高考英语新题型短文填词专题讲练.docx
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高考英语新题型短文填词专题讲练
高考英语新题型“短文填词”专题讲练
一、题型说明
1.形式：
替换试卷中原短文改错题，重点考查单词拼写、语言基础知识、语篇理解能力和语言表达能力；在考查词汇的同时也考查学生读与写的能力。
考生必须在理解短文内容的基础上，把握短文主旨大意，运用所学语言知识填空，使短文语篇完整。
2.选材：
符合学生的书面表达水平，短文词数在130左右，共设10小题，第一行不设题，其余每行挖空一处设一题；考查以实词为主，兼顾其他词性。
3.提示方式：
有首字母提示、汉语提示、语境提示，其中首字母提示、汉语提示各3~4个，语境提示2~3个。
每个空格根据提示用一个单词的适当形式填空。
4.答案的唯一性。
如果出现与标准答案不同,但符合题目要求的答案也可以接受，具体由阅卷点裁定。
每个空格只能填入一个答案，超过一个的，该小题以零分计。
短文填词共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分
二、短文填词题八大考点
1、名词：
可数、不可数，可数名词的单复数形式；
特别容易忽略名词的单复数，知道了名词的单复数，有时特别容易拼错，尤其是一些可数名词单复数的特殊变化，以及动名词之间的转换；
如：
leaf—leave;medium—media;advise—advice,practise—practice;succeed—success;
2、动词：
时态、语态、非谓语及动词形式的不规则变化；
broadcast（broadcast,broadcast）广播equip（equipped,equipping）装备
注意：
quarrel,signal,travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）
3、形容词、副词：
形容词与副词的区别（也可能考比较级及最高级）；
Simple—simply,fish—fisherman,
possible—possibly可能的,practical—practically实际的
4、数词：
主要考序数词。
容易拼错的序数词，如：
1.twenty—twentieth,2.ninth第九3.forty四十4.twelfth第十二
5、常见短语的掌握
Callon号召，拜访（后接sb）/callin召集/callat拜访某地;ingoodhealth;focuson关注/concentrateon集中注意力
6、常见从句的掌握，定语从句与宾语从句的区别
7、同义词的辨析
Cloth布料/clothes衣服/clothing衣服总称,celebrate庆祝/congratulate祝贺,hungry饿/starve饥饿,disturb打搅/bother打扰
8、形近易混词的区分
quality质量/quantity数量,similar相似的/familiar熟悉的,
adapt适应,改编/adopt收养，采纳
三、普遍存在的二大问题
首先：
单词拼写问题，很多可能知道要填的单词，但拼写往往出错；
其次：
如何确定所填词的词性，有些空确实特别需要注意的是细节的把握：
如名词的单复数，动词形式的变化以及词性之间的变换。
四、短文填词题三大解题策略
关键找搭配信息
第一、对于首字母提示和语境提示的空格：
如何判断其意义及词性，关键看搭配，重点找已知信息。
搭配包括：
主谓搭配，动宾搭配，前置定语（形容词、动词分词）+名词或名词+后置定语（形容词，动词分词，介宾短语或者定语从句），谓语+状语（副词），副词修饰形容词等等。
空格前后的已知信息词决定着空格词的词性；
第二、汉语提示题相对简单：
大部分我们可以根据汉语提示直接写出答案。
但需特别注意的是有时题中给出我们的意思能够理解，但词性的选择和单词的选择还是需要根据具体的搭配信息确定。
而且中文往往是模糊的，与之相近的意思的单词或许不止一个词。
这时更需要我们根据文中已知信息来确定。
Forexample:
1.Theygotlostinthedesertand_________（挨饿）todeath.
解析：
并列连词and连接二谓语动词，前后一致，前面是动词got,则后面也应是动词的过去时,故只能填starved,而不会是形容词hungry.
2.Pleasegivemy______（祝贺）whenyouseeher.
3.They’regoingto___（庆祝）theirvictorywithmusicanddancing.
解析：
庆祝和祝贺在中文看来是近似的，但在英文中的区别明显。
Celebrate庆祝，后面接的宾语往往是胜利或是节日。
而祝贺的宾语则是对个人成功等的祝贺。
本题空格在动词give的后面，故应填congratulation.而68题则应是celebrate.
4.Thebookgivesashort_____（描述）ofthecity.
