高一下册期中考试英语在线测验完整版河南省郑州市中牟县.docx

高一下册期中考试英语在线测验完整版河南省郑州市中牟县.docx

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高一下册期中考试英语在线测验完整版河南省郑州市中牟县

高一下册期中考试英语在线测验完整版（2022-2022年河南省郑州市中牟县）

阅读理解

Youmaythinkthatsailingisadifficultsport,butitisreallynothardtolearnit.Youdonotneedtobestrong.Butyouneedtobequick.Andyouneedtounderstandafewbasicrulesaboutthewind.First,youmustaskyourself,“Whereisthewindcomingfrom?

Isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside?

”Youmustthinkaboutthisallthetimeontheboat.Thewinddirectiontellsyouwhattodowiththesail.

Let’sstartwiththewindblowingfrombehind.Thismeansthewindandtheboataregoinginthesamedirection.Thenyoumustalwayskeepthesailoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata90°angle（角度）theboat.Thenitwillcatchthewindbest.

Ifthewindisblowingfromtheside,itisblowingacrosstheboatInthiscase,youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata45°angletotheboat.Itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind,butitshouldn’tflap（摆动）.Itshouldn’tlooklikeaflagonaflagpole.Ifitisflapping,itisprobablyouttoofar,andtheboatwillslowdown.

Sailingintothewindisnotpossible.Ifyoutry,thesailwillflapandtheboatwillstop.Youmaywanttogointhatdirection.Itispossible,butyoucan’tgoinastraightline.Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother.Thisiscalledtacking.Whenyouaretacking,youmustalwayskeepthesailinsidetheboat.

【1】Whatshouldyouconsiderfirstwhilesailing?

A.Wavelevels.B.Sizeofsails.

C.Sailors’strength.D.Winddirections.

【2】Whatdoestheword“It”underlinedinParagraph4referto?

A.Theboat.B.Thewind.

C.Thesail.D.Theangle.

【3】Whatdoyouhavetodowhensailingagainstthewind?

A.Tacktheboat.B.Lowerthesail.

C.Moveinastraightline.D.Allowthesailtoflap.

【4】Wherecanyouprobablyfindthetext?

A.Inaphysicstextbook.B.Inatouristguidebook.

C.Inapopularmagazine.D.Inanofficialreport.

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】A

【4】C

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了帆船运动的一些常识，进行帆船运动必须掌握风向，风向决定着帆船的运动速度。

后文分别就顺风行驶、侧风行驶和逆风行驶进行了阐述。

【1】根据第二段中的“First,youmustaskyourself,“Whereisthewindcomingfrom?

Isitcomingfromaheadorbehindorfromtheside?

””可知风向是决定帆船最重要因素。

【2】根据文章中的“youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeata45°angletotheboat.Itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind,butitshouldn’tflap（摆动）.”可知it指代thesail。

【3】根据文章最后一段中的“Itispossible,butyoucan’tgoinastraightline.Youmustgofirstinonedirectionandtheninanother.Thisiscalledtacking.”所以选A。

tacktheboat意为：

改变船航向。

【4】帆船运动是普通的一种体育运动，因此，本文很可能从流行杂志中节选。

HongKongisamongthecitieswhichhavethelargestpopulationsintheworld,butwithnightskiesaround1,000timesbrighterthangloballyacceptedlevels,itgainsabadreputation（名声）foritslightpollution.

AstudybyHongKongUniversityfoundthatbrightnesslevelsinthesouthernChinesecity’spopularshoppingdistrictofTsimShaTsuiwere1,200timesgreaterthantheinternationaldarkskystandard.

Thecrowdedcityof7millionpeople,fullofresidential（住宅的）high-rises,toweringofficeblocksandneon（霓虹灯）advertisementshasnolawstocontroloutdoorlightning.

Theresultisthatlightpollutionisthoughttobemuchworsethaninotherlargecities,includingLondon,Sydney,TokyoandShanghai.

