用女性主义批评方法解读《飘》.docx

用女性主义批评方法解读《飘》.docx

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用女性主义批评方法解读《飘》

文学批评课程论文

论文题目：

TheInterpretationof"Gonewiththewind"——withFeministApproaches

用女性主义批评方法解读《飘》

学生姓名:

杜雅妮

学号:

709202220

班级:

英语09-2

TheInterpretationof"Gonewiththewind"——withFeministApproaches

Abstract

GonewiththeWindasonlyworkofAmericanfemalewriterMargaretMitchellfirstpublishedin1936andwonthePulitzerprizeinliteraturein1937.It’snotonlyasuccessfulcommercialnovelbutalsoaclassic.Althoughit’spopularbutitnevergetanyattentionfromliterarycritics.InthehistoryofliteratureGonewiththeWinddoesnotgainmuchreputation,peopleconsideritasaromanticlovestoryandabestseller.ActuallyGonewiththeWindisavaluableworktobeanalyzedwithfeministapproaches.

HereI’dliketoanalyzeGonewiththeWindinto3parts.ThefirstpartwillbeabriefintroductionofthewriterMargaretMitchell.Thesecondpartwillintroductionoffeministapproaches.ThethirdpartIwillanalyzeGonewiththeWindwithfeministapproaches.AndforthelastpartwewillgettheconclusionthatGonewiththeWindnotonlyabookforentertainmentbutalsoamasterpiecetochew.

Keywords:

FeministApproachesGonewiththeWindMargaretMitchell

用女性主义批评方法解读《飘》

内容摘要

《飘》是美国女作家玛格利特米切尔的唯一一部作品，出版于1936年，1937年获得普利策文学奖。

这不仅仅是一部成功商业小说，也是一部经典名著。

尽管这是一部深受欢迎的成功小说但是却从未得到文学评论的重视。

在世界文学史上，《飘》的文学地位并不高。

在人们看来，这不过是一部浪漫的爱情故事、一本成功的畅销小说而已。

实际上《飘》是一部值得用女性主义批评方法去解读的大师之作。

在这里我将用三部分来用女性主义批评方法分析《飘》。

第一部分将会是一个简短的关于作者玛格利特米切尔的简介。

第二部分是介绍女性主义批评方法。

第三部分是利用女性主义批评方法去解析《飘》。

第四部分我们会得到论证，《飘》不光是一部供人消遣娱乐的畅销书，也是一部值得好好品读的大师作品。

关键词：

女性主义批评方法飘玛格利特米切尔

Contents

1.Introduction------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.1IntroductionofMargaretMitchell--------------------------------------------

1.2IntroductionofGonewiththeWind------------------------------------------

2.TheTheoreticalFoundation-----------------------------------------------------

2.1FeministApproaches-----------------------------------------------------------

3.FeministAnalyzeofGonewiththeWind--------------------------------------

3.1ScarlettO’Hara------------------------------------------------------------------

4.Conclusion---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Introduction

GonewiththeWind,firstpublishedin1936,isa romancenovel writtenby MargaretMitchell,whoreceivedthePulitzerPrizeforFiction forthebookin1937.Thestoryissetin ClaytonCounty,Georgia and Atlanta duringthe AmericanCivilWar and Reconstruction,anddepictstheexperiencesof ScarlettO'Hara,thespoileddaughterofawell-to-doplantationowner,whomustuseeverymeansatherdisposaltocomeoutofthepovertyshefindsherselfinafter Sherman'sMarchtotheSea.Thebookisthesourceofthe1939 filmofthesamename.

1.1IntroductionofMargaretMitchell

MargaretMitchellwasaSouthernerandalifelongresidentandnativeof Atlanta,Georgia,whowasbornin1900intoawealthyandpoliticallyprominentfamily.Herfather,EugeneMuseMitchell,wasanattorney,andhermother,MaryIsabel"MayBelle"（or"Maybelle"）Stephens,wasa suffragist.Shehadtwobrothers,RussellStephensMitchell,whodiedininfancyin1894,andAlexanderStephensMitchell,bornin1896.

Mitchell'sfamilyonherfather'ssideweredescendantsofThomasMitchell,originallyof Aberdeenshire,Scotland,whosettledin WilkesCounty,Georgia in1777,andservedinthe AmericanRevolutionaryWar.Hergrandfather,RussellCrawfordMitchell,ofAtlanta,enlistedinthe ConfederateStatesArmy inJuly1861,andwaslaterseverelywoundedatthe BattleofSharpsburg.AftertheCivilWar,hemadealargefortunesupplyinglumbertorapidlybuildingAtlanta.RussellMitchellhadtwelvechildrenfromtwowives;theeldestwasEugene,whograduatedfromthe UniversityofGeorgiaLawSchool.

Mitchell'smaternalgreat-grandfather,PhilipFitzgerald,emigratedfromIreland,andeventuallysettledonaslaveholdingplantationnearJonesboro,Georgia,wherehehadonesonandsevendaughterswithhiswife,Elenor.Mitchell'sgrandparents,marriedin1863,wereAnnieFitzgeraldandJohnStephens,whohadalsoemigratedfromIrelandandwasaCaptainintheConfederateStatesArmy.JohnStephenswasaprosperousrealestatedeveloperaftertheCivilWarandoneofthefoundersofthe GateCityStreetRailroad （1881）,amule-drawn Atlantatrolleysystem.JohnandAnnieStephenshadtwelvechildrentogether;theseventhchildwasMayBelleStephens,whomarriedEugeneMitchell. MayBelleStephenshadstudiedattheBellevueConventinQuebecandcompletedhereducationattheAtlantaFemaleInstitute.

