互联网+政务 电子政府外文翻译.docx

互联网+政务 电子政府外文翻译.docx

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互联网+政务电子政府外文翻译

互联网+政务中英文2019

英文

Specialissueoninternetplusgovernment:

Newopportunitiestosolvepublicproblems?

ShuhuaMonicaLiu,YushimKim

Abstract

ThiseditorialopensbyintroducingInternetPlusGovernment,anewgovernmentinitiativeemergingaftertheUSpresidentialelectionin2008.Comparingtothemoredescriptivedefinitionsofe-government,supportersof‘InternetPlusGovernment’emphasizethetransformativeandnormativeaspectofthenewestgenerationofInformationandCommunicationTechnology（ICTs）.Theyarguethatthenewinitiativedesignateshowgovernmentshouldoperateandinturnimplieshowstate-citizenrelationshipsaretransformed.Tounderstandthecoreofthisinitiativeandwhetheritoffersnewopportunitiestosolvepublicproblems,weconductedanalysesofresearcharticlespublishedinthee-governancereabetween2008and2017.OuranalysissuggeststhattheInternetPlusGovernmentinitiativehasenrichedthegovernmentinformationinfrastructure.Thatis,ithasenabledtheaccumulationanduseofhugevolumesofdataforbetterdecisionmaking.Theadvancementofopendata,thewideuseofsocialmedia,andthepotentialofdataanalyticshavealsogeneratedpressuretoaddresschallengingquestionsandissuesine-democracy.However,theanalysisleadsustodeliberateonwhetherInternetPlusGovernmentinitiativesworldwidehaveactuallyachievedtheirgoal.Afterintroducingpapersincludedinthisspecialissue,wepresentchallengestobeaddressedbeforeInternetPlusGovernmentinitiativesrealizetheirpotentialtowardsbetterpublicgovernance.

1. Introduction

AftertheUSpresidentialelectionin2008,manyscholarsandpoliticiansbegantoarguethatnewICTssuchassocialmediaarealreadyplayingatransformativeroleinreshapingcitizens'choicesintheelection（Effingetal.,2011, Vitaketal.,2011, KushinandYamamoto,2010, AGIMO,2010, EuropeanlnteractiveAdvertisingAssociation,2010, Zhangetal.,2010, Obama,2009）.TheysuggestthatthewideuseofthenewgenerationofICTs,includingtheInternetofThings（IoT）,cloudcomputing,bigdata,machinelearningandartificialintelligence（AI）,andthemobileInternet,amongothers,arereshapingthevaluesandpracticesofgovernment,businesses,andsociety（Keane,2016）.Thesenewgovernmentinitiatives,namedInternetPlusGovernment,representsanewmovementclaimingtogivefullplaytoWeb2.0ingovernmentinnovationandsocialdevelopmentinthelastdecade（Li,2016）.Comparingtosomemoredescriptivedefinitionsofe-government,researchersofInternetPlusGovernment“emphasizethetransformativeandnormativeaspectofthenewestgenerationofICTs”（Al-Hakim,2007）.Theyarguethat“thenewinitiativedesignateshowgovernmentshouldoperateandinturnimplieshowstate-citizenrelationshipsandtheactivityofcitizensoughttoconstitute”（Henman,2010a）.

AsInternetPlusGovernmentisbeingimplementedinmanygovernmentsaroundtheworld,newopportunitiesandchallengesemerge.Questionsrelatedtotheuseoftechnologyinnovationstoreshapegovernmentoperationandredefinestate-citizenrelationshipslargelyremaintobeansweredwhenitcomestotheadoption,implementation,diffusionanduseoftheseICTsingovernanceprocess.Supportersoftheinitiativeclaimthattheadoption,implementation,diffusionanduseofthenewestwaveofICTsmayhelpachievethetransformativegoalinredefiningmodelsofgovernmentoperationandstate-citizenrelationships.Investigationsandreflectionsthereforemustbecarriedouttoseewhetherthiswasthecase.

Thisspecialissueonthethemeof“InternetPlusGovernment:

NewOpportunitiestoSolvePublicProblems”in GovernmentInformationQuarterly isdedicatedtothisemergentdirection.Thethemerespondstotheneedfornewknowledgeaboutthewaysinwhichthelatestwaveoftechnologyinnovationsisincreasinglyintegratedwithgovernment,industries,businesses,andsocietyingeneral.Inthisspecialissue,authorsoffivepaperspresentfindingsfromanddeliberationontheirempiricalresearchtohelpbroadenourperspectiveonpossibleopportunitiesandchallengesthatInternetPlusGovernmenteffortsareencounteringglobally.Theauthorscoveredfoure-governanceareasthataredevelopingwiththewideimplementationofWeb2.0:

opendata,governmenttransparency,theuseofsocialmediaingovernment–citizeninteraction,andcyber-securityinsmartcities.SomeoftheworkcontributestounderstandinghowpolicyentrepreneursandlocalleadersshouldpromoteinnovationdiffusioninAustraliaandKorea,othersexploreonhowdatashouldbedisclosedandsharedbygovernmentsinMexicoandtheUSA,yetothersprovideinnovativesolutionstoaddressingcyber-securityissuesinsmartcities.

