高考试题中有关 历史类 的阅读理解及详解.docx

高考试题中有关 历史类 的阅读理解及详解.docx

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高考试题中有关历史类的阅读理解及详解

第1题（2006年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语陕西卷）

   Forcenturies,theonlyformofwrittencorrespondence（通信）wastheletters,letterswere,andare,sentbysomeformofpostalservice,thehistoryofwhichgoesbackalongway.Indeed,theEgyptiansbegansendinglettersfromabout2000BC,asdidtheChineseathousandyearslater.

  Ofcourse,modernpostalservicenowaremuchmoredevelopedandfaster,dependingastheydooncarsandplanesfordelivery.Yettheyarestilltooslowforsomepeopletosendurgentdocuments（紧急文件）andletters.

  Theinventionofthefax（传真）machineincreasedthespeedofdeliveringdocumentsevenmore.Whenyousendafax，youaresendingacopyofapieceofcorrespondencetosomeonebytelephoneservice.Itwasnotuntiltheearly1980sthatsuchaservicewasdevelopedenoughforbusinessestobeabletofaxdocumentstoeachother.

  Thefaxserviceisstillverymuchinusewhencopiesofdocumentsrequiretobesent,but,asawayoffastcorrespondence,ithasbeenlargelytakentheplaceofbyemail,Emailisusedtodescribemessagessentformonecomputerusertoanother.

  Thereareadvantagesanddisadvantageswithemails.Ifyousendsomeoneanemail,thenhewillreceiveitextremelyquickly.Normalpostalservicesareratherslowasfarasspeedofdeliveryisconcerned.

   However,ifyouwritesomethingbyemail,whichyoumightlaterregret,andsenditimmediately,thereisnochanceforsecondthoughts.Atleast,ifyouarepostingaletteryouhavetoaddressandseal（封）theenvelopeandtakeittothepostbox.Thereisplentyoftimetochangeyourmind.Themessageisthinkbeforeyouemail!

41.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat__________.

A.emailislesspopularthanthefaxservice   B.thepostalservicehasovertheyearsbecomefaster

C. thepostalservicehasovertheyearsbecomeslower

D.thefaxservicehasahistoryaslongasthepostalservicedoes

42.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_________.

A. thefaxservicehadbeenfullydevelopedbythe1980s

B. lettershavebeenusedinChinaforabout1,000years

C. thefaxmachinewasinventedafterthe1980s

D. lettershavebeenusedinEgyptforabout2,000years

43.Inthelastparagraph,thewritermentions"thinkbeforeyouemail"toshowthat________.

A.youmayregretifyoudon’tyourenvelopeB.youmayregretbeforeyousendsomethingbyemail

C.you’dbetternotsendyouremailinahurryD.youneedplentyoftimetosendanemail

44.Thetextmainlydealwith_________.

A.theprogressincorrespondenceB.theadvantageoffaxmachines

C.theadvantageofemailsD.theinventionoffaxmachines

答案41．B  42．A  43．C  44．A 

41．解析：

这是一道细节推断题。

根据第二段第一句“modernpostalservicesnowaremuchdevelopedandfaster”可知选B。

42．解析：

这是一道推断题。

根据“Itwasnotuntiltheearly1980sthatsuchaservicehasdevelopedenough…”可以推断20世纪80年代初fax已经比较发达可以满足商用了，所以选A.

43．解析：

这是一道细节题。

由于email方便高速，可供考虑的时间很短，如果发现问题就来不及了，所以作者建议发送前多想想，选C.

44．解析：

这是一道主旨题。

本文讲述了通讯的发展和由此带来的变化，着重于不同通讯方式的比较和发展过程，而不是单单针对某种方式来讲述。

A选项最贴近这一点。

第2题（2004年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语全国卷Ⅰ）

    Sayyouarea17thcenturyconstructionworkerwho’sworkedlongandhardtobuildasplendidtowerforthedeadwifeofyouremperor.

     Nowsaythattheemperorordersyourfingertipscutoffsoyoucanneverbuildanotherone.Yes,thatistheTajMahal,oneofthemostfamousbuildingsintheworld.Andthetalebehindtheconstructionisjustasimpressive（印象深刻的）asthebuildingitself.

     First,there’stheemperorofnorthernIndia,ShahJehan,alsocalledtheKingoftheWorld.In1612,ShahJehanmarriedMumtazMahal.Madlyinlove,theyhad14childrenoverthenext20years.Butthensadnesscame.AsMumtazwasabouttogivebirthtochildnumber14,shesaidshehadheardherunbornbabycryout.Itwasasignofdeath.AndasMumtazlaydying,sheaskedJehantobuildalastingmemorial（纪念物）tocelebratetheirlove.

      WhentheheartbrokenJehanappearedeightdaysafterhiswife’sdeath,hispeoplewereshockedtoseethathiscoal-blackhairhadturnedsnow-white.

      Puttingawayhissadness,Jehanorderedhiswife’sdyingwishcarriedout.Morethan20000workerslaborednearly22yearstocompletetheconstruction.In1653,JehanplacedMumtaz’sremainsinthecenterunderthebuilding.

      Andthen,sonnumberfive,Aurangzeb,murderedhisbrothersandtookoverthepowerfromhisagingfather,Jehanlivedtherestofhisdays-eightyears,tobeexact-imprisonednotfarfromtheTajMahal.Jehanwasonlyallowedtoclimbontothetopofhisprisontoseethetimelesstreasurefromadistance.Butneveragainwouldhebeallowedtovisitit－untilhewasburiednexttohiswife.

