附录1 常用的前缀和后缀.docx

附录1 常用的前缀和后缀.docx

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附录1常用的前缀和后缀

附录1常用的前缀和后缀

一、常用前缀

aero-:

concerningtheairofaircraft

plane-aeroplane

space-aerospace

anti-:

against;oppositeof

nuclear-antinuclear

matter-antimatter

war-antiwar

auto-:

oforbyoneself

biography-autobiography

criticism-autocriticism

be-:

totreatasthestatedthing

friend-befriend

little-belittle

bi-:

two;twice;double

lingual-bilingual

cycle-bicycle

bio-:

concerninglivingthings

chemistry-biochemistry

sphere-biosphere

by-,bye-:

lessimportant

produce-by-produce

way-byway

centi-:

hundredthpart

grade-centigrade

meter-centimeter

co-:

together,with

author-coauthor

exist-coexist

col-:

（usedbeforel）together,with

location-collocation

com-:

（usedbeforeb,m,p）together,with

passion-compassion

con-:

together,with

centric-concentric

federation-confederation

contra-:

opposite

diction-contradiction

natural-contranatural

cor-:

（usedbeforer）together,with

relate-correlate

respond-correspond

counter-:

opposite

act-counteract

attack-counterattack

cross-:

across;goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthem

country-crosscountry

breed-crossbreed

de-:

showinganopposite;toremove;toreduce

code-decode

value-devalue

dis-:

not;theoppositeof

advantage-disadvantage

agree-disagree

honest-dishonest

em-:

（usedbeforeb,m,p）tocausetobecome

body-embody

power-empower

en-:

tocausetobecome;tomake

danger-endanger

large-enlarge

ex-:

former（andstillliving）

minister-ex-minister

wife-ex-wife

extra-:

outside;beyond

curricular-extracurricular

ordinary-extraordinary

fore-:

inadvance,before;inoratthefront

arm-forearm

warn-forewarn

il-:

（usedbeforel）not

legal-illegal

literate-illiterate

im-:

（usedbeforeb,m,p）not

moral-immoral

possible-impossible

in-:

not

direct-indirect

sensitive-insensitive

infra-:

belowinarange;beyond

red-infrared

structure-infrastructure

inter-:

between;among

change-interchange

national-international

intra-:

inside,within;into

city-intracity

department-intra-department

ir-:

（usedbeforer）not

regular-irregular

responsible-irresponsible

kilo-:

thousand

gram-kilogram

meter-kilometer

macro-:

large,esp.concerningawholesystemratherthan

particularpartsof

economics-macroeconomics

structure-macrostructure

mal-:

badorbadly

function-malfunction

treat-maltreat

micro-:

extremelysmall

computer-microcomputer

electronics-microelectronics

mid-:

middle

day-midday

night-midnight

mini-:

small;short

bus-minibus

skirt-miniskirt

mis-:

badorbadly;wrongorwrongly

fortune-misfortune

understand-misunderstand

mono-:

one;single

plane-monoplane

tone-monotone

multi-:

morethanone;many

purpose-multipurpose

national-multinational

non-:

not

resident-non（-）resident

sense-nonsense

out-:

outside;beyond

live-outlive

door-outdoor

over-:

toomuch;above;additional

head-overhead

time-overtime

poly-:

many

centric-polycentric

syllabic-polysyllabic

post-:

laterthan;after

graduate-postgraduate

war-postwar

pre-:

before;inadvance

pay-prepay

war-prewar

pro-:

infavorof,supporting

America-pro-America

abortion-pro-abortion

pseudo-:

notreal;false

name-pseudonym

science-pseudoscience

re-:

again;backtotheformerstate

unite-reunite

use-reuse

self-:

bymeansofoneselforitself;of,to,with,for,orin

oneselforitself

employed-self-employed

taught-self-taught

semi-:

half;partly

circle-semicircle

final-semifinal

step-:

notbybirthbutthroughaparentwhohasremarried

mother-stepmother

children-stepchildren

sub-:

under,below;lessimportant;partofthestatedbigger

whole

divide-subdivide

section-subsection

super-:

more,larger,greaterthanusual

market-supermarket

natural-supernatural

tele-:

atoroveralongdistance;byorfortelevision

communication-telecommunication

screen-telescreen

therm（o）-:

concerningheat

chemistry-thermochemistry

meter-thermometer

trans-:

across,onortotheothersideof;between

Atlantic-transatlantic

plant-transplant

tri-:

three;threetimes

angular-triangular

cycle-tricycle

ultra-:

beyond;very,extremely

modern-ultramodern

sound-ultrasound

un-:

not

certain-uncertain

fortunate-unfortunate

under-:

toolittle;below

develop-underdevelop

sea-undersea

uni-:

one,singer

form-uniform

directional-unidirectional

vice-:

nextintherank;below

chairman-vice-chairman

president-vice-president

二、常用后缀

1名词后缀

-ability,-ibility

able-ability

flexible-flexibility

-age

post-postage

short-shortage

-al

arrive-arrival

refuse-refusal

-an,-ian,-arian

library-librarian

music-musician

-ance,-ence

appear-appearance

refer-reference

-ancy,-ency

emerge-emergency

expect-expectancy

-ant,-ent

apply-applicant

correspond-correspondent

-cy

accurate-accuratcy

private-privacy

-dom

king-kingdom

free-freedom

-ee

employ-employee

interview-interviewee

-er,-or,-ar

paint-painter

beg-beggar

-ery

brave-bravery

slave-slavery

-ese

China-Chinese

Japan-Japanese

-ess

actor-actress

waiter-waitress

-ful

hand-handful

spoon-spoonful

-hood

child-childhood

man-manhood

-ics

electron-electronics

linguist-linguistics

-ion,-ition,-ation

collect-collection

observe-observation

-ism

Marx-Marxism

socialist-socialism

-ist

psychiatry-psychiatrist

violin-violinist

-ity,-ty

cruel-cruelty

pure-purity

-ment

move-movement

retire-retirement

-ness

dark-darkness

happy-happiness

-ology

climate-climatology

future-futurology

-ship

friend-friendship

scholar-scholarship

-sion,-ssion

decide-decision

expand-expansion

-th

grow-growth

wide-width

-ure

close-closure

expose-exposure

2动词后缀

-en

deep-deepen

fast-fasten

-ify

class-classify

simple-simplify

-ize,-ise

modern-modernize/modernize

popular-popularize/popularize

3形容词后缀

-able,-ible

suit-suitable

question-questionable

-al

nature-natural

structure-structural

-an,-arian,-ian

suburb-suburban

Canada-Canadian

-ant,-ent

differ-different

please-pleasant

-ary,-ory

advise-advisory

custom-customary

-ate

consider-considerate

fortune-fortunate

-en

gold-golden

wood-wooden

-ese

China-Chinese

Japan-Japanese

-free

care-carefree

duty-duty-free

-ful

care-careful

pain-painful

-ic,-ical

atom-atomic

psychology-psychological

-ish

girl-girlish

child-childish

-ive

create-creative

support-supportive

-less

hope-hopeless

pain-painless

-like

child-childlike

lady-ladylike

-ly

man-manly

month-monthly

-ous,-ious

danger-dangerous

poison-poisonous

-some

tire-tiresome

trouble-troublesome

-ward

down-downward

up-upward

-y

guilt-guilty

noise-noisy

4副词后缀

-ly

easy-easily

heavy-heavily

-ward,-wards

east-eastward（s）

north-northward（s）

-wise

clock-clockwise

other-otherwise