“InHongKong,youcan’tgoanywhereoutdoorintheeveningwithoutyoureyesbeingblindedbythisreallyupsettingoutdoorlightning,”thelightpollutionsurvey’sheadJasonPumtoldAFP.

“Thefactthatwehaveallthislightintheskymeansenergyiswasted,”hesaid,addingthattoomuchartificiallightningalsoaffectsnightlywildlife.

Researchhassuggestedthatlightpollutioncancauseanumberofharmfulhealthproblemsinhumans,includingsleeplessnessandheadachesandcanalsoaffectbodyclocksandhormones（荷尔蒙）.

Theuniversity’ssurvey,theresultoffivemillionmeasurementstakenfrompointsacrossthecity,wasreleasedjustdaysbeforethestartoftheyearlyEarthHourevent,organizedbytheWorldWildlifeFund.

PeoplearoundtheworldwillbeencouragedtoturnoffthelightsforanhouronSaturdaynighttoadvertiseclimatechange.Lastyear,anumberofHongKong’smajorbuildingsalongVictoriaHarbourwentdarktomarkEarthHour.

“Anyway,weshoulddoourbesttoreducetheamountoflightningandsuitittothebenefitoftheenvironment.”

【1】IfyouwalkoutatnightinHongKong,youcanseeallthosethingsexcept______.

A.neonadvertisementsB.residentialbuildings

C.adarkskywithmanystarsD.highofficeblocks

【2】WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttoomuchlightningisNOTtrue?

A.Toomuchlightningmeanswastingenergy.B.Itcanmakethecitymorebeautifulatnight.

C.Itmayhaveabadeffectonnightlywildlife.D.Itcandogreatharmtohumanbeings’health.

【3】Wecanknowfromthepassagethat__________

A.EarthHourissimplyorganizedtoreducepollution.B.lightpollutionisthebiggestprobleminHongKong.

C.lightpollutionistheprimarycausesofsleeplessness.D.lightpollutioninHongKongisamongworld’sworst.

【4】Whatwilltheauthorprobablydiscussafterthelastparagraph?

A.WaystoreducelightpollutionB.Causesoflightpollution

C.WorriesaboutlightpollutionD.Badeffectsoflightpollution

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文，香港是世界上人口最多的城市之一，但是光污染非常严重，给人们已经环境都带来了严重的问题，所以应该提倡地球一小时来减少光污染。

【1】

推理判断题。

根据第三段的“Thecrowdedcityof7millionresidents（居民）,fullorresidentialhigh-rises,toweringofficeblocksandneon（霓虹灯）advertisements,hasnolawstocontroloutdoorlightning.”可以看出，这个七百万居民的拥护城市，到处都是高耸的办公大楼，霓虹灯广告，没有去控制外面闪烁的这些灯光的法律。

到处都是灯光，所以可以推出，在香港的夜空是看不到有星星的黑暗天空。

故选C。

【2】

细节理解题。

根据第六段的“Thefactthatwehaveallthislightintheskymeansenergyiswasted.”可知，在天空中存在的这些灯光是能源上的浪费，故A是正确的；另外“addingthattoomuchartificiallightningalsoaffectsnightlywildlife.”可以看出，太多的人靠光也会影响野生的动植物，故C是正确的；又因第七段的“Researchhassuggestedthatlightpollutioncancauseanumberofharmfulhealtheffectsinhumans”可知，研究显示，光污染也导致了大量的对人体产生危害的因素，故D是正确的；而B选项Itcanmakethecitymorebeautifulatnight.是来说使城市在夜间更加美丽，是与全文相悖的，因此是错误的选项，故选B。

【3】

细节理解题。

根据第一段的“HongKongisoneofthemostdenselypopulated（人口密集的）citiesintheworld,butwithnightskiesaround1,000timesbrighterthangloballyacceptedlevels,itgainsabadreputationforitslightpollution.”意思为：

香港是世界上人口最密集的城市之一，但是这个城市晚上的亮光是世界可接受水平的1000倍，它得到了一个光污染的坏名声。

根据第四段Theresultisthatlightpollutionisthoughttobemuchworsethaninotherlargecities,includingLondon,Sydney,TokyoandShanghai.其结果是，人们认为光污染比伦敦、悉尼、东京和上海等其他大城市严重得多。

