedcompletiontime:

2minutes）

Directions:

Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.

Shehadgonealone,butthechildrenweretogotothestationtomeether.Andlovingthestationastheydid,itwasonlynaturalthattheyshouldbethereagoodhourbeforetherewasanychanceofMother’strainarriving,evenifthetrainwerepunctual,whichwasmostunlikely.

9.Whatcanyousayabouttheirmother’strain?

A.Itwouldprobablybeearly.

B.Itwouldprobablybeontime.

C.Itwouldprobablybelate.

D.Ithadbeencancelled.

Question10（Suggestedcompletiontime:

5minutes）

Directions:

Thebarchartshowsthenumberandproportionofundernourishedpeopleinthedevelopingregions,from1990¬1992to2014¬2016.Answerthequestionaccordingtotheinformationinthechart.

Source:

TheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals（MDG）Report2015

10.ChoosetheINCORRECTdescriptionaboutthechart.

A.Currentestimatessuggestthatnearlyoneinnineindividualsdonothaveenoughtoeatbetween2014and2016.

B.Projectionsindicatethatthe2015MDGtargetisnearlyreached,with12.9percentofundernourishedpopulation.

C.Thesituationnoticeablyimprovedduringtheyears1995-1999,butwentdowninthefirstfiveyearsofthenewmillennium.

D.Theproportionofundernourishedpeopleinthedevelopingregionshasfallenbyalmosthalfsince1990.

PartIIReadandReason

InPartII,youwillreadshorttextsondifferentsubjects.Readtheinstructionscarefullyandanswerthequestionsbasedonlogicalinferenceandreasoning.（Timeallowed:

38minutes）

Question11-12（Suggestedcompletiontime:

10minutes）

Directions:

Readthedefinitionsoftwotypesoflogicalfallacy.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothedefinitions.

PoisoningtheWell

Poisoningthewellisarhetoricaltechniqueandlogicalfallacy whereadverseinformationaboutatargetispreemptivelypresentedtoan audience,withtheintentionofdiscreditingorridiculingeverythingthatthetargetpersonisabouttosay.Itusesthe association ofnegative emotions todistractasubjectfromactual evidence inanargument.

11.Whichofthefollowingprovidesatypicalexampleofpoisoningthewell?

A.That’smystanceonfundingtheeducationsystem,andanyonewhodisagreeswithmehateschildren.

B.Youaresoweird.Thatmeans—weareprettymuchsure—thatyourwholefamilyisweird,too.

C.GodexistsbecausetheBiblesaysso.TheBibleisinspired.Therefore,weknowthatGodexists.

D.Idon’tcarewhatyousay.Wedon’tneedanymorebookshelves.Aslongasthecarpetisclean,wearefine.

FalseDilemma

Afalsedilemmaariseswhenweallowourselvestobeconvincedthatwehavetochoosebetweentwoandonlytwomutuallyexclusiveoptions,whenthatisuntrue.Generally,whenthisrhetoricalstrategyisused,oneoftheoptionsisunacceptableandrepulsive,whiletheotheristheonethemanipulatorwantsustochoose.Whoeversuccumbstothistraphasthusmadeachoicethatisforced,andassuch,oflittlevalue.

12.Whichofthefollowingprovidesatypicalexampleofafalsedilemma?

A.Smokingisharmfultohealth,soyouaresupposedtoquitsmoking.

B.Ifthegovernmentdoesn’treducepublicspending,oureconomywillcollapse.

C.Youmayaswellavoidovereating,orelseyoumightbeobeseinnotime.

D.Youaretheworstoftheclassmates;therefore,whatyousayisincredible.

Questions13（Suggestedcompletiontime:

4minutes）

Directions:

Readthepassageaboutsyllogism.DecidewhetherthereasoningsareValidorInvalidbasedontheprinciplesofsyllogism.

Syllogismisakindoflogicalargumentthatappliesdeductivereasoningtoarriveataconclusionbasedontwoormorepropositionsthatareassertedorassumedtobetrue.Itisperhapstoday’smostcommonlyacceptedformoflogicalreasoninginaptitudetests.Themostcommonlyusedtypeofsyllogismsiselucidatedinafrequentlyusedexample:

Premise1:

Allmenaremortal.

Premise2:

Socratesisaman.

Conclusion:

Socratesismortal.

NowpracticesyllogismsforIQtests.Pleasenotethattheconclusionisbasedonlogicalreasoninganddoesn’tnecessarilyrepresentthe“truth”always.

13.Valid（）;Invalid（）

Premise1:

Allhumanactionisconditionedbycircumstances.

Premise2:

Allhumanactioninvolvesmorality.

Conclusion:

Allthatinvolvesmoralityisconditionedbycircumstances.

Questions14（Suggestedcompletiontime:

4minutes）

Directions:

Readthepassageaboutcontraposition.DecidewhetherthereasoningsareValidorInvalidbasedontheprinciplesofcontraposition.

In logic, contraposition isalawthatsaysthata conditionalstatement is logicallyequivalent toits contrapositive.Thecontrapositiveofthestatementhasitsantecedentandconsequent inverted and flipped.Themostcommonlyusedtypeofcontrapositioniselucidatedinthefollowingexample:

Premise1:

Ifitisraining,thentherearecloudsinthesky.

Premise2:

Therearenocloudsinthesky.

Conclusion:

Itisnotraining.

NowpracticecontrapositionforIQtests.Pleasenotethattheconclusionisbasedonlogicalreasoninganddoesn’tnecessarilyrepresentthe“truth”always.

14.Valid（）;Invalid（）

Premise1:

IfheisnotanAmerican,heisnotfromTexas.

Premise2:

HeisfromTexas.

Conclusion:

HeisanAmerican.

Questions15-17（Suggestedcompletiontime:

6minutes）

Directions:

Readthetextaboutasciencediscovery.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothetext.

ManipulatingMemory

Memoryisnotoriouslymalleable.Ourrecollectionsfadeandtakeonnewmeanings;sometimeswerememberthingsthatneverevenhappened.But15.

Recently,however,scientistshavestartedtograspandtinkerwithmemory’sphysicalbasis.Lastyear,inworkevocativeoffilmssuchas EternalSunshineoftheSpotlessMind andInception,researchersdiscoveredwaystomanipulatespecificmemoriesinmiceusingoptogenetics,apowerfultechniquethatcantriggernervecellsinanimals’brainsbyzappingthemwithbeamsoflaserlight.Inaseriesofexperiments,theyshowedthattheycoulddeleteexistingmemoriesand“incept”falseones.

Thisyear,researcherswentevenfurth