考研英语一真题原文与答案解析完整版.docx
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考研英语一真题原文与答案解析完整版
2021年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C
orDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C
orDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）
TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshavebecomeanimportantissue
recently.Thecourtcannot_1_itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw_2_justicesbehave
likepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3_thecourt’sreputationfor
beingindependentandimpartial.
JusticeAntoninScalia,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakes
itlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe_4_asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemis
thatthejusticesarenot_5_byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_6_to
thecodeofconductthat_7_totherestofthefederaljudiciary.
Thisandothersimilarcases_8_thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_9_betweenthecourt
andpolitics.
TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.
Theygavejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_thoseinpowerandhave
noneedto_13_politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompolitics
preciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_14_.
Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial
_15_likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit_16_
isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_as
unjust.
Thejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_to
thecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmakerulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,
_20_,convincingaslaw.
1.[A]emphasize[B]maintain[C]modify[D]recognize
2.[A]when[B]lest[C]before[D]unless
3.[A]restored[B]weakened[C]established[D]eliminated
4.[A]challenged[B]compromised[C]suspected[D]accepted
1
5.[A]advanced[B]caught[C]bound[D]founded
6.[A]resistant[B]subject[C]immune[D]prone
7.[A]resorts[B]sticks[C]loads[D]applies
8.[A]evade[B]raise[C]deny[D]settle
9.[A]line[B]barrier[C]similarity[D]conflict
10.[A]by[B]as[C]though[D]towards
11.[A]so[B]since[C]provided[D]though
12.[A]serve[B]satisfy[C]upset[D]replace
13.[A]confirm[B]express[C]cultivate[D]offer
14.[A]guarded[B]followed[C]studied[D]tied
15.[A]concepts[B]theories[C]divisions[D]conceptions
16.[A]excludes[B]questions[C]shapes[D]controls
17.[A]dismissed[B]released[C]ranked[D]distorted
18.[A]suppress[B]exploit[C]address[D]ignore
19.[A]accessible[B]amiable[C]agreeable[D]accountable
20.[A]byallmesns[B]atallcosts[C]inaword[D]asaresult
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,Cor
D.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）
Text1
Comeon-Everybody’sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,is
whatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstono
good-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontends
thatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhich
2
organizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheir
livesandpossiblytheword.
Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcurein
action:
InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHaze
setsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownas
LoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.
Theideaseemspromising，andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthe
lamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:
theyfailtomobilizepeerpressurefor
healthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.〞Dare
different,pleasedon’tsmoke!
〞pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamong
teenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythat
public-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.
Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.Jointhe
Clubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialand
biologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureas
it’spresentedhereisthatitdoesn’tworkveryweRllafgoervAegrayinlosntgth.eHazefailed
oncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesis
limitedandmixed.
There’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.An
emergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spread
throughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:
we
unconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.
Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeer
groupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthe
troublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticnever
reallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:
inthereal
world,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.
21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesas
[A]asupplementtothesocialcure
[B]astimulustogroupdynamics
[C]anobstacletoschoolprogress
[D]acauseofundesirablebehaviors
22.Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesshould
[A]recruitprofessionaladvertisers
3
[B]learnfromadvertisers’experience
[C]stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers
[D]recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements
23.Intheauthor’sview,Rosenberg’sbookfailsto
[A]adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactors
[B]effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcure
[C]illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding
[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffect
24.Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofbehaviors
[A]isharmfultoournetworksoffriends
[B]willmisleadbehavioralstudies
[C]occurswithoutourrealizingit
[D]canproducenegativehealthhabits
25.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis
[A]harmful
[B]desirable
[C]profound
[D]questionable
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,Cor
D.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）
Text1
4
Comeon-Everybody’sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,is
whatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstono
good-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontends
thatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhich
organizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheir
livesandpossiblytheword.
Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcurein
action:
InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHaze
setsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownas
LoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.
Theideaseemspromising，andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthe
lamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:
theyfailtomobilizepeerpressurefor
healthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.〞Dare
different,pleasedon’tsmoke!
〞pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamong
teenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythat
public-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.
Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.Jointhe
Clubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialand
biologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureas
it’spresentedhereisthatitdoesn’tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailed
oncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesis
limitedandmixed.
There’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.An
emergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spread
throughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:
we
unconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.
Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeer
groupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It’askslikueptthheeteacherwhobre
troublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticnever
reallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:
inthereal
world,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.
21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesas
[A]asupplementtothesocialcure
[B]astimulustogroupdynamics
[C]anobstacletoschoolprogress
5
[D]acauseofundesirablebehaviors
22.Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesshould
[A]recruitprofessionaladvertisers
[B]learnfromadvertisers’experience
[C]stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers
[D]recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements
23.Intheauthor’sview,Rossenbboeorkgfailst’o
[A]adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactors
[B]effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcure
[C]illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding
[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffect
24.Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofbehaviors
[A]isharmfultoournetworksoffriends
[B]willmisleadbehavioralstudies
[C]occurswithoutourrealizingit
[D]canproducenegativehealthhabits
25.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis
[A]harmful
[B]desirable
[C]profound
[D]questionable
Text3
Intheidealizedversionofhowscienceisdone,factsabouttheworldarewaitingtobe
observedandcollectedbyobjectiveresearcherswhousethescientificmethodtocarryouttheir
work.Butintheeverydaypracticeofscience,discoveryfrequentlyfollowsanambiguousand
6
complicatedroute.Weaimtobeobjective,butwecannotescapethecontextofouruniquelife
experience.Priorknowledgeandinterestinfluencewhatweexperience,whatwethinkour
experiencesmean,andthesubsequentactionswetake.Opportunitiesformisinterpretation,error,
andself-deceptionabound.
Consequently,discoveryclaimsshouldbethoughtofasprotoscience.Similartonewly
stakedminingclaims,theyarefullofpotential.Bu
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