届高三英语二模试题及参考答案.docx

届高三英语二模试题及参考答案.docx

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届高三英语二模试题及参考答案

2020届高三英语二模试题及参考答案

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项

A

Lastsummer,KatieStellerpulledoffthefreewayonherwaytoworkinMinneapolis.Shestoppedatatrafficlight,whereamanwassittingwithasignaskingforhelp.Sherolleddownherwindowandshouted.“Hey.I’mdrivingaroundgivingfreehaircuts.Doyouwantonerightnow?

”Themanlaughed,thenpaused.“Actually,”hesaid,“Iwasreallyhopingtogetahaircut.”Stellerpulledoutaredchairfromhercarandhelpedthemancuthishairimmediately.Aftertheworkwasdone,themanlookedinamirror.“Ilookgood!

”hesaid.

Uptonow,Stellerhasgiven30orsosuchhaircutsaroundthecitytopeoplewithlittleinfluence,andsheisstronglyawareofthepowerofhercleanupjob.

Asateen,shesufferedfromaseveredisease,causingherhairtogetthinned,sohermotherarrangedforSteller’sfirstprofessionalhaircut.“Tositdownandhavesomebodylookatmeandtalktomelikeapersonandnotjustanillness,ithelpedmefeelcaredaboutandlessalone,”shesays.Afterthat,Stellerknewshewantedtohaveherownbarbershopsoshecouldhelppeoplefeelthewayshe’dfeltthatday.Notlongafterfinishingcosmetology（美容术）schoolin2009,shebeganwhatshenowcallsherRedChairProject,reachingouttopeopleonthestreets.Heraimwasthatbydoingsomekindacts,otherswouldbeinspiredtospreadtheirown.

“Partofwhatbrokemyheartwasjusthowlonelypeoplelooked,”shesaid.“IthoughtmaybeI’dgoaroundandaskifpeoplewantfreehaircuts.Ican’tfixtheirproblems,butmaybeIcanhelpthemfeellessaloneforamoment.”

Itallbeganwithabeliefinsimpleactsofkindness,suchasafreehaircut.“Thewayyoushowupintheworldmatters,”saidSteller.“Youhavenoideawhatpeoplearegoingtodowiththekindnessthatyougivethem.”

1.Howdoesthewriterbeginthepassage?

A.Bymakingacomparison.B.Bygivingareason.

C.Byraisingaquestion.D.Bydescribingascene.

2.WhatmadeStellarstarttheRedChairProject?

A.Hermother’sloveforher.B.Herinterestincosmetology.

C.Hercareforthoseinneed.D.Herwishtofightseverediseases.

3.WhatdidStellarexpectfromtheproject?

A.Tospreadkindness.B.Tosolvesocialproblems.

C.Todealwithrelationships.D.Tomakepeoplelooksmarter.

B

Intheolddays,whenyouhadtodrivetoamovietheatertogetsomeentertainment,itwaseasytoseehowyouractionscouldhaveanimpact（影响）ontheenvironment.Afterall,youwerejumpingintoyourcar,drivingacrosstown,coughingoutemissions（产生排放）andusinggasalltheway.Butnowthatwe'reusedtostayingathomeandstreamingmovies,wemightgetalittleproud.Afterall,we'rejustpickingupourphonesandmaybeturningontheTV.You'rewelcome.MotherNature.

Notsofast,saysarecentreportfromtheFrench-basedShiftProject.Accordingto"ClimateCrisis:

TheUnsustainableUseofOnlineVideo",digitaltechnologiesareresponsiblefor4%ofgreenhousegasemissions,andthatenergyuseisincreasingby9%ayear.Watchingahalf-hourshowwouldcause1.6kilogramsofcarbondioxideemissions.That'slikedriving6.28kilometers.AndintheEuropeanUnion,theEurecaprojectfoundthatdatacenters（wherevideosarestored）thereused25%moreenergyin2017comparedtojustthreeyearsearlier,reportstheBBC.

Streamingisonlyexpectedtoincreaseaswebecomemoreenamoredofourdigitaldevices（设备）andthepossibilityofenjoyingentertainmentwhereandwhenwewantitincreases.Onlinevideouseisexpectedtoincreasebyfourtimesfrom2017to2022andaccountfor80%ofallInternettrafficby2022.Bythen,about60%oftheworld'spopulationwillbeonline.

You'reprobablynotgoingtogiveupyourstreamingservices,butthere'rethingsyoucandotohelplessentheimpactofyouronlineuse,expertssay.Forexample,accordingtoLutzStobbe,aresearcherfromtheFraunhoferInstituteinBerlin,wehavenoneedtoupload25picturesofthesamethingtothecloudbecauseitconsumesenergyeverytime.Ifinsteadyoudeleteafewthingshereandthere,youcansaveenergy.Moreover,it'salsoagoodideatostreamoverWi-Fi,watchonthesmallestscreenyoucan,andturnoffyourWi-Fiinyourhomeifyou'renotusingyourdevices.

4.Whattopicisthefirstparagraphintendedtoleadin?

A.Theenvironmentaleffectsofdrivingprivatecars.

B.Theimprovementsonenvironmentalawareness.

C.Thechangeinthewaypeopleseekentertainment.

DTheenvironmentalimpactsofscreamingservices.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasebecomemoreenamoredof"inparagraph3probablymean?

A.Getmoreskepticalof.B.Becomemoreawareof.

C.Feelmuchcrazierabout.D.Getmoreworriedabout.