解析：
很明显该处应填名词description.注意：
describe和description的词性转化。
第三、单词的正确拼写
1.名词：
名词的单复数的确定主要根据：
（1）.并列连词and,but以及or前后的名词或代词的单复数，前后往往是一致的；
（2）.根据主谓一致的原则，关键看谓语动词或系动词的数。
1.OnthemorningofApril29,2008,from10:
00to11:
00,hundredsofmillionsofstudentsfromprimary,middleschoolsanduniversitiesalloverChinajoinedinanationalstudentsportsprogram.
2.Weaimatqualityratherthanquantity.
3.Ericcamerunningintotheroom,outofbreath.
4.Nowadaysmostpeopleusepaperhandkerchiefs（手帕）.
5．Springhascome,andthetreesarethickwithgreenleaves（叶子）.
2.动词:
一定要注意动词的时态，语态及非谓语形式，这又和考查学生对动词ing及ed形式的变换的掌握能力息息相关。
1.Thepatientkeptcoughingallnight.
2.Doyouthinkswimming（游泳）isallowedinthecanal.
3.IrecognizedMikethemomentIsawhim.
4.Winning（赢得）thesupportofthemajorityrequirestime,energyanddevotion.
5.Theyfinishedmeasuring（测量）thatpieceoflandlastweek.
6.Theboyspokeinaverylowvoiceadmitting（承认）hehadbrokentheglass.
3.形容词:
特别注意名词转化形容:
Asia—Asian,Australia—Australian,Europe—European（地名等专有名词第一字母必须大写）。
1.RiceisgrowninChina,JapanandotherAsiancountries.
2.ThestoryiswrittenbyanAustralian（澳大利亚）engineer.
3.Thisplantisfoundinthesouthern（南部）partsofthecountry
4.Shelooksfamiliartome,butIdon'trememberhernames.
5.Mytrainwas20minuteslateinthemorningandtherewasasimilar（相似的）delayintheevening.
4.副词：
副词主要修饰形容词，和动词。
1.Don’tbefrightenedbythetelevisioncamera.Justspeaknaturally（自然地）.
2.Generallyspeaking,parentscaremoreabouttheirchildren'shealththanabouttheirown.
3.Thetelephonerangandheanswereditimmediately.
4．Attentionplease,thegamewillbeginimmediately（立刻）.
5．Thereareonlyfiveminutesleft.We’llhavetowalkquicklytogetthereontime.
5.数词和月份，星期数词：
主要考序数词。
1.Thetwelfth（第十二）maninafootballteamwillplayifoneoftheotherplayersisill.
2.Theirofficeisontheninth（第九）floor.
3.I’llgoandseeyounextSaturday（星期六）.
4.January（一月）isthefirstmonthoftheyear.
容易拼写错的数字。
如：
eighth第八ninth第九forty四十twelfth第十二
twentieth第二十
一个星期七天：
MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFriday
SaturdaySunday
一年十二个月:
JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJune
JulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember
6.短语：
1.CouldyouhelpLiandtellhimhowtogetridofthisbadhabitandreturntonormallifeagain？
2.HewasproudoftheOlympicGoldMedalhewonforhiscountry.
3.Notpayingattentiontotheroadcanbedangerous,evendeadly.
4.Itisimportantfordriverstofocus（关注）onwhatisgoingonaroundthem.
7.主从复合句：
从样题分析来看，此题一般在1—2题左右。
一般以考查从句的连接词为主，而宾语从句，定语从句以及时间状语从句的连接词出现频率较高。
1.Ithinkit/it’sagoodideaforusSeniorⅢstudentstohavedailysports.
2.Wespendanhouradayonexercise,whichiswellworthdoing.
3.HiswifeisworriedandafraidthatdrinkingwilldestroytheirhappylifeaswellasLiHuahimself.
练习
阅读下列短文，根据以下提示：
1）汉语提示，2）首字母提示，3）语境提示，在每个空格内填入适当的英语单词，并将该词完整地写在右边相对应的横线上.所填单词要求意义准确，拼写正确。
（1）
FangTongis34yearsold,anactor,directorandteacherof
BeijingOperaTheatre.Mostofhisstudentsare_____otherpartsof1.______
ChinaandhavecometoBeijingattheveryyoung____ofsixteen2.______
orseventeen.Hehopesto_____（创造）anenvironmentforhisstudents3.______
thatismuchmorerelaxing_____theoneheusedto4.______
studyin.Hethinksthatan_____（演员）shouldrelaxhimselfwhen5.______
performing.Yethisstudentsdeeply______（尊重）himandhe6.______
neverneedstoraisehisvoiceinordertobeh______.7.______
Inhiso_____,actorsshouldgoonevenwhenthey8.______
feeltheyhavemadeam_______intheirperformances9.______
becausethemomentisa______goneandpeoplecannever10._____
bebacktoit...Soartisalwayschanginganddeveloping.
