在职工程硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案.docx

在职工程硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案.docx

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在职工程硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案

在职工程硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案

Whatarethespecifictraitsthatwillassistexecutivestoclimbtheladderofsuccess?

Opinionsvarywidely.Givenapproximatelyequalqualificationsandcircumstances,someclaimthesuccessfactorislargelyamatterofluck—beingintherightplaceattherighttime.Othersspeakofanalmostcrazydevotiontowork,combinedwithadegreeofruthlessness.One“expert”maintainsthatit’sundoubtedlyamatterofhowmucheducationyourmotherhad.Tomakeitbig,executivesmustpossessfourbasicskills:

First,drive.Businesssuccesstakesanunusualamountofenergy.Asuccessfulexecutive—almostbydefinition—isastriver.Hewillgettensewhenheisnotstriving.Second,peoplesense.SomesaybeingabletojudgepeopleismoreimportantthanahighIQ.Theskillcanbeinstinctual（本能的）,butinmostcasesitispainstakinglylearned.Third,communicationsability.Differentexecutivesmakethemselvesunderstoodindifferentways.Sometransmitideasbestfacetoface;othersaremastersofthetelephonecall;stillothersarepersuasivewriters.Onewayoranother,theyallcommunicateclearly.Fourth,calmunderpressure.Nobusinessmanwillgetveryfarifhechokesup.1.Somepeopleclaimthatbesideshardwork,thesuccessalsorequires_____.[A]equalqualifications[B]specifictraits[C]mucheducation[D]adegreeofcruelty2.Accordingtothepassage,ahighIQis_____.[A]instinctual[B]painstakinglylearnt[C]inborn[D]moretrivialthanpeoplesense3.Thesuccessfulexecutivesmust_____.[A]transmitideasfacetoface[B]dependontelephones[C]bepersuasivewriters[D]expressthemselvesdistinctly4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

[A]Everybusinessmanpossessesthesefourskills.[B]Whenatriverstopshisdevotiontowork,hewillfeelquiteatease.[C]Thesebasicskillsarenotinstinctualatall.[D]Mother’seducationhasundoubtedeffectonherchild’ssuccess.5.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

[A]Fourskillsforsuccessfulexecutives.[B]Someopinionsaboutthesuccess.[C]Specifictraitsforsuccessfulexecutives.[D]Qualificationsandcircumstancesforclimbingtheladder.参考答案：

DDDDCItisplainthatintheyear2000everyonewillhaveathiselbowseveraltimesmoremechanicalenergythanhehastoday.Therewillbeadvancesinbiologicalknowledgeasfar-reachingasthosethathavebeenmadeinphysics.Weareonlybeginningtolearnthatwecancontrolourbiologicalenvironmentaswellasourphysicalone.Starvationhasbeenpredictedtwicetoagrowingworldpopulation:

byMalthusinabout1800,byCrookesinabout1900.ItwasheadedoffthefirsttimebytakingagriculturetoAmericaandthesecondtimebyusingthenewfertilizers.Intheyear2000,starvationwillbeheadedoffbythecontrolofthediseasesandtheheredity（遗传）ofplantsandanimals—byshapingourownbiologicalenvironment.NowIcomebacktothehauntingthemeofautomation.Themostcommonspeciesinthefactorytodayisthemanwhoworksormindsasimplemachine—theoperator.Bytheyear2000,therepetitivetasksofindustrywillbetakenoverbythemachines,astheheavytasksweretakenoverlongago;andthementaltediumwillgothewayofphysicalexhaustion.Todaywestilldistinguish,evenamongrepetitivejobs,betweentheskilledandtheunskilled;butintheyear2000allrepetitionwillbeunskilled.Wesimplywasteourtimeifweopposethischange;itisasinevitableastheyear2000itself.1.Thearticlewaswrittento_____.[A]warnusoftheimpendingstarvation[B]presentfactsaboutlifeinthenearfuture[C]opposebiologicaladvances[D]warnoftheevilsideofautomation2.Advancesinbiologicalknowledgewere_____.[A]keptpacewithadvancesinphysics[B]beenresponsiblefortheinventionofnewmachines[C]surpassedthoseinphysics[D]laggedbehindthoseinphysics3.Accordingtothepassage,starvation_____.[A]canbepredicted[B]isunavoidable[C]canbeprevented[D]ismainlycausedbypooragriculture4.Repetitivetasksinindustryleadto_____.[A]physicalexhaustion[B]mentalstimulation[C]mentalexhaustion[D]extinction5.Ifthepredictionsofthiswriterarerealized,thedemandfortheunskilledworkersinthetwenty-firstcenturywillbe_____.[A]veryhigh[B]verylow[C]thesameastoday[D]constantlyrising参考答案：