6.Whatcanweinferabouttheuseofstreamingservices?

A.Itisbeingreducedtoprotecttheplanet.

B.Itsenvironmentaleffectsareworsening.

C.Itiseasilyavailabletoalmosteveryone.

D.Itssideeffectshavedrawnglobalattention.

7.Whichofthefollowingisthemostenvironmentally-friendly?

A.Watchingdownloadedmoviesonamobilephone.

B.Downloadingmusiconapersonalcomputer.

C.Uploadingalotofimagesofthesamething.

D.Playingonlinegamesovermobilenetworks.

C

Withtheirtinybrainsandexcellentabilitytomemorizenectarlocations,honeybeesareafavoritemodelorganismforstudyinglearningandmemory.Suchresearchhasindicatedthattoformlong-termmemories—onesthatlastadayormore—theinsectsneedtorepeatatrainingexperienceatleastthreetimes.Bycontrast,short-andmid-termmemoriesthatlastsecondstominutesandminutestohours,respectively,needonlyasinglelearningexperience.

Exceptionstothisrulehavebeenobserved,however.Forexample,insomestudies,beesformedlong-lastingmemoriesafterasinglelearningevent.Suchresultsareoftenregardedascircumstantialanomalies,saysMartinGiurfaoftheUniversityofToulouse.Buttheanomalousfindings,togetherwithresearchshowingthatfruitfliesandantscanformlong-termmemoriesaftersingleexperiences,arousedGiurfa’scuriosity.Wasitpossiblethathoneybeescouldreliablydothesame?

Giurfareasonedthattheabilitytoformlong-termmemoriesmightdependontheparticulartypeofbeeandtheexperience.Withinahoneybeecolony,therearenurses,whocleanthehiveandfeedtheyoung;guards,whopatrolandprotectthehive;andforagers,whosearchfornectar.

Whilepreviousstudieshavetestedbeesasawhole,Ciurfaandhiscolleaguesfocusedonforagers,taskingthemwithrememberinganexperiencerelevanttotheirrole:

anodorassociatedwithasugaryreward.

Theresearchersobservedthatasingleexposuretoareward-pairedodorwasenoughformostforagerbeestorememberthatspecificodorthefollowingday.Manyforagerscouldevenremembertheodorthreedaylater.

Theresultsdonotmeanthatallpriorresearchwaswrong,saysAndréFialaoftheUniversityofGöttingen.“Peoplehavedonetheexperimentsinadifferentway.”Still,thenewresultsdoshowthat“thecommonlyheldbeliefthatoneneedsmultipletrainingtrialstoachievelong-termmemoryisnotalwaystrue,”hesays,andthis“reallyadvancesthefield.”

8.WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusthroughParagraph1?

A.Amodelformemoryresearch.B.Theclassificationofmemories.

C.Newresearchonlearningandmemory.D.Previousfindingsonmemoryformation.

9.Whichfactormightinfluenceabee’smemoryofanexperience,accordingtoGiurfa’sresearch?

A.Whetherthebee'sroleisrelated.B.Whetherthebeeisintroducedornative.

C.Howoftenthebeerepeatstheexperience.D.Howlongthebeeisexposedtothereward.

10.WhatisAndreFiala’sattitudetowardsthenewresults?

A.Doubtful.B.Favorable.C.Intolerant.D.Unclear.

11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.LearningandMemory:

HowHoneybeesRemember

B.HoneybeeMemory:

HoneybeeKnowsWhattoDo

C.HoneybeesRememberafterJustOneLesson

D.HoneybeesUseMemoryforCommunication

D

Weusewhatisknownasinnerspeech,wherewetalktoourselves,toevaluatesituationsandmakedecisions.Now,arobothasbeentrainedtospeakalouditsinnerdecision-makingprocess,givingusaviewofhowitrespondstocontradictorydemands.

AriannaPipitoneandAntonioChellaattheUniversityofPalermo,Italy,programmedahumanoidrobotnamedPepper,withsoftwarethatmodelshumancognitive（认知的）processes,whichallowedPeppertoretrieve（检索）relevantinformationfromitsmemoryandfindthecorrectwaytoactbasedonhumancommands,aswellasatext—to—speechprocessor.ItallowedPeppertovoiceitsdecision-makingprocesswhilecompletingatask,"Withinnerspeech,wecanbetterunderstandwhattherobotwantstodoandwhatitsplanis,"saysChella.

TheresearchersaskedPeppertosetadinnertableaccordingtoetiquette（礼仪）rulestheyhadprogrammedintotherobot.InnerspeechwaseitherenabledordisabledtoseehowitaffectedPepper'sabilitytodowhatwasinstructed.

Wheninstructedtoplaceanapkinonaforkwithitsinnerspeechenabled,Pepperaskeditselfwhattheetiquetterequiredandconcludedthatthisrequestwentagainsttherulesithadbeengiven.Itthenaskedtheresearchersifputtingthenapkinontheforkwasthecorrectaction.Whentolditwas,Peppersaid,"OK,Iprefertofollowyourdesire,"andexplainedhowitwasgoingtoplacethenapkinonthefork.

Whenaskedtodothesametaskwithinnerspeechdisabled,Pepperknewthiscontradictedetiquetterules,soitdidn'tperformthetaskorexplainwhy.

Withthepotentialforrobotstobecomemorecommoninthefuture,thistypeofprogrammingcouldhelpthepublicunderstandtheirabilitiesand