（2）
Iwasrecentlytoldthatlisteningtoloudmusicisgradually
makingpeoplehardofhearing.I'msureithasalreadyh_____1.______
tomyneighbor.Foryearsshehasturneda______（聋）earto2.______
myrequeststoturnherradio_______.Whenshegives3.______
apartyshewon'thavetoi_____therestofthestreet.4.______
Everyonecand______tohermusicinhisownroom.5.______
Nowa_____（科学家）hasdiscoveredacertainelectronicsounds6.______
havestrangee______onrats.Hedeclarestheybreakdown,7.______
almostparalyzed（瘫痪）w_____theirlegstrembling.8.______
Thenitissimplyamatterof_____（扔）themoutby9.______
theirtails.Iwonder_____thesamethingwillfallon10._____
myneighborsomeday.
（3）
Likemostofmyschoolmates,Ihaveneitherbrothersnor
sisters---inother_____,Iamanonlychild.Myparents1._____
lovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoallthey____tomakesure2._____
thatIgetagood______（教育）.Theydonotwantmetodo3._____
anyworkathome;theywantmetod_____allmytimeto4._____
mystudiessothatI'llgetgoodmarksinallmy______（科目）.We5._____
maybeonefamilyandlive______thesameroof,butwedo6._____
notseemtogetmuchtimetotalk_____（一起）.Itlooks7._____
asifmyparentst______measavisitororaguest.8._____
Dotheyreallyu________theirowndaughter9._____
Whatthingsareinotherfamilies,Iw_______.10._____
（4）
Fishing is my favourite sport.
I often fish for hours without c_______ anything.1._______
B____this does not worry me.Some fishermen 2._______
are unlucky.I_______ of catching fish, they catch 3._______
old boots and___（垃圾）.I am even less lucky.4._______
I ______catch anything -- not even old boots.5._______
After having s______ whole mornings on the river, 6._______
I always go home with an ___（空的）bag.'You must give up fishing!
' 7._______
my friends say.'It's a w______ of time.' But they don't realize 8._______
one important thing.I'm not really interested ______fishing.9._______
I justenjoy ___（坐）in aboat and doing nothing at all!
10._______
（5）
I arrived in London at last.The railway station was big, black and dark.
I did not know the way to my ____（旅馆）, so I asked a porter.1._______
I not only spokeEnglish very carefully, but very clearly as ______.2._______
The porter, however, could not understand me.I _____（重复）my question 3._______
several t_____ and at last he understood.he answered me, but he spoke4._______
neither slowly ____ clearly.'I am a foreigner,' I said.Then he spoke slowly, 5._______
but I could not understand him.My teacher never spoke English ____（像）that!
6._______
The porter and I looked at each other and smiled.Then he said s________ 7._______
and I understood it.'You'll soon learn English!
' he said.I _____（想知道）.8._______
In England, each person speaks a d_____ language.The English understand 9.______
each other, ______ I don't understand them!
Do they speak English?
10.______
（6）
I am an art student and I paint a lot of pictures.
Many people ____（假装）that they understand modern art.They always 1._______
tell you what a picture is 'about'.Of c____, many pictures are not 'about' anything.2._______
They are just pretty patterns.We like them in the s______ way 3._______
that we like pretty curtain ______（材料）.I think that young children 4._______
often appreciate modern pictures _______ than anyone else.5._______
They notice more.My sister is o____ seven, but she always tells me 6._______
______ my pictures are good or not.She came into my room yesterday.7.______
'What are you doing?
' she asked.
'I'm _____（挂）this picture on the wall,' I answered.'It's a new one.Do you like it?
'8.______
She looked at it critically for a moment.'It's all right,' she said, 'but isn't it upside ____?
'9.__
I looked at it again.She was r______!
It was!
10.___
（7）
Late in the afterno
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