      Today25,000peoplevisittheTajMahaleachday.Thoughthereasonforbuildingthetowerwasastrange,sadstory,thosewhoseeitsbreath-takingbeautyareremindedofthehappinessthatinspired（激发……的灵感）itsconstruction.

59.Thefirsttwoparagraphswerewrittentoshowthat______.

A.theTajMahalisanunusualhistoricbuildingB.ancientIndianemperorswerecruel

C.constructionworkersledahardlifeinancientIndia

D.Indiahassomeofthemostfamousbuildingsintheworld

60.TheTajMahalwasfirstbuiltas______.

A.aprisonB.agifttoMumtazC.amemorialbuildingD.atouristattraction

61.WelearnfromthetextthatMumtazprobablydiedin______.

A.1626                          B.1632                    C.1634                   D.1653

62.Theunderlinedword“happiness”inthelastsentencerefersto______.

A.themarriedhappinessoftheemperorandhiswife

B.thegreatpleasureJehanoncefoundinexercisinghispower

C.thehappinessJehanfeltoncompletingtheTajMahal

D.thepleasuretouristsexperiencewhenvisitingtheTajMahal

答案59.A             60.C            61.B             62.A

第3题（2004年普通高等学校夏季招生考试英语上海卷）

     HolidayInnsandMcDonald’s,bothsawunmatchedgrowthinthe1960s.Theirgrowthopenedanotherdirectbusinessoperation—franchising（特许经营）.

     Theseoperationshavethesamegeneralpattern.Thefranchisor,theparentcompany,firstestablishesasuccessfulretail（零售）business.Asitexpands,itseesaprofitpotentialinofferingotherstherighttoopensimilarbusinessunderitsname.Theparentcompany’smethodsandmeansofidentificationwithconsumersareincludedinthisright.Theparentcompanysuppliesskill,andmaybuildandrentstorestofranchisees.Fortheseadvantagesthefranchiseepaysthefranchisoraconsiderablefee.However,someoftheadvantagesanddisadvantagesaredifferent.

      Byextendinga“proven”marketingmethod,aparentcanprofitinseveralways.First,thefranchisee’spurchasepricegivestheparentanimmediatereturnontheplan.Thenthesaleofsuppliestothefranchiseeprovidesacontinuingsourceofprofits.Asnewbusinessesareaddedandthecompany’sreputationspreads,thevalueofthefranchiseincreasesandsalesoffranchisesbecomeeasier.Thesnowballingeffectcanbedramatic.Suchgrowth,too,bringsintoplaytheeconomiesofscale（规模经济）.Regionalornationaladvertisingthatmightbefinanciallyimpossibleforafranchisorwith20franchisescouldbeprofitableforonewith40.

      Theparent,then,findsimmediategainsfromtheopportunitytoexpandmarketsonthebasisofreputationalone,withouthavingtoputupcapitalortaketheriskofowningretailstores.Addedtothisadvantageisalessobviousbutmaterialone.Skilled,responsibleretailmanagersarerare.Peoplewhoinvesttheircapitalinfranchises,though,probablycomeclosertotheidealthandopaidmanagers.Infact,thefranchiseeisanindependentstoreoperatorworkingforthefranchisor,butwithoutanindependent’sfreedomtodropsuppliesatwill.Ofcoursethefactory’scostsofsellingsuppliesareless.Butalsocertainlythefranchiseebuyinggoodsthathavehadbroadconsumeracceptancewillnotcasuallychangesupplies,evenwhenthecontractpermits.Ifthehamburgerisnotwhatthecustomerexpected,theymaynotreturn.Havingpaidforthegoodwill,thefranchiseewon’tthoughtlesslydestroyit.

       Franchisingmaygiveyoutheideathatasafranchisor,youneedonlyrelaxintherockingchair.Franchising,however,hasproblemstobesolved.

86.Franchisingreferstoabusinessoperationinwhichasuccessfulparentcompany______.

A.sellsname-brandgoodstoaprivateinvestor

B.rentsprovenideasandtechniquesforinvestment

C.sellstheright,theguidancetoabusinessunderitsname

D.takesnoadvertisingresponsibilityforindividualinvestors

87.TheadvantagesoffranchisingtotheparentcompanyareallthefollowingEXCEPT______.

A.animmediateinvestmentreturnB.theownershipofadditionalretailstores

C.theprofitfromthesaleofsuppliesD.thepossibilityofprofitableadvertising

88.Thepassagemainlytellsthereader______.

A.theadvantagesanddisadvantagesoffranchisingB.thebenefitsoffranchisingtothefranchisor

C.theunmatchedeconomicgrowthinthe1960’sD.someregionalandnationalbusinessoperation

89.Whatwilltheauthorprobablydiscussafterthelastparagraph?

A.Moreadvantagesoffranchising.B.Risksofinvestmentbesidesfranchising.

C.Thestandardofconsumeracceptance.D.Negativeaspectsrelatedtofranchising.

答案86.C　87.B　88.B　89.D

第4题（2004年普通高等学校春季招生考试英语北京卷）

    Thefirsttaperecorderdidn’tusetape.Itusedlongthinwire.Itwasinventedin1990byValdermarPoulsen.In1930，Germanscientistsinventedthetapeweusetoday.Backthenthetapewasonbigrolls.In1964thePhilipscompanyinHollandinventedthecassette.It’sprettymuchaholderforthetape.Peopleusecassettesallovertheworld.Ifyoudon’thaveacassetterecorder，borrowone.

     Thinkofabookyourparentsreadoutloudtoyou.Thatmightbeagreatboo