所以可以看出，香港的光污染是世界上最严重的，故选D。

【4】

推理判断题。

根据最后一段的“Anyway,weshoulddoourbesttoreducetheamountoflightningandadjustitforthebenefitoftheenvironment.”可知，无论如何，我们都应尽我们最大的努力去减少光污染，使之有利于我们的环境。

由此判断出下文应该告诉我们减少污染的具体的方法是什么，故选A。

ReportstellusthatAmericansworkmoreandvacationlessthanpeopleinothermajordevelopedcountries.StillmillionsofAmericansdotrytogetawayfromhomeforaweekortwointhesummermonths.Somemightevenhavethetimeandmoneytospendlongeronvacation.

Forexample,manyretired（退休的）AmericanscanbefounddrivingaroundtheUnitedStatesinbigrecreationalvehicles,knownasR.V’s.Theseserveasahomeawayfromhome.Infact,Itmightevenbetheironlyhomeastheyseethecountry.

SomeAmericanfamiliesgetintheircarsanddrivetohistoricplaceslikeColonialWilliamsburginVirginia.There,theycanexperiencewhatlifewaslikeforearlyAmericans.Ifthatisnotexcitingenough,alsoinWilliamsburgisawaterparkandanamusementparkwithrides.

OtherAmericansvisitnationalparkslikeYellowstoneorYosemiteoutintheWest.Theywanttospendtimewithnature.Ortheytaketheirvacationbyalakeortheocean.Theymightswimorfish.Butmanyjustwanttositandenjoythefeelingofdoingnothing,exceptmaybereadingabook.

Somefamiliesflytoothercountriesonvacation.Ortheygoonacruiseshipandstopindifferentports.Cruiseshipsarelikefloatingcities.

Butnoteveryonegoessomeplacespecialonvacation.Thismightbetheonlytimeforpeopletoworkonthingslikehomeimprovementprojects.Andwhiletheydothat,theymightthinkofallthefuntheirfriendsarehaving.

【1】Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.NotallAmericanstakesummervacations.

B.Americansenjoymoreworkandlessvocation.

C.WhereAmericansgoontheirsummervacations.

D.Differentplaceshavedifferentsummervacations.

【2】Ifyouwanttospendtimewithnature,youcandothefollowingthingsexcept______.

A.tovisithistoricplacesB.toseethecountry

C.tostaybyalakeD.tovisitnationalparks

【3】WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Peoplechoosedifferentplacesdependingondifferentinterests.

B.Allthepeoplejustdonothingbutrelaxthemselvesforvacations.

C.NotallAmericanscanaffordtimeandmoneytogoonavacation.

D.PeopleinterestedinhistorycanhavefuninColonialWilliamsburg.

【4】Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceofthepassagemean?

A.Theythinkoftheirworkathomeasaspecialkindofvacation.

B.Theycanimaginewhatfuntheirfriendsarehavingonvacation.

C.Theyfullyenjoydoingtheirworkonhomeimprovementprojects.

D.Theymightadmiretheirfriendsforhavingtimegoingonvacation.

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】B

【4】D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。

本文讲述了美国人比其他工业城市的人工作时间多，而休息时间少。

当他们休息时，大部分家庭会选择在暑假离开家去旅游一两周，甚至更长的时间，通过不同的方式去各个地方感受不一样的旅行快乐。

文章主要介绍了不同的美国人夏季度假的不同方式。

【1】

主旨大意题。

根据第一段ReportstellusthatAmericansworkmoreandvacationlessthanpeopleinothermajordevelopedcountries.StillmillionsofAmericansdotrytogetawayfromhomeforaweekortwointhesummermonths.Somemightevenhavethetimeandmoneytospendlongeronvacation.可知报告告诉我们，美国人比其他主要发达国家的人工作更多，休假更少。

然而，在夏季的几个月里，仍有数百万美国人试图离开家一两个星期。

有些人甚至有时间和金