Expandingfromthearticlesincludedinthisspecialissue,wewanttoinvestigatewhetherInternetPlusGovernmentinitiativeshaveactuallybecomeanewformofe-governanceandredefinedstate-citizenrelationshipsworldwide.Thusweconductedanalysesofresearcharticlespublishedinthee-governanceareabetween2008and2017（Liu,Pan,&Chen,2018）.ThepastdecadeisalsotheperiodwhenInternetPlusGovernmentinitiativeswerewidelypromotedglobally.ThegoaloftheanalysesistodelineatetheprogressofE-governanceinthelasttenyearsbyaddressingthreeresearchquestions（RQ）:

（1）RQ1:

WhattypesofinnovativeICTshavebeenadoptedingovernanceprocesswhilepublicadministrationcontinuedtoevolveinthepastdecade（2008–2017）?

（2）RQ2:

HowdidtheintroductionofnewICTsandtechniquesimpacttheinvestigationoftechnologyadoption,implementation,diffusionanduseindifferentgovernancedomainsafter2008?

（3）RQ3:

Whatareasofe-governancehavebeenimpactedbythenewwaveofinnovativeICTsinthepastdecade?

Thiseditorialproceedsasfollows:

 Section2 describesdetailsofourresearchapproachandanalyticalproceduresemployedinthisarticle.Thefindingsaddressingthethreeresearchquestionswerepresentedin Section3.Thecontributionofthespecialissueisdiscussedin Section4.ConclusionsonwhetherInternetPlusGovernmentrepresentsadifferentformofe-governanceandwhatfurtherstudiesofthisformarerequiredfromtheresearchcommunityispresentedin Section5.

2. Citationdataandanalysis

ResearchersandpoliticianspromotingInternetPlusGovernmentbelievetheseinitiativescaneventuallyredefinemodelsofgovernmentoperationandstate-citizenrelationships（EuropeanCommission,2013, Obama,2009, ZuiderwijkandJanssen,2015）.TodecipherwhetherthetransformativegoalsofInternetPlusGovernmenthasbeenachievedandthusrepresentsthelatestadvancementine-governance,weneedfirsttoreflectontheprogressofe-governanceinthelasttenyears.Thiseditorialfocusesonanalyzingtherefereedjournalarticlesoninteractionsbetweeninnovativetechnologyadoptionandpublicgovernancepublishedinleadingacademicdatabases duringtheperiodof2008–2017.Theideabehindthiswasthatrefereedjournalarticlesnotonlysetqualitystandardsbutalsoprovideafilter,thusestablishingthenatureandscopeoftheideaspresentedtotheacademiccommunityinthelasttenyears.

Thedataanalysisprocesscomprisedfivesteps:

Step1:

Wefirstdownloaded1203articlesthatassessedtechnologyadoption,implementation,diffusionanduseinthegovernanceprocesssince2008frommajorresearchdatabases. Theserepresentedroughlyone-fifthofthearticlespublishedintheelectronicgovernancedomaininthepastdecade.Wefocusoursearchesonrelevantliteratureinmajordatabasesinthefieldofpublicadministration,informationscience,computerscienceandengineering,andelectronicgovernment.Thesedatabasesinclude:

WileyOnlineLibrary–Journals,WebofScienceCoreCollection–SocialSciencesCitationIndex,EBSCO–AcademicSearchPremier,SpringerLinkJournal,andJSTOR.

Step2:

Fiftypaperswererandomlyselectedfromtheliteraturedatabaseforapilotcontentanalysis,targetingfivepapersfromeachyear.EightgraduatestudentsatFudanUniversityattachedclassificationlabelstoresearchideasandpracticeaddressedinthe50papers.Theclassificationlabelsusedwereselectedandadaptedfromthosepreviouslyusedinpublicadministrationresearchby MunozandHernandez（2010） andinformationscienceresearchby Hawkins（2001）.

Apreliminaryclassificationsystemwascreatedintegratinglabelsattachedtoeachofthe50papers.Brainstormingmeetingswereheldtodecideontheaccuracyof21classificationthemesassignedtoeachpaperbeforeanupdatedclassificationsystemwascreated.Duringthisprocess,labelswereintegratedorcollapsedintodifferentclassificationthemes（Cooper&Zmud,1990;KwonandZmud,1987; Zmud&Apple,1992）.Anextensivememobookthatrecordedourdecisioncriteriaandguidedourdecisionsinthepilotcontentanalysiswasalsocreated.Thismemobookwasrefinedanddevelopedwhilemembersoftheresearchteamcontinuedanalyzingallarticles（Lan&Anders,2000）.

Eachofthe360articleswasthenanalyzedseparatelyemployingthenewlycreatedclassificationsystemfollowingthesameprocedureusingconsistent,computer-basedcodingandrecodingtechniques（Lan&Anders,2000）.Anydisagreementsconcerningthedefinitionoftheclassificationthemeswereresolvedwhilethethemeswereupdated.Thisclassificationsystemsummarizedmajorresearchthemesemerginginscholarlyworkandgovernmenttechnologyadoptionanduseoverthepasttenyears（Dawes,2008）.CriticalphasesingovernmentICTadoptionemergedfromthecontentanalysisof360articlesaddressingtheadoptionofICTworldwide.TheevolutionofgovernmentICTadoptionpracticessince2008wasdocumentedsyst