1.1.1Atlanta

In1912,EugeneMitchellbuiltthefamilyhome,awhitecolumnedtwo-storyframehouseontheeastsideofPeachtreeStreetjustnorthofSeventeenthStreetinAtlanta.Pastthenearestneighbor'shousewasforestandbeyonditthe ChattahoocheeRiver.[9] PriortolivingonPeachtreeStreet,theMitchellslivedinatwo-story Victorianhouse onJacksonHill,eastofdowntownAtlanta.JacksonHillwasanold,affluentpartofthecity. AtthebottomofJacksonHillwasanareaofAfricanAmericanhomesandbusinessescalled"Darktown". MargaretMitchellwasborninhergrandmotherAnnieStephens'shouseonCainStreet,justaroundthecornerfromtheMitchells'homeonJacksonStreet.Herchildhoodwasbyallaccountsahappyone.Shewasaprecociouschildandbecameanavidreader.Shelikedtowriteactionstories.HerextendedfamilyandsurroundingsinAtlantaimmersedherinCivilWarlore.

1.1.2Parents

Mitchell'sparentswereinfluentialinherlife;herfatherofferedmorecriticismthanpraise,whichdroveMitchell'sindependence,andhermotherspoketobothherchildrendirectly,givingthemadviceonmattersofdrinkingandsex. OneofMitchell'smostvividmemoriesofhermotherwasawomen'ssuffrage rallyledby CarrieChapmanCatt.Margaretsatonaplatformwearinga Votes-for-Women bannerblowingkissestothegentlemenwhilehermothergaveanimpassionedspeech

1.1.3TheSouth（ofherimagination）

While"theSouth"existsasageographicalregionoftheUnitedStates,itisalsosaidtoexistas"aplaceoftheimagination"ofwriters.Animageof"theSouth"wasfixedinMitchell'simaginationwhenatsixyearsoldhermothertookheronabuggytourthroughruinedplantationsand"Sherman'ssentinels",thebrickandstonechimneysthatremainedafter WilliamTecumsehSherman's"March andtorch"throughGeorgia.Mitchellwouldlaterrecallwhathermotherhadsaidtoher:

Shetalkedabouttheworldthosepeoplehadlivedin,suchasecureworld,andhowithadexplodedbeneaththem.Andshetoldmethatmyworldwasgoingtoexplodeunderme,someday,andGodhelpmeifIdidn'thavesomeweapontomeetthenewworld.

Fromanimaginationcultivatedinheryouth,MargaretMitchell'sdefensiveweaponwouldbecomeherwriting.

MitchellsaidsheheardCivilWarstoriesfromherrelativeswhenshewasgrowingup:

OnSundayafternoonswhenwewentcallingontheoldergenerationofrelatives,thosewhohadbeenactiveintheSixties,Isatonthebonykneesofveteransandthefatslipperylapsofgreatauntsandheardthemtalk.

Onsummervacations,shevisitedhermaternalgreat-aunts,MaryEllen（"Mamie"）FitzgeraldandSarah（"Sis"）Fitzgerald,whostilllivedathergreat-grandparents'plantationhomeinJonesboro.[ Mamie（1840–1926）hadbeentwenty-oneyearsoldandSis（1848–1928）thirteenwhentheCivilWarbegan.

Asachild,shehadaponyandwentridingwithaConfederateveteranandayoungladyof"beau-age". SheplayedonearthenCivilWar-erafortifications.

1.2IntroductionofGonewiththeWind

GonewiththeWindtakesplaceinthesouthernUnitedStatesinthestateofGeorgiaduringtheAmericanCivilWar（1861–1865）andtheReconstructionEra（1865–1877）thatfollowedthewar.Thenovelunfoldsagainstthebackdropofrebellionwhereinsevensouthernstates,Georgiaamongthem,havedeclaredtheirsecessionfromtheUnitedStates（the"Union"）andformedtheConfederateStatesofAmerica（the"Confederacy"）,afterAbrahamLincolnwaselectedpresidentwithnoballotsfromtenSouthernstateswhereslaverywaslegal.Adisputeoverstates'rightshasariseninvolvingenslavedAfricanpeoplewhowerethesourceofmanuallaboroncottonplantationsthroughouttheSouth.ThestoryopensinApril1861atthe"Tara"plantation,whichisownedbyawealthyIrishimmigrantfamily,theO'Haras.ThereaderistoldScarlettO'Hara,thesixteen-year-olddaughterofGeraldandEllenO'Hara,"wasnotbeautiful,but"hadaneffectonmen,especiallywhenshetooknoticeofthem.Itisthedaybeforethemenarecalledtowar,FortSumterhavingbeenfiredontwodaysearlier.

TherearebriefbutvividdescriptionsoftheSouthasitbeganandgrew,withbackgroundsofthemaincharacters:

thestylishandhighbrowFrench,thegentlemanlyEnglish,theforced-to-fleeandlooked-down-uponIrish.MissScarlettlearnsthatoneofhermanybeaux,AshleyWilkes,issoontobeengagedtohiscousin,MelanieHamilton.Sheisstrickenatheart.ThefollowingdayattheWilkeses'barbecueat"TwelveOaks,"ScarlettinformsAshleysheloveshimandAshleyadmitshecaresforher.However,heknowshewouldnotbehappilymarriedtoScarlettbecauseoftheirpersonalitydifferences.ScarlettloseshertemperatAshleyandhesilentlytakesit.

ThenScarlettmeetsRhettButler,amanwhohasareputationasarogue.RhetthadbeenaloneinthelibrarywhenAshleyandScarlettentered,andfeltitwisertonotmakehispresenceknownwhiletheargumenttookplace.RhettapplaudsScarlettfortheunladylikespiritshedisplayedwithAshley.Infuriatedandhumiliated,ScarletttellsRhett,"Youaren