BDCCB　Inthesedaysoftechnologicaltriumphs,itiswelltoremindourselvesfromtimetotimethatlivingmechanismsareoftenincomparablymoreefficientthantheirartificialimitations.Thereisnobetterillustrationofthisideathanthesonarsystemofbats.Ounceforounceandwattforwatt,itisbillionsoftimesmoreefficientandmoresensitivethantheradarsandsonarsdesignedbyman.Ofcourse,thebatshavehadsome50millionyearsofevolutiontorefinetheirsonar.Theirphysiologicalmechanismsforecholocation,basedonallthisaccumulatedexperience,thereforemeritourthoroughstudyandanalysis.Toappreciatetheprecisionofthebats’echolocation,wemustfirstconsiderThedegreeoftheirrelianceuponit.Thankstosonar,aninsect-eatingbatcangetalongperfectlywellwithouteyesight.ThiswasbrilliantlydemonstratedbyanexperimentperformedinthelateeighteenthcenturybytheItaliannaturalistLazureSpallanzani.Hecaughtsomebatsinabelltower,blindedthem,andreleasedthemoutdoors.Fouroftheseblindbatswererecapturedaftertheyhadfoundtheirwaybacktothebelltower,andonexaminingtheirstomachs’contents,Spallanzanifoundthattheyhadbeenabletocaptureandfillthemselveswithflyinginsects.Weknowfromexperimentsthatbatseasilyfindinsectsinthedarkofnight,evenwhentheinsectsemitnosoundthatcanbeheardbyhumanears.Abatwillcatchhundredsofsoft-bodied,silent-flyingmothsinasinglehour.Itwillevendetectandchasepebblestossedintotheair.1.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.[A]livingmechanismsandtheirartificialimitations[B]theremarkablesonarsystemofbats[C]thedeficienciesofman-madesonars[D]theexperimentof“blind-bats”2.Whereofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

[A]Livingmechanismsarealwaysmoreefficientthantheirartificialimitations.[B]Batsrelyontheirsonarsystemaswellaseyesighttoeatinsects.[C]Thesonarsystemofbatshashad50millionyearstoberefined.[D]Peoplehavediscoveredthebats’sonarsystemthousandsofyearsage.3.LazzoroSpallanzanidemonstratedthatabatcangetalongwellwithouteyesightthrough_____.[A]Hecaughtsoembatsandblindedthemandreleasedthem.[B]Fouroftheseblindbatsfoundtheirwayback.[C]Herecapturedthefourreturnedbats.[D]Thestomachs’oftheblindbatsfoundtobefillwithflyinginsects.4.Batsfindinsectsinthedarkofnightwiththehelpof_____.[A]echoes[B]eyesight[C]soundwaves[D]noneoftheabove5Impliedbutnotstated_____.[A]Pebblestossedintotheairmakenosoundthatcanbeheardbyhumanears[B]Abatwillcatchhundredsofmonthsinasinglehour[C]Insect-eatingbatsaretotallyblind[D]Thesonarsystemofbatsisasgoodasman-madesonar参考答案：

BCDDA　Thekindofmusic,song,anddanceapeoplegenerates,withitscharacteristicrhythmandbeat,formsoneofthebestindexesofitsculturalstyle,andinAmerica,thedominantmusicalstylesareblues,swingandjazz.Thelyricstothismusicareoftenfoolishlysentimentalandsometimesnon-sensical,butfrequentlytheyembodyawildandearthyhumor,orasadandtragicstrain.AsdistinguishedfrommostAmericanpopulartunes,Americanhotmusicisnotwrittentobedancedto.Yetthereisaninternalbeatinjazzwhichrelatesdeeplytodance:

themovementsofthebodyinterpretthemusic’sintentbetterthanwordscan.Whenthereisdancing,however,thedancesbreakawayfromaformalpatternand,attheirbat,keepwiththeimprovisation（即兴）ofthemusic.UnlikeearlierAmericanfolkdances,whicharecollective,so-calledballroomdancingisperformedbycouples.Eachcoupleiscomparativelyalone,notbeingwellenoughacquaintedwiththeothercouplesonthedancefloortojointhem.But,intheswingdancing,asthemusicmountsthepartnersseparatetoexecutecomplicatedsolovariationsandthenrejoineachother.Asthemusicapproachesoneofitsclimaxes,thedancerspaythemusiciansthetribute（赞美）ofgatheringaroundtocheerthemon.Inpopulardanceandmusic,Americanscomeclosertoreachinganativeidiomofreligiousfeelingthantheydoinanyotheraspectoftheirlives.1.Themainideaofthepassageisthat_____.[A]populardanceandmusicareanimportantaspectofAmericanlife[B]theAmericanhotmusicisdifferentfrommostAmericanpopulartunes[C]moderndancingisdifferentfromearlierAmericanfolkdances[D]alloftheabove2.ThedifferencebetweenAmericanhotmusicandmostAmericanpopulartunesisthat_____.[A]thelyricstohotmusicarenonsensical[B]mostAmericanpopulartunesarewrittentobedancedto[C]thereisnotinternalbeatinhotmusic[D]hotmusiccannotbeinterpretedbydance3.Accordingtothepassage,theswingdancing_____.[A]collective[B]performedbycouples[C]individualimprovising[D]gatheringaroundthemusician4.Whichistherelationshipbetweenjazzanddance?

[A]Boththemusicandthedancehaveformalpattern.[B]Thedancesalwayskeepthemusictointerpretit.[C]Jazzhasnothingtodowithdance.[D]Jazzcanbeinterpretedbydance,thoughnotsowellasbywords.5.Intheswingdancing,themusicians_____.[A]cheerthedancerson[B]gatheraroundthedancers[C]executecomplicatedvariations[D]weregatheredaroundbythedancers参考答案：

ABCDB　TherewereseveralreasonswhytheIndustrialRevolutionstartedinGreatBritainratherth